scholarly journals Trichoderma Enhances Net Photosynthesis, Water Use Efficiency, and Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Salt Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Mulu Oljira ◽  
Tabassum Hussain ◽  
Tatoba R. Waghmode ◽  
Huicheng Zhao ◽  
Hongyong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Soil salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting plant growth and productivity. The breeding of salt-tolerant wheat cultivars has substantially relieved the adverse effects of salt stress. Complementing these cultivars with growth-promoting microbes has the potential to stimulate and further enhance their salt tolerance. In this study, two fungal isolates, Th4 and Th6, and one bacterial isolate, C7, were isolated. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that these isolates were closely related to Trichoderma yunnanense, Trichoderma afroharzianum, and Bacillus licheniformis, respectively. These isolates produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) under salt stress (200 mM). The abilities of these isolates to enhance salt tolerance were investigated by seed coatings on salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant wheat cultivars. Salt stress (S), cultivar (C), and microbial treatment (M) significantly affected water use efficiency. The interaction effect of M x S significantly correlated with all photosynthetic parameters investigated. Treatments with Trichoderma isolates enhanced net photosynthesis, water use efficiency and biomass production. Principal component analysis revealed that the influences of microbial isolates on the photosynthetic parameters of the different wheat cultivars differed substantially. This study illustrated that Trichoderma isolates enhance the growth of wheat under salt stress and demonstrated the potential of using these isolates as plant biostimulants.

scholarly journals Agronomic Biofortification of Cayenne Pepper Cultivars with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and Chili Residue in a Chinese Solar Greenhouse

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2398
Author(s):  
Ibraheem Olamide Olasupo ◽  
Qiuju Liang ◽  
Chunyi Zhang ◽  
Md Shariful Islam ◽  
Yansu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Agronomic Biofortification

Agronomic biofortification of horticultural crops using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) under crop residue incorporation systems remains largely underexploited. Bacillus subtilis (B1), Bacillus laterosporus (B2), or Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (B3) was inoculated on soil containing chili residue, while chili residue without PGPR (NP) served as the control. Two hybrid long cayenne peppers, succeeding a leaf mustard crop were used in the intensive cultivation study. Net photosynthesis, leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthetic water use efficiency, shoot and root biomass, and fruit yield were evaluated. Derivatives of folate, minerals, and nitrate contents in the pepper fruits were also assessed. B1 elicited higher net photosynthesis and photosynthetic water use efficiency, while B2 and B3 had higher transpiration rates than B1 and NP. B1 and B3 resulted in 27–36% increase in pepper fruit yield compared to other treatments, whereas B3 produced 24–27.5% and 21.9–27.2% higher 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and total folate contents, respectively, compared to B1 and NP. However, chili residue without PGPR inoculation improved fruit calcium, magnesium, and potassium contents than the inoculated treatments. ‘Xin Xian La 8 F1’ cultivar had higher yield and plant biomass, fruit potassium, total soluble solids, and total folate contents compared to ‘La Gao F1.’ Agronomic biofortification through the synergy of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and chili residue produced better yield and folate contents with a trade-off in the mineral contents of the greenhouse-grown long cayenne pepper.

scholarly journals Management of Plant Physiology with Beneficial Bacteria to Improve Leaf Bioactive Profiles and Plant Adaptation under Saline Stress in Olea europea L.

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estrella Galicia-Campos ◽  
Beatriz Ramos-Solano ◽  
Mª. Belén Montero-Palmero ◽  
F. Javier Gutierrez-Mañero ◽  
Ana García-Villaraco
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Plant Fitness ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Pruning Residues

Global climate change has increased warming with a concomitant decrease in water availability and increased soil salinity, factors that compromise agronomic production. On the other hand, new agronomic developments using irrigation systems demand increasing amounts of water to achieve an increase in yields. Therefore, new challenges appear to improve plant fitness and yield, while limiting water supply for specific crops, particularly, olive trees. Plants have developed several innate mechanisms to overcome water shortage and the use of beneficial microorganisms to ameliorate symptoms appears as a challenging alternative. Our aim is to improve plant fitness with beneficial bacterial strains capable of triggering plant metabolism that targets several mechanisms simultaneously. Our secondary aim is to improve the content of molecules with bioactive effects to valorize pruning residues. To analyze bacterial effects on olive plantlets that are grown in saline soil, photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes (proline and soluble sugars), and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes (superoxide dismutase-SOD and ascorbate peroxidase-APX) and molecules (phenols, flavonols, and oleuropein) were determined. We found photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant molecules, net photosynthesis, and water use efficiency to be the most affected parameters. Most strains decreased pigments and increased osmolytes and phenols, and only one strain increased the antihypertensive molecule oleuropein. All strains increased net photosynthesis, but only three increased water use efficiency. In conclusion, among the ten strains, three improved water use efficiency and one increased values of pruning residues.

Water use and water use efficiency of old and modern wheat cultivars in a Mediterranean-type environment

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHM Siddique ◽  
D Tennant ◽  
MW Perry ◽  
RK Belford
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Evaporation ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Modern Cultivar ◽  
Modern Wheat ◽  
Use Efficiency

Water use and water use efficiency of old and modern wheat cultivars and one barley cultivar were measured in a Mediterranean environment at Merredin, W.A. Water use efficiency for grain increased substantially from old to modern cultivars, with little difference among modern cultivars. Water use efficiency for dry matter was similar between cultivars. Barley had the highest water use efficiency of both grain and dry matter. Improved water use efficiency for grain in modern cultivars was associated with faster development, earlier flowering, improved canopy structure and higher harvest index. Modern cultivars used slightly less water than old cultivars. The pattern of water use was also different, with late-maturing old cultivars using more water in the pre- than the post-anthesis period. The ratio of pre- to post-anthesis water use was highest with the late-maturing, old cultivar Purple Straw (5.2:1) and lowest with early-maturing, modern cultivar Gutha (3.0:1). Soil evaporation estimates showed that modern cultivars had lower rates of soil evaporation in the early part of the growing season. This was associated with their faster leaf area development and improved light interception. About 40% of the total water use was lost by soil evaporation with very little difference between wheat cultivars. Barley had 15% less soil evaporation than wheat. Water use efficiency for grain based on transpiration (transpiration efficiency) for the four modern cultivars was 15.8 kg ha-1 mm-1, similar to other studies in comparable environments. Some further improvement in water use efficiency appears possible through improvement in crop biomass and harvest index. However, given the frequent and severe limitations of total water supply at low rainfall sites such as Merredin, there appears to be more scope for improvement in yield and water use efficiency in the medium and high rainfall areas of the wheatbelt.

scholarly journals Daily dynamics of photosynthetic parameters in beech population under periodical drought conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Borišev ◽  
Rita Horak ◽  
Slobodanka Pajević ◽  
Saša Orlović ◽  
Nataša Nikolić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Photosynthetic Productivity ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe paper presents the impact of periodic soil drought on physiological parameters important for bioproductivity of mountain beech populations. The investigated forest population was located near Fruška gora mountain peak, where water runs off quickly, and consequently lack of soil humidity develops very often. Decreasing trends of photosynthesis, transpiration, water use efficiency and stomatal conductance (gs) during the growing season were evident, in correlation with a shortage of precipitation. Diurnally, photosynthesis of beech leaves showed rhythmical changes. It was the most intensive in the morning, then decreased between noon and 1 pm, and increased again during early afternoon. High leaf temperature and water deficit in the deeper soil layers caused a decreasing trend in photosynthesis and daily rhythmic changes of the transpiration rate and water use efficiency. Although surface soil water capacity did not show a significant decreasing trend from July to September, a lack of precipitation was observed, which probably caused a lack of moisture in deeper soil layers, resulting in a decline in photosynthesis and transpiration. Physiological status, linked to primary photosynthetic productivity of forests, could be a significant indicator of environmental conditions and trends in climate changes.

Constitutive differences in water use efficiency between two durum wheat cultivars

2012 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulvia Rizza ◽  
Jaleh Ghashghaie ◽  
Sylvie Meyer ◽  
Loredana Matteu ◽  
Anna Maria Mastrangelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Agronomic performance and gaseous exchanges of the radish under saline stress and ascorbic acid application

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ygor Henrique Leal ◽  
Leonardo Vieira de Sousa ◽  
Toshik Iarley Da Silva ◽  
Joana Gomes de Moura ◽  
Ana Gabriela Sousa Basílio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Use Efficiency

The radish is a short-cycle vegetable that has excellent nutritional and medicinal properties. It is considered rustic, meaning it tolerates adverse conditions with the possibility of being irrigated with saline water, which creates stress. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of electrical conductivities in irrigation water and doses of ascorbic acid on the agronomic performance and gaseous exchanges of radishes. This experiment was carried out in a protected environment at the Agricultural Sciences Center of the Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba (Brazil). The experiment design used randomized blocks with five doses of ascorbic acid (0.0, 0.29, 1.0, 1.71 and 2.0 mM) and five electrical conductivities in the irrigation water (0.5, 1.3, 3.25, 5.2 and 6.0 dS m-1), with four replicates. The growth, gas exchange and production were evaluated. The doses of ascorbic acid were not significant. The increase in the electrical conductivities of the irrigation water provided a reduction in the agronomic performance and gas exchanges, except for the net photosynthesis, water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, which were not significant. There was a relationship between the net photosynthesis, transpiration, internal concentration of CO2 and water use efficiency and the stomatal conductance. The agronomic performance and gaseous exchanges of the radish culture were influenced by the salinity. The foliar application of ascorbic acid did not influence the agronomic yield and gaseous exchanges of the radishes at the tested doses.

Vertical Wilting and Photosynthesis, Transpiration, and Water Use Efficiency of Sunflower Leaves

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Rawson
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Vertical Orientation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Node Position

Plants of two sunflower cultivars were exposed to a number of soil drying cycles and the gas exchange of young, fully expanded leaves at different nodes was measured continuously from when the leaves were turgid until when they were severely and vertically wilted. Peak rates of net photosynthesis increased with the height of leaf insertion but, regardless of node position, leaves at vertical wilting always had rates of net photosynthesis which were close to 50% of peak rates. Although the leaf water potential at which vertical wilting occurred ranged between - 1.3 and -2.2 MPa and varied even for a particular leaf position, there was a similar relationship between the rate of reduction in photosynthesis and the reduction in leaf water potential. No evidence was found for a threshold leaf water potential at which stomatal closure occurs. Water use efficiency improved when leaves changed from a horizontal to a vertical orientation, apparently through changes in leaf temperature but. by the stage of wilting, water use efficiency had already markedly improved over efficiencies of turgid leaves. Much of this improvement stemmed from changes in leaf conductances. No clear differences between cultivars were evident in any parameter measured. The likely effects that wilting will have on water use efficiency in the field and strategies for optimising water use on a diurnal basis are discussed.

Effect of Rhizobium Inoculation on Growth of Stony Desertification - Grown White Clover (Trifolium) by Rhizobium sp. SWFU27, SWFU29

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 2416-2421
Author(s):  
Jin Hua Wang ◽  
Wu Xian Zhang ◽  
Guo Lian Lai ◽  
Yu Bo Zhao ◽  
Biao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Rhizobium Inoculation ◽  
Leaf Transpiration ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Rhizobium Sp

Effects of Rhizobium inoculation on plant height (PH), leaf area (LA), leaf net photosynthesis (Pn), leaf transpiration rate (Tr) and water use efficiency (WUE) of stony desertification-grown white clover (Trifolium) by Rhizobium sp. SWFU27, SWFU29 were studied during Spring 2011. Seeds were soaked for 30min in strain SWFU27, SWFU29 cell suspensions respectively, growing individually in autoclaved stony desertification soil under nursery conditions at ambient temperatures. Datum were collected from 90-day-old plants on a sunny day. Rhizobium inoculation by SWFU27 significantly increased PH and LA by 50% and 91.58% separately, and SWFU29 by 129.17% and 158.95. Pn, Tr, WUE for three sets of plants all in turn: SWFU29 > SWFU27 > CK, suggesting that maximum growth of stony desertification-grown plant requires the Rhizobium inoculation to promote the growth, between the two inoculation systems, SWFU29 had a high photosynthesis efficiency, transpiration potential and water use efficiency than SWFU27 and SWFU29 is much light-tolerance species than SWFU27, thereto signify the phenomena that white clover inoculated by Rhizobium sp. SWFU29 is growing better and to be a pioneer dominant in Karst stony desertification area.

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