Review State of Geothermal Energy in Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 463-464 ◽  
pp. 985-989
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Asadi ◽  
Mahdi Moharrampour ◽  
Masoumeh Shir Ali
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Nw Iran ◽  
Geothermal Potential ◽  
Review State ◽  
Deep Exploration

International increasing of petroleum and living cost and population, environmental problems, diminishingly fossil sources and world trend to energy technology respect to environmental safety and renewable energies are some reasons for most countries to use and investigate on renewable energies. In this regard this paper presents the state of geothermal energy in Iran. The geothermal activities in Iran started by Ministry Energy of Iran in 1975, research and survey indicate that Iran has substantial geothermal potential, specifically in the Sabalan Sahand (NW-Iran) and Damavand (N-Iran) region that are considerate prospects for electric power generation and direct uses. The Electric Power Research Center (EPRC) and Renewable Energy Organization of Iran (SUNA) were established to justify priorities of above mentioned region. As a result: Meshkinshahr and Sarein area in Sabalan region were proposed for electric and direct use respectively. Three deep exploration wells and two shallow reinjection wells were drilled at the Meshkinshahr geothermal field during 2003/2004 following detailed geo-scientific surface surveys. A preliminary resource assessment confirms the presence of a medium grade geothermal resource with temperatures within the drilled area up to 2500C and whit at least 5 Km2 of commercially exploitable resource available. SUNA is now moving forward to construct and commission the first geothermal power development both in Iran and the Middle East.

scholarly journals Potensi Cadangan Panas Bumi dengan Metoda Volumetrik Pada Sumur Saka-1 Lapangan Panas Bumi “X” Kabupaten Lembata NusaTenggara Timur

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sari Wulandari Hafsari ◽  
Akhmad Rading
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Reservoir Rocks ◽  
Total Potential ◽  
Geothermal Potential ◽  
Exploration Drilling ◽  
Potential Reserve

<p>Secara geologi Indonesia berada di zona Sabuk Api atau busur vulkanik yang merupakan produk konvergensi berupa subduksi antara lempeng Samudra Hindia-Australia dengan lempeng benua Asia berdasarkan konsep Tektonik lempeng. Potensi Panas bumi Indonesia tercatat sebagai yang terbesar ketiga di dunia dengan potensi cadangan 40%, Direktorat Inventarisasi Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) mengidentifikasi 256 daerah panas bumi dengan total potensi mencapai atau sekira 28.617 MW Penggunaan potensi panas bumi Indonesia hingga Tahun 2016 baru mencapai 4% atau sekira 1341 MW sehingga masih perlu ditingkatkan. Target pemerintah tentang kebijakan Energi Nasional terkait penggunaan energi terbarukan sebesar 25% pada tahun 2015, memicu peningkatan kegiatan pencarian dan eksplorasi panas bumi.Penyelidikan Direktorat Inventarisasi ESDM (2006) di Kabupaten Lembata, Nusa Tenggara Timur mencatat tiga lapangan potensi panas bumi yakni : Atadei, Roma dan Adum. Sumber panas bumi umumnya berasosiasi dengan gunungapi menjelang padam maupun masih aktif. Syarat terbentuknya panas bumi adalah adanya sumber panas (magma), batuan reservoir, batuan penudung dan akuifer. Hasil inventarisasi dan eksplorasi. Tulisan ini difokuskan pada perhitungan cadangan yakni energi panas bumi yang kenyataannya dapat diambil dan potensi listrik yang dapat dibangkitkan pada lapangan panas bumi X Kabupaten Lembata, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Tahapan awal dari upaya untuk mengetahui potensi energi panas bumi dimulai dari eksplorasi terencana dan terpadu yang meliputi kegiatan survey geologi, geokimia, geofisika, landaian suhu dan pemboran uji/eksplorasi panas bumi yang diakhiri dengan kegiatan pemboran sumur produksi serta pembangkit power plant untuk listrik jika hasil pemboran uji memberikan gambaran yang positif serta faktor kebutuhan akan energi/listrik.Cadangan energi panas bumi yang kenyataannya dapat diambil di Lapangan panas bumi X adalah 3,94 x 10 11 KJ dan besarnya potensi listrik yang dapat dibangkitkan adalah sebesar 41 Mwe Sehingga Lapangan panas bumi X prospek dan layak untuk dikembangkan sebagai Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi (PLTP), sehingga kebutuhan listrik masyarakat Kabupaten Lembata sebesar 5 Mwe dapat terpenuhi.</p><p><em>Geologically, Indonesia is in the zone of ring of  Fire or volcanic arc which is a product of convergence in the form of subduction between the Indian-Australian Ocean plate and the Asian continent plate based on the plate tectonic concept. Indonesia's geothermal potential is recorded as the third largest in the world with a potential reserve of 40%, the Directorate of Mineral Resources Inventory (ESDM) identified 256 geothermal areas with a total potential reaching or approximately 28,617 MW The use of Indonesia's geothermal potential until 2016 only reached 4% or approximately 1341 MW so that it still needs to be improved. The government's target of the National Energy policy related to the use of renewable energy by 25% in 2015, triggers an increase in geothermal exploration and exploration activities. </em><em>The investigation of the ESDM Inventory Directorate (2006) in Lembata Regency, East Nusa Tenggara recorded three geothermal potential fields namely: Atadei, Roma and Adum. Geothermal sources are generally associated with near-extinguished volcanoes or are still active. Requirements for geothermal formation are the existence of heat sources (magma), reservoir rocks, capstone and aquifers. Inventory and exploration results. This paper is focused on the calculation of reserves, namely the fact that geothermal energy can be extracted and the potential electricity that can be generated in the geothermal of X field, Lembata Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. The initial stages of the effort to determine the potential for geothermal energy starts from planned and integrated exploration which includes geological, geochemical, geophysical surveying, temperature slope and geothermal test/ exploration drilling which ends with the production well drilling and power plant for electricity if the results test drilling provides a positive picture and energy/electricity demand factors. </em><em>Reserve of geothermal energy which in fact can be taken in the geothermal field X is 3.94 x 1011 KJ and the amount of potential electricity that can be generated is 41 Mwe so that the geothermal of X field prospects and feasible to be developed as a Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP) so that the electricity needs of the Lembata Regency community of 5 MWe can be fulfilled.</em></p>

Review of Renewable Energy in Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 463-464 ◽  
pp. 980-984
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Asadi ◽  
Mahmoud Baghban Torgadri ◽  
Mahdi Moharrampour
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Nw Iran ◽  
Wind Power Plants ◽  
Geothermal Potential ◽  
Biomass Resources ◽  
The Moment

Increasing in consumption of petroleum, population, environmental problems, diminishingly fossil sources and world trend to energy technology respect to environmental safety and renewable energy are some reasons for most countries to use and investigate on renewable energy. In this regard this paper presents the state of geothermal, wind and biomass energy in Iran. Results indicate that Iran has substantial geothermal potential, specifically in the Sabalan (NW-Iran) and Damavand (N-Iran) regions that are considerate prospects for electric power generation and direct uses. Due to recent advancements in wind energy, many inventors in the country have become interested in investing in this type of energy. At the moment, projects assuming 130 MW of wind power plants are underway. Of which, 25 MW is operational. Results of this study shows that the major biomass resources in Iran are agricultural solid wastes (%59), animal wastes (%28), corrupting waste materials (%11), and industrial waste waters (%2). According to statistical data, the potential biomass energy in Iran is equal to 15 million ton of crude oil which will be estimated about %13 of annual Iranian crude oil sale.

scholarly journals The Effect of Renewable Energy Generation on the Electric Power Spot Price of the Japan Electric Power Exchange

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Maekawa ◽  
Bui Hai ◽  
Sarana Shinkuma ◽  
Koji Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Spot Price ◽  
Price Forecast ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Power Exchange ◽  
Renewable Energy Generation ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to explore the relationship between renewable energies and the electric power spot price of the Japan Electric Power Exchange (JEPX). By using panel data analysis and proxy modeling, this work attempts to estimate how renewable energies (displayed through the proxies) and other factors influence the electric power spot price in Japan. Based on an analysis of the estimations, some policy implications have been proposed, such as to incorporate weather information into the price forecast, or to provide a guide to more effectively transact on the JEPX.

NMR contribution in sub-horizontal well for porosity-permeability heterogeneity characterization in limestones: implications for 3D reservoir prediction and flow simulation in a world class geothermal aquifer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Catinat ◽  
Benjamin Brigaud ◽  
Marc Fleury ◽  
Miklos Antics ◽  
Pierre Ungemach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Horizontal Well ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
High Density ◽  
Reservoir Prediction ◽  
Nmr Data ◽  
Geothermal Potential ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Deep Geothermal Energy

&lt;p&gt;With around 50 heating networks today operating, the aera around Paris is the European region which concentrates the most heating network production units in terms of deep geothermal energy. In France, the energy-climate strategy plans to produce 6.4TWh in 2023, compared to 1.5TWh produced in 2016. Despite an exceptional geothermal potential, the current average development rate of 70MWh/year will not allow this objective to be achieved, it would be necessary to reach a rate of 6 to 10 times higher. The optimization of the use of deep geothermal energy is a major challenge for France, and in Ile-de-France, which has a population of nearly 12 million inhabitants. This project aims to reconstruct and simulate heat flows in the Paris Basin using an innovative methodology (1) to characterize, predict and model the properties of reservoirs (facies, porosity, permeability) and (2) simulate future circulations and predict the performance at a given location (sedimentary basin) on its geothermal potential. This study focuses on a high density area of well infrastructures around Cachan, (8 doublets, 1 triplet in 56 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;). A new sub-horizontal doublet concept has been recently (2017) drilled at Cachan to enhance heat exchange in medium to low permeability formations. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR T2) logs have been recorded in the sub-horizontal well (GCAH2) providing information on pore size distribution and permeability. We integrated all logging data (gamma ray, density, resistivity, sonic, NRM T2) of the 19 wells in the area and 120 thin section observations from cuttings to derive a combined electrofacies-sedimentary facies description. A total of 10 facies is grouped into 5 facies associations coded in all the 19 wells according to depths and 10 3rd order stratigraphic sequences are recognized. The cell size of the 3D grid was set to 50 m x 50 m for the XY dimensions. The Z-size depends on the thickness of the sub-zones, averaging 5 m. The resulting 3D grid is composed of a total of nearly 8.10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;cells. After upscaled, facies and stratigraphic surfaces are used to create a reliable model using the &amp;#8220;Truncated Gaussian With Trends&amp;#8221; algorithm. The petrophysical distribution &amp;#8220;Gaussian Random Function Simulation&amp;#8221; is used to populate the entire grid with properties, included 2000 NMR data, considering each facies independently. The best reservoir is mainly located in the shoal deposits oolitic grainstones with average porosity of 12.5% and permeability of 100 mD. Finally, hydrodynamic and thermal simulations have been performed using Pumaflow to give information on the potential risk of interference between the doublets in the area and advices are given in the well trajectory to optimize the connectivity and the lifetime of the system. NMR data, especially permeability, allow to greater improve the simulations, defining time probabilities of thermal breakthrough in an area of high density wells.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Simulation of a Geothermal Energy Generation System at the Machin Volcano in Colombia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernando Enrique Rodriguez Pantano ◽  
Valentina Betancourt ◽  
Juan S. Solís-Chaves ◽  
C. M. Rocha-Osorio
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Geothermal Potential ◽  
Economic Simulation ◽  
Private Investors

Colombian geothermal potential for power generation is interesting due to the presence of the three Andean mountain ranges and the existence of active volcanoes in junction with springs and underground reservoirs with the consequent closeness of available hydrothermal water-wells. The Machin volcano is a small mountain placed in the middle of the country, that has a considerable geothermal potential with wells in a temperature range of 160 to 260C. For that reason, a techno-economic simulation for a Geothermal Energy Generation System is proposed in this paper, using for that the System Advisor Model software. The purpose of this research is to present a more encouraging picture for public and private investors interested in exploiting this energy potential in Colombia. Simulation results include technical and economic aspects as annual and monthly energy production, geothermal resource monthly average temperature, and the Time Of Delivery Factors are also considered. Some tables with system configuration, plant and pump costs, Capacity Factor, and real and nominal Levelized Cost of Energy are also shown.

scholarly journals Using open software to teach resource assessment of solar thermal and geothermal energy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Ulazia ◽  
Aitor Urresti ◽  
Alvaro Campos ◽  
Gabriel Ibarra-Berastegi ◽  
Mirari Antxustegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
System Modelling ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Life Problems

The students of the Faculties of Engineering of the Universitty of Basque Country (Gipuzkoa-Eibar and Bilbao) in the last years of their studies, before becoming engineers, have the opportunity to select a block of subjects intended to enhance their knowledge on renewable energy systems. One of these subjects is Solar Thermal and Geothermal energy. These subjects are devoted to assessing the renewable energy resource, and designing optimal systems. Apart from the transmission of good practices, the focus is practical and is based on hands-on computer real-life exercises, which involves not only intensive programming using high-level software, but also the spatial representation of results. To that purpose two main open source codes are used: Octave (https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/), and QGIS (https://www.qgis.org/). Students learn how to address real-life problems regarding the geographical representation of solar radiation and low temperature geothermal resources using QGIS, and solar thermal system modelling using Octave.

scholarly journals Audiomagnetotelluric survey at the Bañitos-Gollete geothermal area, main Andes Cordillera of San Juan, Argentina.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. BARCELONA ◽  
G. PERI ◽  
D. WINOCUR ◽  
A. FAVETTO
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Gradient ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Flow Path ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Conductive Heat ◽  
Exploration Process ◽  
Tectonic Environment ◽  
Geothermal Potential ◽  
Geologic Setting ◽  
Andes Cordillera

The present research explores the Bañitos-Gollete geothermal field located in the Frontal Andes Cordillera over the Pampean flat-slab. We carried out an audiomagnetotelluric survey in order to define the underground geoelectrical structure and to understand the link between the geothermal fluid flow path and the main geological structures. 2-D audiomagnetotelluric models suggest that the deep-rooted N-S fault system controls the geothermal flow path. We propose a conductive heat-driven system, taking into consideration the geologic setting and the supposed low geothermal gradient of this tectonic environment. The mature Na-Cl waters from Gollete and an estimated reservoir temperature of ~140ºC are consistent with this conceptual model. Further investigations are required to assess the geothermal potential of the study area, and the present work likely represents only the first but necessary step in the exploration process.

The interplay of Malm carbonate permeability, gravity-driven groundwater flow, and paleoclimate – implications for the geothermal field and potential in the Molasse Basin (Southern Germany), a foreland-basin play

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Vincent Schintgen ◽  
Inga Sigrun Moeck
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Molasse Basin ◽  
Carbonate Aquifer ◽  
Foreland Basins ◽  
Gravity Driven ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Subsurface Temperatures

Abstract The Molasse Basin in Southern Germany is part of the North Alpine Foreland Basin and hosts the largest accumulation of deep geothermal production fields in Central Europe. Despite the vast development of geothermal energy utilization projects especially in the Munich metropolitan region, the evolution of and control factors on the natural geothermal field are still debated. Especially seismic and deep well data from extensive oil and gas exploration in the Molasse Basin led to conceptual hydrogeological and thermal-hydraulic models. Corrected borehole-temperature data helped to constrain subsurface temperatures by geostatistical interpolation and facilitated the set-up of 3D temperature models. However, within the geothermally used Upper Jurassic (Malm) carbonate aquifer, temperature anomalies such as the Wasserburg Trough anomaly to the east of Munich and their underlying physical processes are yet poorly understood. From other foreland basins like the Alberta Basin in Western Canada, it is known that climate during the last ice age has a considerable effect even on subsurface temperatures up to two kilometres depth. Therefore, we study the impact of paleoclimatic changes on the Molasse Basin during the last 130 ka including the Würm glaciation. We consider the hydraulic and thermal effects of periglacial conditions like permafrost formation and the impact of the numerous glacial advances onto the Molasse Basin. The major difference between the thermal-hydraulic regime in the western and eastern parts of the Southern German Molasse Basin are delineated by calculating two contrasting permeability scenarios of the heterogeneously karstified Malm carbonate aquifer. Thermal-hydraulic modelling reveals the effect of recurrent glacial periods on the geothermally drillable subsurface, which is minor compared to the effect of permeability-related, continuous gravity-driven groundwater flow as a major heat transport mechanism. Practically, the results might help to reduce the exploration risk for geothermal energy projects in the Molasse Basin. More importantly, this study serves as a reference for the comparison and understanding of the interplay of high permeability aquifers, gravity-driven groundwater flow and paleoclimate in other orogenic foreland basins worldwide.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document