Conflict and Cooperation among Sino-US-EU Based on Climate Change

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 954-958
Author(s):  
Ya Qiong Wang ◽  
Yao Wen Xue
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Conflict And Cooperation ◽  
Common Concern ◽  
Developing Trend ◽  
The Common

Global warming is emerging as the common concern of all countries and people on earth. This paper first emphatically analyzes the game process of Sino-US-EU according to the interest and position of the groups at the UN Conference on Climate Change. After that, the paper finds the reason why the three parties failed to reach an agreement and proposes measures to solve the focal point. In the end, this paper prospects the developing trend to the next Climate Change Conference.

scholarly journals Natural resources in international treaties: From the sovereign rights of states to the common concern of humankind

2021 ◽  
pp. 391-405
Author(s):  
Dragoljub Todić
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Common Concern ◽  
The Common

The paper points out the importance of natural resources and discusses their international legal protection. It analyses the UN deposited international agreements in the field of environment as well as the views of various authors. In specific, relations of the international agreements with the principle of permanent sovereignty of states over natural resources ("principle") and the concept of ,,common concern of humankind" (,,concept") is explored. The aim of the paper is to identify relevant international agreements, determine how they relate to ,,natural resources" and assess the content of norms related to the ,,principle" and ,,concept". The conclusion states that the ,,principle" and the ,,concept" are simultaneously defined in two international agreements (Convention on Biological Diversity and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change), that the content and meaning of the ,,principle" was upgraded, as well as that there are elements of intertwining and lack of clarity when it comes to characterising relations between the ,,principle" and the ,,concept".

scholarly journals Green Computing: A Machinery for Sustainable Development in the Post-Covid Era

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Nwankwo ◽  
Paschal Uchenna Chinedu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Green Computing ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Political Governance

Socio-economic sustainability has emerged the common song of the policy makers globally. It has been projected as a developmental strategy by international and regional agencies. There has been several campaigns and programs all of which are intended to promote sustainability. In developing countries, the masses have been bamboozled with often unrealistic bogus policies hypocritically crafted in a bid to deceive the uninformed who are undoubtedly helpless in the midst of the conundrum. However, the 2019 reports of the IPCC and OECD respectively on global warming, sustainability and climate change is not a phenomenon that should be swept under the carpet by any sensible government. Though in many jurisdictions, campaigns and policies have long assumed political undertone, it must be stressed that it is time for talking the walk. Governments must put up implementable strategies that are all encompassing across the various sociopolitical classes and the different industry levels. According to the said reports, global warming and climate change pose severe challenges to sustainability and this is attributed to social, and economic root causes. The social sources are conflicts and poor socio-political governance structures whereas the economic sources are connected to industry, electricity, residential, agriculture, and transport. It is reported that 60% of greenhouse emissions globally emanate from the economic source. The worst hit is the sub-Saharan Africa where the dumping of electronic wastes and uncontrolled deployment of unregulated hardware for industry operations have remained a major environmental menace in the last decade. Having regard to the foregoing, this paper seeks to provide a systematic inquiry into the green computing policies and legislations in a major economic hub in the sub-Saharan Africa. The essence of this investigation is to critically review the present status of existing policies, strategies, and legislation vis-à-vis their strengths, lapses, and the contributory effect of these on driving the sustainability programs in the general developmental outlook of the sub region.

scholarly journals Effect of Climate Change on Aquatic Ecosystem and Production of Fisheries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satarupa Ghosh ◽  
Snigdha Chatterjee ◽  
Ghora Shiva Prasad ◽  
Prasanna Pal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Common People ◽  
Marine System ◽  
The Common

The exploitation of nature for decades due to several anthropogenic activities has changed the climatic conditions worldwide. The environment has been polluted with an increase of greenhouse gases. The major consequences are global warming, cyclone, an increase in sea level, etc. It has a clear negative impact on the natural environment including aquatic ones. As a result, production of fish in the aquaculture system and marine system is greatly affected. Marine ecosystems like coral reefs are also destroyed. Decreased fish production has also affected the livelihood and economic condition of the fish farmers. So, corrective measures should be taken to reduce the climate changes for minimizing its effects on fish production. Using more eco-friendly substances, planting more trees, and preserving our nature are some steps to be taken. Awareness should also be generated among the common people.

scholarly journals Beyond the hockey stick: Climate lessons from the Common Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (39) ◽  
pp. e2112797118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Climate History ◽  
Hockey Stick ◽  
The Common ◽  
Climate Model Simulations ◽  
Common Era

More than two decades ago, my coauthors, Raymond Bradley and Malcolm Hughes, and I published the now iconic “hockey stick” curve. It was a simple graph, derived from large-scale networks of diverse climate proxy (“multiproxy”) data such as tree rings, ice cores, corals, and lake sediments, that captured the unprecedented nature of the warming taking place today. It became a focal point in the debate over human-caused climate change and what to do about it. Yet, the apparent simplicity of the hockey stick curve betrays the dynamicism and complexity of the climate history of past centuries and how it can inform our understanding of human-caused climate change and its impacts. In this article, I discuss the lessons we can learn from studying paleoclimate records and climate model simulations of the “Common Era,” the period of the past two millennia during which the “signal” of human-caused warming has risen dramatically from the background of natural variability.

scholarly journals Role of thermal spray in combating climate change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Viswanathan ◽  
Nirmal Kumar Katiyar ◽  
Gaurav Goel ◽  
Allan Matthews ◽  
Saurav Goel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Thermal Spray ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Spraying ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Gas

AbstractThermal spraying is a scalable surface engineering technique used to add or to restore functionality of a solid surface by applying a coating. Examples of this include protection against wear, erosion, abrasion, and heat. In a specific sense, thermal spraying is particularly used to deposit thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) which finds use in transportation, power generation and automotive sector. As being a surface technique, thermal spraying much like other surface coating techniques can avoid the use of excessive bulk materials and in turn offers longevity to the life of the component, so it already contributes to the reduction of global warming by virtue of avoiding the use of excessive scarce materials and improving fuel efficiency. In terms of its contribution to the cause of global warming, thermal spraying stands in sharp contrast to the energy-intensive processes such as melting, casting, extrusion and welding. With the rise of additive manufacturing, it is possible to use thermal spray to complement that process in many ways and “cold spray additive manufacturing” (CSAM) is already gaining popularity. The thermal spraying technique relies on using selective types of gases—hydrogen being one of them and few types of metals/alloys which are now classed as critical raw materials due to them being on the supply risk register. Efforts to consider recycling and reuse and to find alternatives to these are very timely to continue drawing the advantage of thermal spraying being a relatively green technique. In particular, the green energy initiatives and the drive to develop energy storage and battery technologies could challenge the supply of raw materials such as hydrogen gas and rare earth elements. This underlines the research and development need for alternate materials and processes to address the issue of climate change which is the major focal point of the COP 26 Summit at Glasgow in 2021. The combination of digital technologies and thermal spray coatings will reduce gas, powder and power consumption, which will make this manufacturing process even greener.

Modelling ecosystem adaptation and dangerous rates of global warming

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Millington ◽  
Peter M. Cox ◽  
Jonathan R. Moore ◽  
Gabriel Yvon-Durocher
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Genetic Evolution ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Rapid Climate Change ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Intraspecies Competition ◽  
High Trait

Abstract We are in a period of relatively rapid climate change. This poses challenges for individual species and threatens the ecosystem services that humanity relies upon. Temperature is a key stressor. In a warming climate, individual organisms may be able to shift their thermal optima through phenotypic plasticity. However, such plasticity is unlikely to be sufficient over the coming centuries. Resilience to warming will also depend on how fast the distribution of traits that define a species can adapt through other methods, in particular through redistribution of the abundance of variants within the population and through genetic evolution. In this paper, we use a simple theoretical ‘trait diffusion’ model to explore how the resilience of a given species to climate change depends on the initial trait diversity (biodiversity), the trait diffusion rate (mutation rate), and the lifetime of the organism. We estimate theoretical dangerous rates of continuous global warming that would exceed the ability of a species to adapt through trait diffusion, and therefore lead to a collapse in the overall productivity of the species. As the rate of adaptation through intraspecies competition and genetic evolution decreases with species lifetime, we find critical rates of change that also depend fundamentally on lifetime. Dangerous rates of warming vary from 1°C per lifetime (at low trait diffusion rate) to 8°C per lifetime (at high trait diffusion rate). We conclude that rapid climate change is liable to favour short-lived organisms (e.g. microbes) rather than longer-lived organisms (e.g. trees).

Political Preferences, Personality Traits, and Environmentalism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Soutter ◽  
René Mõttus
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Environmental Attitudes ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Anthropogenic Climate Change ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Party Voting

Although the scientific evidence of anthropogenic climate change continues to grow, public discourse still reflects a high level of scepticism and political polarisation towards anthropogenic climate change. In this study (N = 499) we attempted to replicate and expand upon an earlier finding that environmental terminology (“climate change” versus “global warming”) could partly explain political polarisation in environmental scepticism (Schuldt, Konrath, & Schwarz, 2011). Participants completed a series of online questionnaires assessing personality traits, political preferences, belief in environmental phenomenon, and various pro-environmental attitudes and behaviours. Those with a Conservative political orientation and/or party voting believed less in both climate change and global warming compared to those with a Liberal orientation and/or party voting. Furthermore, there was an interaction between continuously measured political orientation, but not party voting, and question wording on beliefs in environmental phenomena. Personality traits did not confound these effects. Furthermore, continuously measured political orientation was associated with pro-environmental attitudes, after controlling for personality traits, age, gender, area lived in, income, and education. The personality domains of Openness, and Conscientiousness, were consistently associated with pro-environmental attitudes and behaviours, whereas Agreeableness was associated with pro-environmental attitudes but not with behaviours. This study highlights the importance of examining personality traits and political preferences together and suggests ways in which policy interventions can best be optimised to account for these individual differences.

Relating regional crises and political cohesion from an ASEAN and EU-ASEAN perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
Naila Maier-Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
International Community ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Common Concern ◽  
The Common ◽  
Regional Grouping

In December 2015, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) celebrated the official establishment of the ASEAN Community. Having emerged in 1967 as a regional grouping of developing countries with minimal shared interests—beyond the common concern of economic growth and national resilience, ASEAN now has established regional structures which have been vital in enhancing development and dialogue on a broad range of issues across the Southeast Asian region. Over the years, the institutional development at the regional level has been accompanied by various efforts to promote regional unity and identity. The more recent years have also displayed that the international community has been supporting these efforts for ASEAN unity and identity by showing greater recognition of ASEAN as an international actor in its own right, for example, through the establishment of numerous country delegations to ASEAN.

Graubündens Wald im Fokus | Focus on the Grisons forest

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (7) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Reto Hefti
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Form Part ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Government

In the mountainous canton Grisons, much visited by tourists, the forest has always had an important role to play. New challenges are now presenting themselves. The article goes more closely into two themes on the Grisons forestry agenda dominating in the next few years: the increased use of timber and climate change. With the increased demand for logs and the new sawmill in Domat/Ems new opportunities are offered to the canton for more intensive use of the raw material, wood. This depends on a reduction in production costs and a positive attitude of the population towards the greater use of wood. A series of measures from the Grisons Forestry Department should be of help here. The risk of damage to infrastructure is particularly high in a mountainous canton. The cantonal government of the Grisons has commissioned the Forestry Department to define the situation concerning the possible consequences of global warming on natural hazards and to propose measures which may be taken. The setting up of extensive measurement and information systems, the elaboration of intervention maps, the estimation of the danger potential in exposed areas outside the building zone and the maintenance of existing protective constructions through the creation of a protective constructions register, all form part of the government programme for 2009 to 2012. In the Grisons, forest owners and visitors will have to become accustomed to the fact that their forests must again produce more wood and that, on account of global warming, protective forests will become even more important than they already are today.

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