Analysis of Ramp Estimation Algorithms in Automatic Transmission

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 5268-5273
Author(s):  
Yuan Suo Tian ◽  
Zhi Zhong Ding ◽  
Qiong Wang ◽  
Bao Qun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Transmission ◽  
Simple Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acceleration Sensor ◽  
Estimation Algorithms ◽  
The Third ◽  
Longitudinal Acceleration ◽  
Output Torque ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Difference

Automatic transmission may produce busy shifting on uphill and downhill. This article analyzes three algorithms about the estimation of road ramp: the first using a longitudinal acceleration, the second using estimated output torque, and the third using the difference between two accelerations. The first method is more accurate than the other two, but it is more expensive because an additional acceleration sensor is needed. The second is more complicated and in some driving conditions, it could not estimate the output torque. The third is based on simple theory and inexpensive since no additional sensor is needed. Some simulation results of avoiding unnecessary gear-shifting are also presented in the paper.

Analysis of Ramp Estimation Algorithms in Automatic Transmission

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 3841-3846
Author(s):  
Yuan Suo Tian ◽  
Zhi Zhong Ding ◽  
Qiong Wang ◽  
Bao Qun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Transmission ◽  
Simple Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acceleration Sensor ◽  
Estimation Algorithms ◽  
The Third ◽  
Longitudinal Acceleration ◽  
Output Torque ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Difference

Automatic transmission may produce busy shifting on uphill and downhill. This article analyzes three algorithms about the estimation of road ramp: the first using a longitudinal acceleration, the second using estimated output torque, and the third using the difference between two accelerations. The first method is more accurate than the other two, but it is more expensive because an additional acceleration sensor is needed. The second is more complicated and in some driving conditions, it could not estimate the output torque. The third is based on simple theory and inexpensive since no additional sensor is needed. Some simulation results of avoiding unnecessary gear-shifting are also presented in the paper.

Distinction between Dolus and Culpa with reference to Arson in Zakon Sudnyj LJudem, the Vinodol Law and the Statute of Senj

De Jure ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Haman ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Better Than

The difference between intent (dolus) and negligence (culpa) was rarely emphasized in codified medieval laws and regulations. When compared to the legal statements related to intent, negligence was mentioned even more rarely. However, there are some laws that distinguished between the two concepts in terms of some specific crimes, such as arson. This paper draws attention to three medieval Slavic legal documents – the Zakon Sudnyj LJudem (ZSLJ), the Vinodol Law and the Statute of Senj. They are compared with reference to regulations regarding arson, with the focus being on arson as a crime committed intentionally or out of negligence. The ZSLJ as the oldest known Slavic law in the world shows some similarities with other medieval Slavic legal codes, especially in the field of criminal law, since most of the ZSLJ’s articles are related to criminal law. On the other hand, the Vinodol Law is the oldest preserved Croatian law and it is among the oldest Slavic codes in the world. It was written in 1288 in the Croatian Glagolitic script and in the Croatian Chakavian dialect. The third document – the Statute of Senj – regulated legal matters in the Croatian littoral town of Senj. It was written in 1388 – exactly a century after the Vinodol Law was proclaimed. When comparing the Vinodol Law and the Statute of Senj with the Zakon Sudnyj LJudem, there are clear differences and similarities, particularly in the field of criminal law. Within the framework of criminal offenses, the act of arson is important for making a distinction between intent and negligence. While the ZSLJ regulates different levels of guilt, the Vinodol Law makes no difference between dolus and culpa. On the other hand, the Statute of Senj strictly refers to negligence as a punishable crime. Even though the ZSLJ is almost half a millennium older than the Statute of Senj and around 400 years older than the Vinodol Law, this paper proves that the ZSLJ defines the guilt and the punishment for arson much better than the other two laws.

scholarly journals Euripidés Médeiájának magyar fordításairól

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anikó Polgár
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Professional Background ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Final Goal ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Textual Strategies

This study is dealing with two Hungarian translations of Euripides’ Medea. The translation made by Grácia Kerényi was produced in the second half of the 20th century, whereas the version by Zsuzsa Rakovszky was published at the beginning of the 21st. The difference between the translations regarding their textual strategies, the professional background of the translators and the final goal of the works is abysmal. Grácia Kerényi was an expert of ancient literatures, her translation was published in the official and renowned collection of Euripides’ work, Zsuzsa Rakovszky on the other hand translates predominantly from English, and her version was inspired by the request of the theatre. The study contains three parts: in the first the author analyses Kerényi’s Medea in the context of the philological reconstruction, in the second, the author examines the same text modified and revised by Fruzsina Magyar, who was the dramatic advisor of the theatre performance in Szolnok, and the third part reflects on the problems of validity, poetical force and immediacy in the translation of Zsuzsa Rakovszky.

scholarly journals Multipath Ghost Suppression Based on Generative Adversarial Nets in Through-Wall Radar Imaging

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Jia ◽  
Ruiyuan Song ◽  
Shengyi Chen ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Yong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Truth ◽  
Radar Imaging ◽  
The Other ◽  
Output Image ◽  
Adversarial Networks ◽  
Ground Truth Image ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Image Difference

In this paper, we propose an approach that uses generative adversarial nets (GAN) to eliminate multipath ghosts with respect to through-wall radar imaging (TWRI). The applied GAN is composed of two adversarial networks, namely generator G and discriminator D. Generator G learns the spatial characteristics of an input radar image to construct a mapping from an input to output image with suppressed ghosts. Discriminator D evaluates the difference (namely, the residual multipath ghosts) between the output image and the ground-truth image without multipath ghosts. On the one hand, by training G, the image difference is gradually diminished. In other words, multipath ghosts are increasingly suppressed in the output image of G. On the other hand, D is trained to improve in evaluating the diminishing difference accompanied with multipath ghosts as much as possible. These two networks, G and D, fight with each other until G eliminates the multipath ghosts. The simulation results demonstrate that GAN can effectively eliminate multipath ghosts in TWRI. A comparison of different methods demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method, such as the exemption of prior wall information, no target images with degradation, and robustness for different scenes.

Verbal Inflection: A Contrastive Analysis on English and Turkish

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti - Sa'diah
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Verbal Inflection ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
The Difference

Abstract This study aimed to investigate differences and similarities of English and Turkish verbal inflection. It was limited on verbal inflection of the three common tenses which are present, past, and future. The data used in this study were gained from both library and field research. The field research conducted was interview to two informants having background as Turkish teachers and one informant as a learner studying Turkish. The result showed that English and Turkish verbal inflections had differences and similarities. The difference was English verbal inflections were occured in Simple Present Tense and Simple Past while Turkish verbal inflections were occured in the three tenses present which is called by Şimdiki Zaman, past which is called by Geçmiş Zaman, and future which is called by Gelecek Zaman. The other difference was on the affixes used to transform the inflection. Turkish had more affixes than English. Whereas, the similarity appeared on the rules in which the process of affix inflection depends on the subjects used. This similarity was only occured on Simple Present Tense in English in which the inflected verb refered to the subject (the third singular person). Keywords: Verbal inflection, English, Turkish, Contrastive analysis

scholarly journals The effect of the use of the jurists for Alfasid and Albatil in the acts of worship on Juristic Issues

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ali Mohammed Abdullah Al - Shankiti Ali Mohammed Abdullah Al - Shankiti
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Linguistic Meaning ◽  
Conventional Meaning ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

This research deals with the difference between for Alfasid and Albatil. The researcher compares and prefers what appeared to him after investigation and inference. This research aims to indicate the meaning of Alfasid and Albatil, and based on the definition of a difference between jurists and speakers. This research aims to edit the difference between Alfasid and Albatil in the acts of worship on the four doctrines. And the impact on the branches of jurisprudence. This research has an introduction and two chapters: Chapter I: In a statement of the meaning of Alfasid and Albatil: and under three topics: The first topic: the linguistic meaning. The second topic: the conventional meaning. The third topic: the difference between jurists and speakers in the definition of Alfasid and Albatil. Chapter 2: The difference between Alfasid and Albatil at the four schools of worship. The first topic is: Alfasid and Albatil in the Hanafi and its impact on the jurisprudential branches. The second topic: Alfasid and Albatil in the other schools and its impact on the branches of jurisprudence. The third topic: the impact of the difference between the Hanafi and the other schools in achieving the difference between Alfasid and Albatil in worship.

scholarly journals The Pilgrims' Method in Proving Baath in Noble Systems between Al-Makki and Al-Mady is an Analytical Synagogue: أسلوب الحِجَاج في إثبات البعث في النظم الكريم بين المكي والمدني: دراسة بلاغية تحليلية

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Ali Mohammad Al-Shahri
Keyword(s):  
Research Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rhetorical Value ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
The Way

This research is entitled "Pilgrims' Method in Proving Baath between Mekki and Medani" This study shows the way pilgrims practice in the noble systems, especially since this method is represented in most important issues that the regimes wanted to decide in souls, including the case of proving Baath, and the denial of the other day was of bad humiliation, so the pilgrims came to prove the other day in accordance with the intentions of Al-Maki and Al-Madni, and in accordance with the context of each Sura. The study was carried out within the framework of the analytical descriptive method, and the research dealt with a brief introduction of research, the researcher's approach, and the research problem, and the research was divided into six discussions: The first research explained the concept of pilgrims, and presented its rhetorical value, and the second study showed the difference between the Holy Quran and the third research that started on two verses of the Holy Qur'an in his argument to prove the Baath, and then showed how the fourth was discussed

scholarly journals Emotional reactions of the respondents compared to different ways of perceiving the square in front of the WICA building of the Lublin University of Technology

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Olga Skoczylas
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

The article presents a description of the research method and the results of research regarding the difference in the reception of space depending on the way it is perceived. The research concerned one space (the square in front of the building of the Eastern Innovative Centre of Architecture at the Lublin University of Technology) and three different reception methods. One group of respondents was physically in the square, the other group virtually – with the use of virtual reality (VR) technologies, and the third one saw only pictures of the square. Each group of respondents chose the emotions with which they identified most from the semantic scale developed for this study. The results of the groups were compared, and the conclusions were presented in the summary. The study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of using VR technology and photographs to study emotions that a given space evokes in its recipients.

scholarly journals Explaining Reasons

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Heuer
Keyword(s):  
Close Relation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reasons For Action ◽  
Alternative Account ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Buck Passing ◽  
In Virtue Of ◽  
Conceptual Link

The buck-passing account of values offers an explanation of the close relation of values and reasons for action: of why it is that the question whether something that is of value provides reasons is not ”open.” Being of value simply is, its defenders claim, a property that something has in virtue of its having other reason-providing properties. The generic idea of buck-passing is that the property of being good or being of value does not provide reasons. It is other properties that do. There are, however, at least three versions of the account which differ in their understanding of those “other properties.” The first two versions both assume that non-normative properties provide reasons, the difference being that the second allows that normative properties also provide reasons. Both run into difficulties, which I explain, in trying to defend the claim that non-normative properties provide reasons for action. The third version of the buck-passing account which explains being of value in terms of more specific evaluative properties that are reason-providing remains unpersuasive as well. Once we understand the relation between general and specific properties as a difference in degree, there is no space for a reduction of the one kind of properties to the other. In section II I sketch an alternative account of the relation between reasons and values, which is based on a thesis that I call the Conceptual Link and the claim that values are not just co-extensive with reasons, but explain them.

Can One Use Cohen’s Kappa to Examine Disagreement?

Methodology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander von Eye ◽  
Maxine von Eye
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Frequency Model ◽  
The Third ◽  
Scale Unit ◽  
Cohen's Kappa ◽  
Cross Tabulation ◽  
Simulation Results

Abstract. This research discusses the use of Cohen’s κ (kappa), Brennan and Prediger’s κn, and the coefficient of raw agreement for the examination of disagreement. Three scenarios are considered. The first involves all disagreement cells in a rater × rater cross-tabulation. The second involves one of the triangles of disagreement cells. The third involves the cells that indicate disagreement by one (ordinal) scale unit. For each of these three scenarios, coefficients of disagreement in the form of κ equivalents are derived. The behavior of the coefficients of disagreement in the three situations is studied. The first and the third case pose no particular problem. The κ equivalents and the other coefficients can be interpreted as usual. In the second case, problems arise such that the range of disagreement κs is restricted because the tables are incomplete. Thus, the standard log-frequency model of rater independence is no longer applicable. When the more general models of quasi-independence are used, negative degrees of freedom can result for smaller tables. Simulation results illustrate the characteristics of the coefficients of disagreement for each of the three scenarios. Empirical data examples are given.

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