Densification of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate: A Comparison of Cold Sintering Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 903 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Aiga Anna Pudule ◽  
Karlis Agris Gross ◽  
Darta Ūbele ◽  
Ilze Jerāne ◽  
Ints Šteins
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Small Difference ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Primary Contribution ◽  
Sintering Processes

The recent surge in interest in the densification of calcium phosphate powders needs consideration of all the influencing factors. Spark plasma sintering with the primary contribution from the spark plasma and cold compaction that densifies from the large compaction pressures were considered. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy characterized the powder and tablet to confirm the retention of the amorphous phase. Density was measured using the Archimedes method and the microstructure was viewed by scanning electron microscopy. The densified tablets were indented by nanoindentation to determine the hardness and elastic modulus. Reports on the density showed that the smallest contribution to density arose from vacuum, a marginally higher densification from the spark plasma effect, but the largest densification arose from the use of significantly higher pressures. Nanoindentation showed a small difference in elastic modulus between tablets densified at 25 °C and 200 °C, but a larger difference in the hardness.

Effect of Milling and Calcium Phosphate on Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured TiNbMo/CPP Biocomposites

2012 ◽  
Vol 452-453 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Kee Do Woo ◽  
Sang Hoon Park ◽  
Ji Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Increase Milling Time ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Low Elastic Modulus ◽  
Spark Plasma

Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) alloy have been widely used as alternative bone due to its excellent biocompatibility, although it still has many problems such as high elastic modulus and toxic. Therefore, biomaterial with low elastic modulus and nontoxic has to be developed. In this study, the raw materials which are nontoxic elements such as Nb and Mo were mixed and milled in a mixing machine (24h) and a high energy mechanical ball milling machine (1h, 4h and 8h) respectively. Ti-Nb-Mo-CPP composites were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1000°C under 70MPa using mixed and milled powders. The effects of CPP contents and milling time on biocompatibility and mechanical property have been investigated. By X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical reaction during the sintering was occurred and revealed new phases, Ti2O, CaO, CaTiO3, and TixPy. Vickers hardness of composites increases with increase milling time and addition of CPP contents. Biocompatibility of CPP added Ti-Nb-Mo alloys were improved.

Development of WC-Fe3Al Composites by Spark Plasma Sintering Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 881 ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
Luis Antonio C. Ybarra ◽  
Afonso Chimanski ◽  
Sergio Gama ◽  
Ricardo A.G. da Silva ◽  
Izabel Fernanda Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Zinc Stearate ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Al Composite ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Vibration Mill

Tungsten carbide (WC) based composites are usually produced with cobalt, but this binder has the inconvenience of shortage, unstable price and potential carcinogenicity. The objective of this study was to develop WC composite with intermetallic Fe3Al matrix. Powders of WC, iron and aluminum, with composition WC-10 wt% Fe3Al, and 0.5 wt% zinc stearate were milled in a vibration mill for 6 h and sintered in a SPS (spark plasma sintering) furnace at 1150 °C for 8 min under pressure of 30 MPa. Measured density and microstructure analysis showed that the composite had significant densification during the (low-temperature, short time) sintering, and X-ray diffraction analysis showed the formation of intermetallic Fe3Al. Analysis by Vickers indentation resulted in hardness of 11.2 GPa and fracture toughness of 24.6 MPa.m1/2, showing the feasibility of producing dense WC-Fe3Al composite with high mechanical properties using the SPS technique.

Spark Plasma Sintering of Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Fe-2Mo (SP-700)

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 819-822
Author(s):  
Genki Kikuchi ◽  
Hiroshi Izui ◽  
Yuya Takahashi ◽  
Shota Fujino
Keyword(s):  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Titanium Boride ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Tib2 Particles

In this study, we focused on the sintering performance of Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Mo-2Fe (SP-700) and mechanical properties of SP-700 reinforced with titanium boride (TiB/SP-700) fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). TiB whiskers formed in titanium by a solid-state reaction of titanium and TiB2 particles were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The TiB/SP-700 was sintered at temperatures of 1073, 1173, and 1273 K and a pressure of 70 MPa for 10, 30, and 50 min. The volume fraction of TiB ranged from 1.7 vol.% to 19.9 vol.%. Tensile tests of TiB/SP-700 were conducted at room temperature, and the effect of TiB volume fraction on the tensile properties was investigated.

Spark Plasma Sintering of Paper-Derived Ti3AlC2-Based Composites: Influence of Sintering Temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 1790-1796
Author(s):  
Maxim Syrtanov ◽  
Egor Kashkarov ◽  
Tatyana Murashkina ◽  
Nahum Travitzky
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Total Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbide Phases ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Scanning Electron

This paper describes the influence of sintering temperature on phase composition and microstructure of paper-derived Ti3AlC2 composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering. The composites were sintered at 100 MPa pressure in the temperature range of 1150-1350 °C. Phase composition and microstructure were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The multiphase structure was observed in the sintered composites consisting of Ti3AlC2, Ti2AlC, TiC and Al2O3 phases. The decomposition of the Ti3AlC2 phase into Ti2AlC and TiC carbide phases was observed with temperature rise. The total content of Ti3AlC2 and Ti2AlC phases was reduced from 84.5 vol.% (1150 °C) to 69.5 vol.% (1350 °C). The density of composites affected by both the content of TiC phase and changes in porosity.

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Ti-43Al-5V-4Nb-Y Alloy Consolidated by Spark Plasma Sintering

2016 ◽  
Vol 704 ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Yong Jun Su ◽  
Yi Feng Zheng ◽  
De Liang Zhang ◽  
Fan Tao Kong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Tial Alloy ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Fully Lamellar

TiAl alloy with a composition of Ti-43Al-5V-4Nb-Y (at.%) was prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The TiAl powders were sintered between 650°C and 1300°C for 5 min under different loads. With the increasing of the temperature, the diffusion of the elements can be observed. Full compaction is achieved in a short period of time and the overall processing duration does not exceed 30 min. A fully lamellar structure was seen in the TiAl alloy after heat treatment. The microstructures of the samples were determined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Their mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile tests performed at room temperature

Solid-State Synthesis of Magnesium Silicide via Repeated Plastic Working and Spark Plasma Sintering

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 2895-2898
Author(s):  
Hideki Oginuma ◽  
Katsuyoshi Kondoh ◽  
Takashi Yamaguchi ◽  
Eiji Yuasa
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Magnesium Silicide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Plastic Working ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Elemental Powder Mixture ◽  
Spark Plasma

In this study, the solid-state reaction to form Mg2Si bulky materials via spark plasma sintering (SPS) process was discussed. Elemental powder mixture of Mg-33.33mol%Si was refined and consolidated as green compacts by repeated plastic working (RPW) SPS was performed to synthesize and sinter magnesium silicide at 1100K from the RPWed compact. The only peaks of Mg2Si, not Mg and Si, were detected by X-ray diffraction analysis. Mg2Si bulky intermetallic began to shrink above 800K during SPS process, and its densification significantly occurred. The density of SPSed Mg2Si bulk material is about 100% of the theoretically relative one.

Effect of the Dwell Temperature on Spark Plasma Sintered CaCu3Ti4O12

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 982-987
Author(s):  
E. de Carvalho ◽  
Marcelo Bertolete ◽  
Izabel Fernanda Machado ◽  
E.N.S. Muccillo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Scanning Electron

Polycrystalline CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics were prepared by solid state reactions by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. In this study, the effects of the dwell temperature on structural, microstructural and dielectric properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics have been investigated. Powder mixtures were calcined at 900°C for 18 h before SPS consolidation. The dwell temperatures were 850, 900, 915 and 930°C. Sintered pellets were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and impedance spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction patterns show evidences of a single-phase perovskite-type structure. The calculated lattice parameter is 7.40 Å. The hydrostatic density increases slightly with increasing dwell temperature. Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed a heterogeneous microstructure for all samples. The dielectric loss remains constant over a wide temperature range. The obtained permittivity is approximately 103 at 1 kHz. The increase of the dwell temperature is found to produce a brittle ceramic.

Stoichiometric Controlling of Spark Plasma Sintered Boron-Carbon Ceramics

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Zhang ◽  
Chuan Bin Wang ◽  
Qiang Shen ◽  
Lian Meng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Carbon Ceramic ◽  
Boron Carbon

A group of boron-carbon ceramic material was in-situ synthesized and densified simultaneously via Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technique from carbon and boron element powders with different molar ratio. The phase structures of samples with different B/C molar ratio were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The B/C atomic ratio of the sintered materials was calculated from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement data. Meanwhile, the chemical analysis (CA) method had also been taken to verify the B/C atomic ratio. Finally, the experience equation had been obtained to control the B/C atomic ratio of sintered samples.

THE GROWTH OF MnSi1.73 PREPARED BY SPARK PLASMA SINTERING

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHIMIN WANG ◽  
YIDONG WU ◽  
YUANJIN HE
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanical Pressure ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Scanning Electron

Crystals of MnSi 1.73 were prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technique, analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and invested by metalogragh and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The growth processes of the samples were studied. It was found that the Mn–Si powders partly formed MnSi 1.73 crystals at 912–937 K under the mechanical pressure of 20 MPa in low vacuum (about 5.0 Pa), and fully formed MnSi 1.73 crystals after sintered at 1173 K for 15 minutes under 40 MPa.

Effect of cryogenic milling on Al7075 prepared by spark plasma sintering method

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
pp. S221-S224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frantisek Lukac ◽  
Tomas Chraska ◽  
Orsolya Molnarova ◽  
Premysl Malek ◽  
Jakub Cinert
Keyword(s):  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
Deformation Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cryogenic Milling ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Crystallite Sizes ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Sintering Method

Precipitation of secondary intermetallic phases in aluminium alloy Al7075 sintered by spark plasma sintering method from powders milled at room and cryogenic temperature was studied by X-ray powder diffraction. Deformation energy stored during cryogenic milling influences the precipitation in Al7075 alloy. High temperature X-ray diffraction experiment revealed the potential for further precipitation strengthening of samples prepared by spark plasma sintering of milled powders. It was established that the correction of absorption edge of metal Kβ-line filter used for laboratory sources greatly enhances the precision of quantitative Rietveld analysis as well as the determination of precipitates’ crystallite sizes.

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