Conceptual silencing as a rhetorical tool. A cognitive lexical semantics study of the lexical item Europe

Taking a cognitive lexical semantics perspective, the article introduces the concept of conceptual silencing as a rhetorical tool. Understood as a process of conceptual dissolution of meaning to offer a more coarse-grained sense of an expression, conceptual silencing is demonstrated to have a potential rhetorical value in that it allows for more opaque reproduction of ideology. From a cognitive linguistic standpoint, the process of conceptual silencing hinges upon a polysemous nature of a lexical item and boils down to triggering a given sense of a given lexical item in a given context. To illustrate the workings of conceptual silencing, the article reports on a case study of the lexical item Europe in the Guardian press discourse. It is demonstrated that the ultimate effect of conceptual silencing is silencing the ‘European Union’ senses under the guise of the lexical item Europe.

Editors’ Introduction

By taking as a point of departure post-1945 self-proclaimed anti-fascist movements, whose claim to combat fascism has often been discarded as politically irrelevant or bombastic, this introduction invites readers to speculate on the rhetorical value implied in the word fascism. Although the term carries within it an almost abysmal capacity for political oversimplification, we argue that it also possesses an undeniable rhetorical value whose function as a catalyst for action against forms of political, economic, and social oppression deserves our attention. In the first part of this introduction we offer a brief but salient overview on the historiography dedicated to defining fascism and on current debates surrounding the recent rise of the radical right on the world stage. In the second part, we address the relatively smaller attention received by anti-fascism post-1945 and discuss possible reasons for why that has been the case. We conclude by showing how the articles collected in this issue invite us to rethink our definitions of fascism and anti-fascism so that we can better understand our current political time.

Ontological Cognitive Metaphor of Love in English Songs of the Late 20th Century from Cognitive Perspective

The paper provides an overview of the linguistic theory relevant to cognitive metaphor and shed light into ontological metaphors of love in songs. The writer found out typical metaphorical images of love in the famous English love songs of the late 20th century from cognitive prospective. There are 86 cited sentences from 68 love songs used with 16 metaphorical expressions of three types of metaphor: structural metaphors, orientational metaphors and ontological metaphors in which ontological metaphor was focused to analyze. That how these metaphorical images are explored in the songs with the cognitive and rhetorical value can offer a new look into literary and linguistics. In addition, the writer recommends strategies in finding out, comprehending and analyzing this type of metaphor in various contexts as well as suggests some suitable ways for readers to apply metaphor in writing texts more effectively.

The Pilgrims' Method in Proving Baath in Noble Systems between Al-Makki and Al-Mady is an Analytical Synagogue: أسلوب الحِجَاج في إثبات البعث في النظم الكريم بين المكي والمدني: دراسة بلاغية تحليلية

This research is entitled "Pilgrims' Method in Proving Baath between Mekki and Medani" This study shows the way pilgrims practice in the noble systems, especially since this method is represented in most important issues that the regimes wanted to decide in souls, including the case of proving Baath, and the denial of the other day was of bad humiliation, so the pilgrims came to prove the other day in accordance with the intentions of Al-Maki and Al-Madni, and in accordance with the context of each Sura. The study was carried out within the framework of the analytical descriptive method, and the research dealt with a brief introduction of research, the researcher's approach, and the research problem, and the research was divided into six discussions: The first research explained the concept of pilgrims, and presented its rhetorical value, and the second study showed the difference between the Holy Quran and the third research that started on two verses of the Holy Qur'an in his argument to prove the Baath, and then showed how the fourth was discussed

STRUCTURAL METAPHOR OF LOVE IN ENGLISH SONGS IN THE LATE 20TH CENTURY FROM STYLISTIC AND COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVES

Metaphor is a powerful linguistic device for musicians to write love songs. Through love songs, metaphor is understood and studied more interestingly and effectively. The paper identified distinctive linguistic features of metaphors as well as interpreted the metaphorical images of love in the songs. The data for analysis are the samples randomly taken from English love songs in the late 20th century. There are 68 songs used with 80 verses included in the corpus for analysis. All the collected data were qualitatively and quantitatively processed. In this paper, the metaphorical images in the songs were classified into three different kinds, namely structural metaphors, ontological metaphor, and orientational metaphors, of which the number of structural one ranks the first. The writer analyzed 46 structural metaphors to find out conceptual meaning transference from the vehicles to the tenors from cognitive perspectives and the rhetorical value distributed to songs from stylistic perspectives. Finally, the implication for learning, teaching and translating metaphor was presented.

Inhalt

Abhandlungen und Aufsätze Michael Jülich, Der verzerrte Spiegel der Normativität. Eine transzendentalphilosophische Neukonzeption der Grundnorm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Damian Schmidt, Motivation, Moralität und Typizität im Schenkungsrecht . . . . . 155 Friederike Knoke und Eva Barlösius, Regeln zum Umgang mit Forschungsdaten und die Wissenschaftsfreiheit. Eine Analyse auf der Grundlage empirischer Ergebnisse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Berichte und Kritik Fábio Perin Shecaira and Noel Struchiner, Audience Diversity and the Rhetorical Value of Public Reason . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Karl Eckhart Heinz, Landrecht und Lehnrecht aus verfassungstheoretischer Sicht. Das Wesen des Heiligen Römischen Reichs deutscher Nation . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Dietmar Willoweit, Klaus Adomeit zum Gedenken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Dimitrios Ladas, Das Wirken von Klaus Adomeit in Griechenland. Oder: Die humanistische Denkweise von Klaus Adomeit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Buchbesprechung ATreatise of Legal Philosophy and General Jurisprudence. Book Series. With Enrico Pattaro (Editor-in-Chief); Gerald J. Postema/Peter G. Stein (Associate Editors); Antonino Rotolo (Assistant Editor) and Individual Authors Responsible for Individual Volumes (Raimo Siltala) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Audience Diversity and the Rhetorical Value of Public Reason

Here is a brief summary of the main points of the paper: 1. The supposed tension between public reason and rhetorical persuasion. Rhetorical theorists often regard public reason as rationalistic and artificial. It is accused of ignoring the expectations of actual audiences and rejecting persuasive strategies that, in addition to being common in political discourse, can be utilized in non-fallacious and non-coercive ways. 2. The rhetorical value of public reason. We have argued against the sharp contrast between public reason and rhetoric. We have tried to show that abiding by – and explicitly invoking – public reason may be an effective persuasive strategy (indeed the most obvious strategy) for persuading as many individuals as possible in contexts of audience diversity. 3. The relation between public reason and logos. The rhetorical value of public reason is often denied because it is seen as being obsessed with logos. But public reason does make room for various persuasive strategies, such as narrative, so long as they do not violate the basic condition of avoiding the affirmation of contentious ideologies and worldviews. 4. A caveat. The rhetorical side of public reason was insufficiently explored by Rawls and other political liberals. The main ambition of this paper was not to propose anewinterpretation of any text by Rawls and other liberals, but to argue that the notion of public reason can be presented in a way that – true to its purpose of checking sectarianism in political discourse – is not fundamentally at odds with contemporary rhetorical theory.

Obraz Polski i Polaków w przemówieniu D. Trumpa (6 lipca 2017 roku w Warszawie)

The paper analyses US president Donald Trump’s speech delivered in Warsaw on 6th July 2017. The authors signal various opinions of the media about the visit (framing), discuss the setting of the speech (place, time and listeners) and present the structure and the content of the speech. The presi- dent’s address consisted of three parts: the introduction included an elaborate emotional greeting, the main body was multifaceted and the ending was a set of wishes for Poles with a nal blessing. The speaker emphasized the close relationship of the two nations, praised Poles for their bravery during the Warsaw Uprising and enumerated a set of universal values respected in European coun- tries. He also evoked the notion of the world peace. The president employed a variety of speech genres, such as appeals, wishes, threats, promises and questions. The present authors recognize the rhetorical value of the presidential address.

‘A funny thing laughter, what’s it for?’: Humour and Form in Lessing’s Fiction

The notion of Lessing, as Joan Didion once wrote, as a ‘didactic’ writer implies that her writing cannot be funny. But if the radical otherness of her outlook as a former colonial subject prevents some readers from laughing, Lessing’s use of humour, as a dialogic modality, brings awareness to problems otherwise denied or unrecognized. In her early fiction, humour takes on a conventional, social-realist function, drawing on the novel’s historical connections to the genre of satire. The limits of novelistic satire become apparent in The Golden Notebook (1962), however, and, from this impasse, Lessing’s humour moves towards an alternative, therapeutic mode in order to engage with such emerging concerns as ecological catastrophe and social collapse. After explicitly reconsidering the rhetorical value of humour in The Four-Gated City (1969) and the short story ‘A Report on the Threatened City’ (1971), Lessing incorporates enigmatically humorous moments into The Summer Before the Dark (1973) and The Memoirs of a Survivor (1974). As these works take greater distance from the Western novel tradition, they embrace the subtly dialogic method of the Sufi teaching story, which informs the absurd but instructive anecdotes of colonial Rhodesia in Lessing’s 1985 lecture,‘Prisons We Choose to Live Inside.’