Relating regional crises and political cohesion from an ASEAN and EU-ASEAN perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
Naila Maier-Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
International Community ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Common Concern ◽  
The Common ◽  
Regional Grouping

In December 2015, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) celebrated the official establishment of the ASEAN Community. Having emerged in 1967 as a regional grouping of developing countries with minimal shared interests—beyond the common concern of economic growth and national resilience, ASEAN now has established regional structures which have been vital in enhancing development and dialogue on a broad range of issues across the Southeast Asian region. Over the years, the institutional development at the regional level has been accompanied by various efforts to promote regional unity and identity. The more recent years have also displayed that the international community has been supporting these efforts for ASEAN unity and identity by showing greater recognition of ASEAN as an international actor in its own right, for example, through the establishment of numerous country delegations to ASEAN.

ANALISA (MIS) MATCH TENAGA KERJA DI ASIA TENGGARA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-149
Author(s):  
Aning Kesuma Putri ◽  
Ratu Eva Febriani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Match Model ◽  
Timor Leste ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

The mismatch between jobs and skills indicates the match model in the job market is not going well, which is referred to as (e.g.) labor match, which leads to overeducation and undereducation in the job market. This research was conducted to find the influence of growth, overeducation and undereducation on wages in Southeast Asia. The data used is secondary data sourced from https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/ data in 2010-2019, especially in 8 Southeast Asian countries consisting of Brunai Darusalam, Philippines, Laos, Indonesia, Cambodia, Thailand, Timor Leste and Vietnam. The results found that the workers with the highest undereducated levels were in Timor Laste, then Laos and Cambodia. Worker conditions in developing countries such as Southeast Asia have more undereducation conditions than overeducation. Economic growth, overeducation and undereducatio affect workers' wages. Keywords: overeducation, undereducation, mismatch, labor 

Recognising Biodiversity Conservation as a “Common Concern of Mankind”: A Legal Appraisal

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
Sharaban Tahura Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
International Community ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
National Sovereignty ◽  
Common Concern ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
The Common

By analysing the legal provisions of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and its Nagoya Protocol, this article focuses on the legal implications of recognising biodiversity conservation as a “common concern of mankind”. In this context, the “common concern” concept clearly involves precise environmental protection, through actions (and addressing resources) that transcend the territorial sovereignty of individual States; establish common responsibilities towards the international community; and develop international regulations and institutions to secure these objectives. When applied in this context, this concept poses a significant legal implication for national sovereignty and the international community. It restricts sovereignty by requiring States to meet a national-level version of the standard of due diligence, including by adopting laws, and developing strategic plans, as well as entering into partnership with local, indigenous communities, the private sector and international communities for their implementation. It also establishes among the States a “common but differentiated responsibility” towards the entire international community – a duty to cooperate and collaborate for the conservation of biodiversity. These legal implications have been subject to legal debates and challenges, especially when they require the setting of standards of due diligence applicable to all States and most particularly with regard to commitments they have made regarding technical and financial cooperation. It is clearly quite difficult to enforce such legal obligations precisely, particularly under the CBD’s regulatory regime. To uphold the “common concern” approach, all nations will need to participate and to accept both their respective differentiated responsibilities and the restrictions that this approach imposes on national sovereignty. The international regulatory regime also needs to develop a new compliance technique and enforcement mechanism. Such global responses and efforts are indispensable for sustaining life on earth.

scholarly journals Pteropine orthoreovirus: An important emerging virus causing infectious disease in the tropics?

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeh Fong Tan ◽  
Cheong Lieng Teng ◽  
Kaw Bing Chua ◽  
Kenny Voon
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Emerging Virus ◽  
The Tropics

Introduction: Pteropine orthoreovirus (PRV) is an emerging zoonotic respiratory virus that has spilled over from bats to humans. Though initially found only in bats, further case studies have found viable virus in ill patients. Methodology: PubMed was queried with the keywords of Nelson Bay orthoreovirus OR Pteropine orthoreovirus OR Melaka orthoreovirus OR Kampar orthoreovirus, and returned 17 hits. Results: Based on prevalence studies, the presence of PRV has been reported in Malaysia and Vietnam, both developing countries. Other case reports also provide further evidence of the presence of PRV in the Southeast Asian region. Despite the absence of PRV in their home countries, travellers from Hong Kong and Japan to Indonesia have returned to their countries ill with this virus, indicating that local communities in Indonesia might be affected by this virus. Conclusions: This work aims to bring to light this emerging zoonotic respiratory virus circulating among developing countries in Southeast Asia. To improve the understanding of PRV of the medical and scientific community in the Southeast Asian region, this work introduces the general features of PRV, reports of imported PRV, prevalence, and clinical features of PRV. Gaps in knowledge about PRV have also been identified in this work, and we hope that future studies can be undertaken to improve our understanding of this virus.

Trade openness and economic growth in the Asian region

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Imran Khan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Determinants Of Economic Growth

Purpose – This paper aims to focus on the Asian developing countries to examine the impact of trade openness on economic growth. Design/methodology/approach – Empirical analysis is carried out with the help of panel econometric techniques and two-stages least squares method. Findings – The results show that trade openness has contributed significantly to the growth process of the developing countries located in the Asian region. It is also found that domestic investment has influenced economic growth for the sampled countries. Further, the results show that human capital has adversely affected economic growth despite the fact that different proxy variables are used. Research limitations/implications – No positive relationship between education and economic growth could be established despite using different measures of education. However, this issue has been brought to the attention of researchers for further investigation. Practical implications – Developing countries located in the Asian region, therefore, are suggested to speed up the process of trade liberalization and also pay favourable attention to other determinants of economic growth to accelerate long-run economic growth. Originality/value – The results presented in the paper are original. Some insights about the impact of education on economic growth have been highlighted.

Cultural Heritage as ‘Common Concern’: Role of International Organizations and States

2021 ◽  
pp. 293-318
Author(s):  
Ana Filipa Vrdoljak
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
International Community ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
United Nations Educational ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
The Core ◽  
Common Concern ◽  
The Common

This chapter explores the evolution of cultural property as the ‘common concern’ of the international community by focusing on its protection during armed conflict and belligerent occupation. By focusing on the role of international organizations over the last century, it examines the development of the rationales for this protection and related obligations concerning safeguarding and prosecution of violations. It charts the drive to realize a specialist instrument on the protection of cultural property during armed conflict and the enforcement of these obligations through the various phases of the evolving membership and priorities of the Intellectual Cooperation Organisation (ICO) and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). It is shown that despite the changing fortunes of these specialist international culture organizations themselves, the core commitment by the international community to the articulation of the protection of cultural property during armed conflict as a common concern of humanity and the obligation to prosecute violators of these norms has strengthened over decades.

scholarly journals Review Update on Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine: A New Hope for Reduction of Pneumococcal Disease in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Jannatul Fardows ◽  
Abu Bakar Siddique ◽  
Nasren Farhana ◽  
Tasmine Binte Islam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Pentavalent Vaccine ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

Pneumococcal diseases are the common and widely distributed disease in the world. It causes various mortality and morbidity every year, mainly in the developing countries. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) is the new vaccine against all invasive pneumococcal diseases. PCV10 and PCV13 are the available preparation in worldwide. It is safe, highly antigenic and minimal side effects. In Bangladesh, PCV is included in EPI schedule from April 2015. The current preparation is Synforix PCV10, which is given intramuscularly with the pentavalent vaccine in EPI schedule. In conclusion, the assessment of PCV impact in Bangladesh requires national and regional level surveillance and the introduction of PCV in EPI will reduce the mortality and morbidity of the pneumococcal disease.Bangladesh J Infect Dis 2015;2(1):19-22

INSTITUTIONS’ IMPACT ON THE CORRUPTION–GROWTH NEXUS: NONLINEARITIES AND TRANSMISSION CHANNELS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Réda Marakbi ◽  
Camélia Turcu ◽  
Patrick Villieu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Endogenous Growth ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Panel Data Models ◽  
Endogenous Growth Model

AbstractWe analyze the channels through which institutional quality can impact the corruption–growth nexus. To do this, we develop an endogenous growth model and test its implications empirically, through panel data models using GMM and PSTR settings. Our sample consists of 136 developed and developing countries analyzed over the period 1984–2015. We show, both theoretically and empirically, that (i) the corruption–growth relation can be subject to nonlinearities highly influenced by countries’ institutional development; and (ii) private investment and public spending are two main channels through which institutional quality affects, positively or negatively, the relation between corruption and economic growth.

scholarly journals Vendor Industry: Revolution in Economic Growth

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Nisar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Paper Analysis ◽  
Foreign Assistance ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Grameen Bank ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Common

The developing countries with ample human resources can be the major benefactors of vendor industry. Such countries have high potential of using people, who otherwise may be fully or partially unemployed most of the time. Poor countries are not benefiting because of financial/material foreign assistance from rich countries. In fact, many of these countries are accumulating huge foreign debts without any trickledown effect to improve the economic welfare of the common person. Poor people because of lack of education and opportunities to earn income are forced to live with minimum of food intake and poor health facilities. Empowering the common person should be the ultimate aim where national resources are to be employed. This will necessarily mean reversing national priorities, which presently seem to have painfully neglected the welfare of the majority of people living in the poor countries. The suggested model in this Paper presents an approach similar to the one adopted by the Grameen Bank. The idea was to extend interest free small loans to the eligible families (having required skill and basic education) to do business on their own. However, all this is to be handled through the private sector, and monitored by the banking authorities for repayment of all those loans within a feasible period. This Paper provides strong justification for expanding vendor industry in developing countries on terms and conditions, which can motivate and provide incentives for the poor families to earn and live an honorable life of comfort and respect in the society. The Paper analysis the effectiveness of the western advocated theories of economic growth and suggests a complete turnaround in the philosophy of national resource use. The economic growth concept advocated in this Paper is built on the ground that the developing countries cannot benefit from the foreign assistance, rather the people (a valuable resource for the poor countries) in these countries need to be focused, educated, trained and provided with the opportunities to work and to do business in their specialized domain so that they can add value to the national product (GDP).

scholarly journals Taxation and Customs Reforms in Fragile States: Between Bargaining and Enforcement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Cantens ◽  
Gaël Raballand
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
State Building ◽  
International Community ◽  
Fragile States ◽  
Fiscal Institutions ◽  
Tax Systems ◽  
Resource Mobilisation ◽  
Domestic Resource

In the last decade, African authorities and the international community have called for support to increase taxation capacity in order to reduce reliance on aid flows. This commitment to support tax administrations was reflected in the 2015 Addis Tax Initiative (ATI), which advocated ‘to double assistance to developing countries in order to strengthen their tax systems and administrations’ by the year 2020 (IMF 2017: 6). Increasing domestic resource mobilisation is even more salient for state-building in fragile states, in terms of providing costly services to citizens, including security, across national territory. There is a rich literature (Acemoglu and Robinson 2012; Besley and Persson 2009) arguing that robust and inclusive fiscal institutions are essential for state-building and economic growth. This is not the situation in fragile states.

Global Restructuring, Knowledge and Learning

2004 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
E. Hershberg
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Global Restructuring ◽  
Intensive Exploitation ◽  
High Road

The influence of globalization on international competitiveness is considered in the article. Two strategies of economic growth are pointed out: the low road, that is producing more at lower cost and lower wages, with increasingly intensive exploitation of labor and environment, and the high road, that is upgrading capabilities in order to produce better basing on knowledge. Restrictions for developing countries trying to reach global competitiveness are formulated. Special attention is paid to the concept of upgrading and opportunities of joining transnational value chains. The importance of learning and forming social and political institutions for successful upgrading of the economy is stressed.

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