Discussion on Operation Mode of Long Distances Gravity-Fed Pressure Diversion Project

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 7125-7130
Author(s):  
Man Lin Zhu ◽  
Yan He Zhang ◽  
Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Operation Mode ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Pipe Length ◽  
Hydraulic Conditions ◽  
Fluid Transients ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Better Than

The characteristics of long distance gravity-fed pressure water-conveying projects are long pipe length, huge changes in rise and down of pipeline arrangement, and complex hydraulic conditions. It is the water hammer that mainly influences the safe operation of such projects. Based on a real long distance gravity-fed pressure water conveying pipeline system, fluid transients processes under different operation modes were analyzed by using the method of characteristics. The pipeline longitudinal arrangement is high in two ends and low in the middle part. The research puts forward that for such pipeline arrangement using valve set in the midway of the pipeline to control the system is evidently better than that of valve at the downstream end of pipeline. In this way, pipeline working pressure can be effectively reduced, in turn, the pipe pressure grade can be decreased and the investment of the project can be reduced.

Compressor Issues for Hydrogen Production and Transmission Through a Long Distance Pipeline Network

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Starr ◽  
Calin-Cristian Cormos ◽  
Evangelos Tzimas ◽  
Stathis Peteves
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Plant Exit

A hydrogen energy system will require the production of hydrogen from coal-based gasification plants and its transmission through long distance pipelines at 70 � 100 bar. To overcome some problems of current gasifiers, which are limited in pressure capability, two options are explored, in-plant compression of the syngas and compression of the hydrogen at the plant exit. It is shown that whereas in-plant compression using centrifugal machines is practical, this is not a solution when compressing hydrogen at the plant exit. This is because of the low molecular weight of the hydrogen. It is also shown that if centrifugal compressors are to be used in a pipeline system, pressure drops will need to be restricted as even an advanced two-stage centrifugal compressor will be limited to a pressure ratio of 1.2. High strength steels are suitable for the in-plant compressor, but aluminium alloy will be required for a hydrogen pipeline compressor.

Effectiveness of Ultraviolet Light For Mitigating Risk of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in Steel Pipeline

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. F. M. Ali ◽  
N. Md. Noor ◽  
N. Yahaya ◽  
A. A. Bakar ◽  
M. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Desulfovibrio Vulgaris ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Steel Pipeline

Pipelines play an extremely important role in the transportation of gases and liquids over long distance throughout the world. Internal corrosion due to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is one of the major integrity problems in oil and gas industry and is responsible for most of the internal corrosion in transportation pipelines. The presence of microorganisms such as sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) in pipeline system has raised deep concern within the oil and gas industry. Biocide treatment and cathodic protection are commonly used to control MIC. However, the solution is too expensive and may create environmental problems by being too corrosive. Recently, Ultraviolet (UV) as one of the benign techniques to enhance mitigation of MIC risk in pipeline system has gained interest among researchers. An amount of 100 ml of modified Baar’s medium and 5 ml of Desulfovibrio vulgaris (strain 7577) seeds was grown in 125 ml anaerobic vials with carbon steel grade API 5L-X70 coupons at the optimum temperature of 37°C and pH 9.5 for fifteen days. This was then followed by exposing the medium to UV for one hour. Results from present study showed that UV radiation has the ability to disinfect bacteria, hence minimizing the risk of metal loss due to corrosion in steel pipeline. 

scholarly journals Optimized Multiresidue Analysis of Organic Contaminants of Priority Concern in a Daily Consumed Fish (Grass Carp)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei He ◽  
Yanru Chen ◽  
Chen Yang ◽  
Wenxiu Liu ◽  
Xiangzhen Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Better Than

The organic contaminants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are of priority concern because of their persistence, toxicity, and long-distance transportation in global environment. Their residues in a daily consumed fish (grass carp) pose potential threat to human health and aquatic ecosystems. The present study optimized an analytical protocol of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), lip-removal by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), cleanup by solid phase cartridge (SC) or adsorption chromatography column (CC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Besides traditional statistical parameters, some indicators were calculated to judge the performances of extraction by various methods. The optimization experiment showed that n-hexane/acetone was the best MEA extraction solvent; an optimal fraction time of 10–39 min could simultaneously elute all the target chemicals in a single GPC run. Both CC and SC showed good recoveries. However, CC performed better than SC (p<0.05) for OCPs, and SC performed better than CC for PBDEs (p<0.05). We also emphasized the limitations and advantages of SC and CC and finally proposed SC as the promising cleanup method because of its low-cost materials, time-saving steps, being free of manual filling, and operation by automated SPE system.

Dynamics of a Large Scale Hydraulic Capsule Pipeline System

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongliu Du ◽  
Satish S. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Column Separation ◽  
In Series ◽  
Hydraulic Capsule Pipeline

The dynamics of a booster station, which is critical for the control of a novel, long distance, hydraulic capsule pipeline, is simulated mathematically for design studies and control of the hydraulic transients caused by the valve actuators in the system. Several modifications to the pump bypass station configuration of the booster station have been studied. With the objective of eliminating column separation and reducing flow reversals, a configuration with several centrifugal pumps connected in series, and a carefully sized air chamber is found to be a viable design. A valve control method is designed to eliminate column separation and the design results in acceptable flow reversal levels in the main pipe. The simulation results match with trends in limited experimental studies performed on a small scale experimental capsule pipeline system.

Basic Strategy of Health Monitoring on Submarine Pipeline by Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Liang Jin ◽  
Jian-Wen Shao ◽  
En-Yong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
Fiber Sensor ◽  
Gas Transfer ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Submarine Pipeline ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
Distributed Optical Fiber

Submarine pipeline system is a main pattern in collection and transmission of offshore oil and gas, which sends oil and gas from offshore oil/gas field to land, and it plays an important role in the production of oil and gas. Because of the complicated and harsh condition in which pipeline system works, such as impulsion, corrosion and free-spanning vibration, failure of submarine pipeline system occurs occasionally, it causes oil leakage, environment pollution and economic losses. Health monitoring is a feasible and effective manner to ensure submarine pipeline safe and reliable during service, especially when all factors affecting pipeline failure are not still entirely realized or controlled. The basic strategy of a new real-time monitoring system for long distance submarine pipeline is introduced in this paper, which has the function of diagnosis and auto-alarm. In this system, a new distributed optical fiber sensor (DOFS), which uses optical time domain reflectometry theory based on Brillouin backscatter, is applied to monitor the strain and temperature along the pipeline. To be used for long distance submarine pipeline, this system applies Wavelength Division Multiplex (WDM) technology and series DOFSs in series so as to extend the measure scope for long distance submarine pipeline. By using signal processing system to analyze the outcome data of sensor, the strain along the pipeline can be obtained. If the strain reaches the alarm setting, the system will send out caution and meanwhile accurately give the damage position. The system can also analyses vibration frequency of pipeline, if free-spanning vibration occurs, caution will also be given, so that the operator can take some measures in time to avoid the failure of pipeline. In this paper, the makeup of distributed optical fiber sensor and developing principle are specified, system development, application and construction in engineering are analyzed as well. The brand new practical system can not only be used for submarine oil and gas pipeline but also for land oil and gas transfer system, city coal gas transfer system, electricity-transmission cable and so on. This system can be widely used in many prospects of other industries.

Theoretical and Experimental Research on a Pressure-Reducing Valve for a Water Hydraulic Vane Pump

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Luo ◽  
Xiaofeng He ◽  
Ben Den ◽  
Xing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Vane Pump ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Valve Body ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Water Hydraulic ◽  
Leakage Characteristics ◽  
Pressure Reducing Valve

In order to control the high PV value between the vanes and the cam ring in a water hydraulic vane pump, a pressure-reducing valve with a constant pressure ratio was developed in this study. The pressure and leakage characteristics of the valve were theoretically analyzed by simulation and the experiments were also conducted based on the valve prototype. The theoretical analysis agrees well with the experimental results. Further, these results reveal that the pressure ratio of the valve decreases to the design value with the increasing working pressure. Additionally, the leakage of the valve rises simultaneously with the increasing working pressure and can be reduced significantly by decreasing the clearance between the valve body and the spool. The presented research not only proves the successful development of the pressure-reducing valve but also lays a foundation for the investigation of a high-pressure water hydraulic vane pump.

Processing and Properties of ZA-27 Alloy Metal Matrix Hybrid Composite Reinforced with Nanonitrides

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1A) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Fadhil A. Hashim ◽  
Niveen J. Abdulkader ◽  
Kateralnada F. Hisham
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fluid Flows ◽  
Free Vibrations ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Pipe Length ◽  
General Internal ◽  
Fluid Parameter ◽  
Flow Induced Vibrations

In general, internal vibrations within the pipelines caused by fluids being passing through a pipeline system can cause. These pipeline system can damage by the sudden amplified vibrations that were not considered at the design of the system, and flow induced vibrations resonate with the pipes natural frequency. Therefore, it is important to predict and identify the pipeline system vibrations during its lifetime. In this study by using MATLAB code as a CFD solver, it studied the forced and free vibrations caused by fluid flows at Reynolds number ranged as 0 < Re < 2500 for laminar flow and ranged as 104 < Re < 105 for turbulent flow. The working fluid has chosen as of (Al2O3, TiO2, SiO2 and water) with different nanoparticle volume fraction of (0 to 2% vol.). These fluids flow in simply supported pipe with different lengths and diameters. The results presented the effect of pipe and fluid parameter upon the fluid critical velocity and fundamental natural frequencies. The results showed that the pipe natural frequency increased with increasing with decreasing the pipe length and diameter. In addition, it showed that the pipe natural frequency decreased when using the different nanoparticle depressed in the water and with increasing the volume fraction.

Numerical Study of Effect of Using Nanofluids Flowing in Simply Supported Pipes on Vibrations Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1A) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Kadhum A. Jehhef ◽  
Mohamed A. Siba ◽  
Hayder S. Abdulamir
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Free Vibrations ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Pipe Length ◽  
Simply Supported ◽  
General Internal ◽  
Flow Induced Vibrations

In general, internal vibrations within the pipelines caused by fluids being passing through a pipeline system can cause. These pipeline system can damage by the sudden amplified vibrations that weren’t considered at the design of the system, and flow induced vibrations resonate with the pipes natural frequency. Therefore, it is important to predict and identify the pipeline system vibrations during its lifetime. In this study by using MATLAB code as a CFD solver, it studied the forced and free vibrations caused by fluid flows at Reynolds number ranged as 0 < Re < 2500 for laminar flow and ranged as 104 < Re < 105 for turbulent flow. The working fluid has chosen as of (Al2O3, TiO2, SiO2 and water) with different nanoparticle volume fraction of (0 to 2% vol.). These fluids flow in simply supported pipe with different lengths and diameters. The results presented the effect of pipe and fluid parameter upon the fluid critical velocity and fundamental natural frequencies. The results showed that the pipe natural frequency increased with increasing with decreasing the pipe length and diameter. In addition, it showed that the pipe natural frequency decreased when using the different nanoparticle depressed in the water and with increasing the volume fraction.

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