Effect of Milling and Calcium Phosphate on Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured TiNbMo/CPP Biocomposites

2012 ◽  
Vol 452-453 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Kee Do Woo ◽  
Sang Hoon Park ◽  
Ji Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Increase Milling Time ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Low Elastic Modulus ◽  
Spark Plasma

Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) alloy have been widely used as alternative bone due to its excellent biocompatibility, although it still has many problems such as high elastic modulus and toxic. Therefore, biomaterial with low elastic modulus and nontoxic has to be developed. In this study, the raw materials which are nontoxic elements such as Nb and Mo were mixed and milled in a mixing machine (24h) and a high energy mechanical ball milling machine (1h, 4h and 8h) respectively. Ti-Nb-Mo-CPP composites were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1000°C under 70MPa using mixed and milled powders. The effects of CPP contents and milling time on biocompatibility and mechanical property have been investigated. By X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical reaction during the sintering was occurred and revealed new phases, Ti2O, CaO, CaTiO3, and TixPy. Vickers hardness of composites increases with increase milling time and addition of CPP contents. Biocompatibility of CPP added Ti-Nb-Mo alloys were improved.

Mechanical Properties of Ti-Nb-X-CPP Biomaterial Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering

2011 ◽  
Vol 399-401 ◽  
pp. 1592-1595
Author(s):  
Kee Do Woo ◽  
Sang Hoon Park ◽  
Ji Young Kim ◽  
Sang Mi Kim ◽  
Dong Soo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Increase Milling Time ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Low Elastic Modulus ◽  
Spark Plasma

Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) alloy have been widely used as alternative bone due to its excellent biocompatibility, although it still has many problems such as high elastic modulus and toxic. Therefore, biomaterial with low elastic modulus and nontoxic has to be developed. In this study, the raw materials which are nontoxic elements such as Nb and Mo were mixed and milled in a mixing machine (24h) and a high energy mechanical ball milling machine (1h, 4h and 8h) respectively. Ti-Nb-Mo-CPP composites were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1000°C under 70MPa using mixed and milled powders. The effects of CPP contents and milling time on biocompatibility and mechanical property have been investigated. By X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical reaction during the sintering was occurred and revealed new phases, Ti2O, CaO, CaTiO3, and TixPy. Vickers hardness of composites increases with increase milling time and addition of HA contents. Biocompatibility of HA added Ti-Nb-Si alloys were improved.

Effect of Al and Si Additions on the Synthesis of Spark Plasma Sintered Zr2Al4C5 Creamic

2016 ◽  
Vol 697 ◽  
pp. 530-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q.L. Guo ◽  
Jun Jun Pei ◽  
Ji Zhong Gan ◽  
Jun Guo Li ◽  
Lian Meng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Target Compound ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Microscopy Observation ◽  
Major Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Stable Solid Solution

The Zr2Al4C5 ceramic was successfully fabricated by the spark plasma sintering at 1800 °C for 10 min under uniaxial 20 MPa pressure in vacuum using a mixed raw materials of Zr, Al, Si and graphite powders. The X-ray diffraction analysis results showed that the unexpected Zr2Al3C5 phase rather than target compound Zr2Al4C5 formed in the sintered samples. An initial Zr:Al:C molar ratio of 2:4.2:4.8 for raw powders, and even 55 mol.% excess Al, did not lead to a phase transformation from Zr2Al3C5 to Zr2Al4C5. When 4 wt.% Si was induced in the starting powders, the major phase became Zr2Al4C5 and no obvious Zr2Al3C5 was detected in the sintered samples with an initial Zr:Al:C molar ratio of 2:6.2:4.8 (55 mol.% excess Al). The introduction of Si could suppress and even remove additional ZrC, and Si atoms would exclusively occupy the site of Al to make Zr2Al4C5 become a stable solid solution. The scanning electron microscopy observation showed that the as-synthesized Zr2Al4C5 grains had elongated, rod-like and/or plate-like shapes. The mechanical properties of the sintered Zr2Al4C5 ceramic were also investigated, and it showed a hardness of 11.06±0.34 GPa and a fracture toughness of 4.6 ± 0.4 MPa×m1/2.

Densification of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate: A Comparison of Cold Sintering Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 903 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Aiga Anna Pudule ◽  
Karlis Agris Gross ◽  
Darta Ūbele ◽  
Ilze Jerāne ◽  
Ints Šteins
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Small Difference ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Primary Contribution ◽  
Sintering Processes

The recent surge in interest in the densification of calcium phosphate powders needs consideration of all the influencing factors. Spark plasma sintering with the primary contribution from the spark plasma and cold compaction that densifies from the large compaction pressures were considered. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy characterized the powder and tablet to confirm the retention of the amorphous phase. Density was measured using the Archimedes method and the microstructure was viewed by scanning electron microscopy. The densified tablets were indented by nanoindentation to determine the hardness and elastic modulus. Reports on the density showed that the smallest contribution to density arose from vacuum, a marginally higher densification from the spark plasma effect, but the largest densification arose from the use of significantly higher pressures. Nanoindentation showed a small difference in elastic modulus between tablets densified at 25 °C and 200 °C, but a larger difference in the hardness.

Corrosion Behavior and Hardness of Binary Mg Alloys Produced via High Energy Ball-Milling and Subsequent Spark Plasma Sintering

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3633 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Umar Farooq Khan ◽  
Taban Larimian ◽  
Tushar Borkar ◽  
Rajeev Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Energy Ball

ABSTRACT In this work, nine nanocrystalline binary Mg alloys synthesized by high energy ball milling. The compositions, Mg-5wt.%M (M- Cr, Ge, Mn, Mo, Ta, Ti, V, Y, Zn) were milled with an objective of achieving non-equilibrium alloying. The milled alloys were consolidated via cold compaction (CC) at 25 ï‚°C and spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 300 ï‚°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated grain refinement below 100 nm, and the scanning electron microscopy revealed homogeneous microstructures for all compositions. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that most of the alloys showed a change in the lattice parameter, which indicates the formation of a solid solution. A significant increase in the hardness compared to unmilled Mg was observed for all the alloys. The corrosion behavior was improved in all the binary alloys compared to milled Mg. A significant decrease in the cathodic kinetics was evident due to Ge and Zn additions. The influence of the alloying elements on corrosion behavior has been categorized and discussed based on the electrochemical response of their respective binary Mg alloy.

scholarly journals Microstructure And Thermoelectric Properties Of Tags-90 Compounds Fabricated By Mechanical Milling Process

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 1231-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-S Kim ◽  
M. Babu ◽  
S.-J. Hong
Keyword(s):  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma

Abstract TAGS-90 compound powder was directly prepared from the elements by high-energy ball milling (HEBM) and subsequently consolidated by a spark plasma sintering (SPS). Effect of milling time on the microstructure and thermoelectric properties of the samples were investigated. The particle size of fabricated powders were decreased with increasing milling time, finally fine particles with ~1μm size was obtained at 90 min. The SPS samples exhibited higher relative densities (>99%) with fine grain size. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and energy dispersion analysis (EDS) results revealed that all the samples were single phase of GeTe with exact composition. The electrical conductivity of samples were decreased with milling time, whereas Seebeck coefficient increased over the temperature range of RT~450°C. The highest power factor was 1.12×10−3W/mK2 obtained for the sample with 90 min milling at 450°C.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of Ag-8 %wt Cr2O3 composites prepared by different densification processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-335
Author(s):  
Nima Mansourirad ◽  
Mohammad Ardestani ◽  
Reza Afshar
Keyword(s):  
Silver Oxide ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microstructural Parameters ◽  
Dense Microstructure ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma

A novel Ag-8 %wt Cr2O3 composite prepared via powder metallurgy route. Silver and chromium oxides were used as starting powders. The powder mixtures were mechanically milled by a SPEX high energy mill for 5 h. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) results, the milled powders were calcined in an argon atmosphere at 550?C. During calcination, the silver oxide decomposed into silver. The results showed that the Heckel equation was the preferred one for description the cold compressibility of the powders. The calcined powders were consolidated by Press-Sinter-Repress (PSR), Press-Sinter-Repress-Anneal (PSRA) and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) processes. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) investigations showed a nearly dense microstructure of the sintered samples. However, the hardness of the pressed-sintered-repressed samples was 81 Vickers which was the highest among the processed specimen. Furthermore, the flexural strength of the PSR and SPS processed samples were 231 and 255 MPa, respectively which were too higher than that of the annealed specimens. The results confirmed the effect of microstructural parameters such as Cr2O3 particle size and processing route on the mechanical properties of the sintered composites.

Low Temperature Synthesis of Strontium Barium Niobate by Spark Plasma Sintering

2007 ◽  
Vol 280-283 ◽  
pp. 767-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Hao Fang ◽  
Wei Pan ◽  
Zhen Yi Fang ◽  
Sui Lin Shi ◽  
Qiang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Strontium Barium Niobate ◽  
Low Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Strontium Barium ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma

Pure Strontium barium niobate, Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 (SBN50), was synthesized successfully by spark plasma sintering from two mixtures: SrCO3/BaCO3/Nb2O5 mixtures and the mixtures calcined at 800oC. The phase identification of the SBN crystalline grains was evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis, and the formation mechanism was discussion based on the XRD results at various temperatures. They are different when SrCO3/BaCO3/Nb2O5 powder mixtures and the mixtures calcined at 800oC was chosen as the raw materials.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Microstructure and Thermoelectric Properties of P-Type BiSbTe Alloys by Usage of Different Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) During Mechanical Milling

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 1167-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-M. Yoon ◽  
B. Madavali ◽  
Y.-N. Yoon ◽  
S.-J. Hong
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Size Refinement ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
P Type

AbstractIn this work, p-type Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3alloys were fabricated by high-energy ball milling (MA) and spark plasma sintering. Different revolutions per minute (RPM)s were used in the MA process, and their effect on microstructure, and thermoelectric properties of p-type Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3were systematically investigated. The crystal structure of milled powders and sintered samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction. All the powders exhibited the same morphology albeit with slight differences find at 1100 RPM conditions. A slight grain size refinement was observed on the fracture surfaces from 500 to 1100 RPM specimens. The temperature dependence of Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and power factors were measured as a function of temperature with different RPM conditions. The power factor shows almost same (~3.5 W/mK2at RT) for all samples due to unchanged Seebeck and electrical conductivity values. The peak ZT of 1.07 at 375K is obtained for 1100 RPM specimen due to low thermal conductivity.

Development of WC-Fe3Al Composites by Spark Plasma Sintering Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 881 ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
Luis Antonio C. Ybarra ◽  
Afonso Chimanski ◽  
Sergio Gama ◽  
Ricardo A.G. da Silva ◽  
Izabel Fernanda Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Zinc Stearate ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Al Composite ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Vibration Mill

Tungsten carbide (WC) based composites are usually produced with cobalt, but this binder has the inconvenience of shortage, unstable price and potential carcinogenicity. The objective of this study was to develop WC composite with intermetallic Fe3Al matrix. Powders of WC, iron and aluminum, with composition WC-10 wt% Fe3Al, and 0.5 wt% zinc stearate were milled in a vibration mill for 6 h and sintered in a SPS (spark plasma sintering) furnace at 1150 °C for 8 min under pressure of 30 MPa. Measured density and microstructure analysis showed that the composite had significant densification during the (low-temperature, short time) sintering, and X-ray diffraction analysis showed the formation of intermetallic Fe3Al. Analysis by Vickers indentation resulted in hardness of 11.2 GPa and fracture toughness of 24.6 MPa.m1/2, showing the feasibility of producing dense WC-Fe3Al composite with high mechanical properties using the SPS technique.

Microstructure Evolution of a Fine Grain Al-50wt%Si Alloy Fabricated by High Energy Milling

2011 ◽  
Vol 479 ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Ya Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Growth ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Laser Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Grain

Microstructure evolution of high energy milled Al-50wt%Si alloy during heat treatment at different temperature was studied. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the size of the alloy powders decreased with increasing milling time. The observable coarsening of Si particles was not seen below 730°C in the high energy milled alloy, whereas, for the alloy prepared by mixed Al and Si powders, the grain growth occurred at 660°C. The activation energy for the grain growth of Si particles in the high energy milled alloy was determined as about 244 kJ/mol by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data analysis. The size of Si particles in the hot pressed Al-50wt%Si alloy prepared by high energy milled powders was 5-30 m at 700°C, which was significantly reduced compared to that of the original Si powders. Thermal diffusivity of the hot pressed Al-50wt%Si alloy was 55 mm2/s at room temperature which was obtained by laser method.

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