Influence of Surface Properties of Carbon Fibers Biofilm Carriers on Immobilization of Different Microorganisms

Results of our workgroups have shown that carbon fibers (CFs) are high quality biofilm carriers with well biocompatibility relative to other polymer carriers used in biofilm sewage treatment. In the present study, two kinds of microorganisms, namely, aerobic nitrifier and facultative aerobic denitrifying bacterium, were immobilized on the surface of different CFs, which the effects of specific area, functional groups and wettability on immobilization of these bacteria was studied. Results show that different microorganism require for different surface properties of CFs. Biomass of immobilized aerobic nitrifier increases with increasing specific areas, surface oxygenic functional groups and wettability of CFs. It can be immobilized more facultative aerobic denitrifying bacterium if there are proper specific areas, surface functional oxygenic group and wettability on the surface of CFs

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Influence of Surface Properties of Carbon Fibers Biofilm Carriers on Immobilization of Different Microorganisms

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/scientific5/amr.446-449.2844 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 446-449 ◽

pp. 2844-2847

Author(s):

Zhao Kun Ma ◽

Jie Liu ◽

Huai He Song

Keyword(s):

Surface Properties ◽

Carbon Fibers ◽

Biofilm Carriers

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Constructed reed beds: appropriate technology for small communities

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1995.0156 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 339-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. B. Green ◽

J. Upton

Keyword(s):

Sewage Treatment ◽

Appropriate Technology ◽

Great Promise ◽

High Quality ◽

Reed Beds ◽

Small Communities ◽

Operational Information ◽

Reed Bed ◽

Small Sites ◽

Very High

Reed bed treatment is put in the context of a major water company’s need to provide reliable, high quality, effluents from small sewage treatment works whilst seeking to minimise running costs. Design and operational information is given for reed bed applications in Severn Trent Water. Performance details are provided for application to secondary, tertiary and storm overflow treatment. The results give particular confidence in the system’s ability to deliver very high quality effluents when used for tertiary treatment, the company’s biggest application. Reed beds work well against less demanding criteria for secondary treatment at small sites and show great promise for storm overflow treatment.

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Selective determination of non-biodegradable polar, organic pollutants in waste water related to functional groups using flow injection combined with tandem mass spectrometry

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1996.0597 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 34 (7-8) ◽

pp. 21-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

H. Fr. Schröder

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽

Functional Groups ◽

Organic Pollutants ◽

Molar Mass ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Tandem Mass ◽

Screening Process ◽

Selective Determination ◽

Characteristic Fragment

Effluents of biological sewage treatment plants mainly contain non-biodegradable, polar, organic pollutants of biogenic and anthropogenic origin. This paper presents a substance-specific determination method for these compounds, which are partly able to reach drinking water during the soil filtration process. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) combined with softly ionizing interfaces is applied for this purpose. The behaviour of the functional groups of these pollutants - forming characteristic fragment ions under MS/MS conditions and abstracting neutral particles - is used for detection. With help from this screening process on specific functional groups it is possible to establish the presence of substance groups with similar behaviour in the aquatic environment. Additionally this analytical procedure provides information on the molar mass of the pollutants detected. In a second step the compounds characterized by the molar mass and belonging to a group of pollutants with specific functional groups can be identified using MS/MS.

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Surface and Composite Interface of Carbon Fiber Modified by Grafting of Diethanolamine

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.497 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 79-82 ◽

pp. 497-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lei Chen ◽

Zhi Wei Xu ◽

Jia Lu Li ◽

Xiao Qing Wu ◽

Li Chen

Keyword(s):

Shear Strength ◽

Carbon Fiber ◽

Functional Groups ◽

Carbon Fibers ◽

Irradiation Dose ◽

Interlaminar Shear Strength ◽

Epoxy Composites ◽

Composite Interface ◽

Γ Ray ◽

Interlaminar Shear

The γ-ray co-irradiation method was employed to study the effect of diethanolamine modification on the surface of carbon fiber (CF) and the interfacial properties of CF/epoxy composites. Compared with the original carbon fiber, the surface of modified fibers became rougher. The amount of oxygen-containing functional groups was increased and the nitrogen element was detected after irradiation grafting. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of composites reinforced by carbon fibers irradiated in diethanolamine solution was increased and then decreased as the irradiation dose increased. The ILSS of CF/epoxy composites was enhanced by 16.1% at 200kGy dose, compared with that of untreated one. The γ-ray irradiation grafting is expected to be a promising method for the industrialized modification of carbon fibers.

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A Study of Surface Modification on Adsorption Behaviors of Nanoporous Carbon

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.119.211 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 119 ◽

pp. 211-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Byeoung Ku Kim ◽

Young Seak Lee ◽

Seung Kon Ryu ◽

Byung Joo Kim ◽

Soo Jin Park

Keyword(s):

Nitric Acid ◽

Functional Groups ◽

Carbon Fibers ◽

Acid Treatment ◽

Surface Acidity ◽

Activated Carbon Fibers ◽

Adsorption Behaviors ◽

Toxic Gases ◽

Adsorption Amount ◽

Polar Functional Groups

In this work, to introduce polar functional groups on carbon surfaces, activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were treated by nitric acid in order to enhance the adsorption capacity of propylamine which was one of toxic gases in cigarette smoke. It was found that the polar functional groups were predominantly increased up to 2.0 M of nitric acid, resulting in the increase of total surface acidity. It was found that the adsorption amount of propylamine of the modified ACFs was increased around 17% after a nitric acid treatment. From the XPS results, it was observed that propylamine was reacted with strong or weak polar (acidic) groups, such as COOH, -COO or OH existed on the ACF surfaces.

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Surface properties of carbon fibers and surface treatment to carbon fivers for reinforcing aluminum.

Bulletin of the Japan Institute of Metals ◽

10.2320/materia1962.28.652 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 28 (8) ◽

pp. 652-658

Author(s):

Akio Shindo ◽

Kuniaki Honjo

Keyword(s):

Surface Treatment ◽

Surface Properties ◽

Carbon Fibers

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Combined effect of nitrogen-doped functional groups and porosity of porous carbons on electrochemical performance of supercapacitors

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-97932-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anna Ilnicka ◽

Malgorzata Skorupska ◽

Mariusz Szkoda ◽

Zuzanna Zarach ◽

Piotr Kamedulski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Performance ◽

Specific Surface ◽

Functional Groups ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Electrochemical Behaviour ◽

Porous Carbons ◽

Nitrogen Doped ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Area Functional ◽

Nitrogen Contents

AbstractIn this work, nitrogen-doped porous carbons obtained from chitosan, gelatine, and green algae were investigated in their role as supercapacitor electrodes. The effects of three factors on electrochemical performance have been studied—of the specific surface area, functional groups, and a porous structure. Varying nitrogen contents (from 5.46 to 10.08 wt.%) and specific surface areas (from 532 to 1095 m2 g−1) were obtained by modifying the carbon precursor and the carbonization temperature. Doping nitrogen into carbon at a level of 5.74–7.09 wt.% appears to be the optimum for obtaining high electrochemical capacitance. The obtained carbons exhibited high capacitance (231 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) and cycle durability in a 0.2 mol L−1 K2SO4 electrolyte. Capacitance retention was equal to 91% at 5 A g−1 after 10,000 chronopotentiometry cycles. An analysis of electrochemical behaviour reveals the influence that nitrogen functional groups have on pseudocapacitance. While quaternary-N and pyrrolic-N nitrogen groups have an enhancing effect, due to the presence of a positive charge and thus improved electron transfer at high current loads, the most important functional group affecting energy storage performance is graphite-N/quaternary-N. The study points out that the search for the most favourable organic precursors is as important as the process of converting precursors to carbon-based electrode materials.

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