The Anthropogenic Factors on Urban Growth: An Empirical Quantification in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 6042-6049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Zhu Cui ◽  
Yao Wu Wang ◽  
Yuan Chang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Industry Development

The rapid urbanization in China has caused significant urban land use changes and extensive urban growth these years. That has led to a dramatic decrease in arable land and would challenge the national food security. To understand the anthropogenic driving forces of urban growth and find out effective control methods, this study established the Hierarchical Liner Model (HLM) to explore the influence of such factors including society and economy, population, and industry development. On the base of factor analysis and HLM, the decomposition of the affecting factors for urban growth was performed, it visually shows that the social retail goods, public transit passengers, and nonagricultural populations significantly drove the urban growth in China; the tertiary industry development has weak effects on urban growth. By weighting the role of the anthropogenic factors on urban growth, some advices were given at last, and it could provide possible management options for the government to mitigate the excessive urban growth in the near future.

scholarly journals The Influence of Land Use Evolution on the Visitor Economy in Wuhan from the Perspective of Ecological Service Value

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Qiao Chen ◽  
Yan Mao ◽  
Alastair M. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Support Service ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
Ecological Service

This research used transfer matrix, dynamic attitude, and a linear regression model to investigate the characteristics of land-use change and evolution of ecological service values and their impacts on Wuhan’s visitor economy. The results showed that: (1) the land-use scale in the Wuhan metropolitan area changed significantly from 1990 to 2018. The area of arable land, forest land, and grassland decreased at a faster rate, whereas that of water and construction land continued to increase; (2) there were differences in the dynamic attitudes of land-use at different stages. The dynamic attitude of construction land-use changed the most with cultivated land, water area, forest land, unused land, and grassland. From 1990 to 2005, land-use change exhibited a relatively gentle trend, whereas from 2005 to 2020, it accelerated; (3) although land-use regulation service, support service, and cultural service values positively responded to tourism economic growth, their influences were dissimilar. This study clarifies the effects of urban land-use on tourism economic development and provides a reference for its effective control.

scholarly journals Urban Expansion in Ethiopia from 1987 to 2017: Characteristics, Spatial Patterns, and Driving Forces

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berhanu Keno Terfa ◽  
Nengcheng Chen ◽  
Dandan Liu ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Dev Niyogi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
Coalescence Theory

Rapid urban growth in major cities of a country poses challenges for sustainable development. Particularly in Africa, the process of rapid urbanization is little understood and research is mostly limited to single cities. Thus, this study provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of the growth and spatial patterns of urban development in the three major cities of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa, Adama, and Hawassa) from 1987 to 2017. Also, the applicability of diffusion and coalescence theory on the evolution of these cities has been tested. Remote sensing and GIS technologies were combined with spatial metrics and morphological analysis was employed to undertake this study. The result revealed that all the studied cities experienced accelerated growth in the urbanized areas, but the cities with a larger initial urbanized size were associated with lower expansion rates. Differences in extent and direction of expansion in each city were mostly related to physical features, urban master plans, and policies, with an increase in the irregularity and dispersion of urban growth, representing strong evidence of urban sprawl. The spatiotemporal analysis confirmed that the urbanization processes of Addis Ababa and Adama were consistent and Hawassa city diverged from expectations based on diffusion and coalescence theory. In general, large cities with strong economic growth in a country fail to effectively control the scattered nature of urban growth, thus requiring aggressive policy intervention. The approach used in this study permits a deeper exploration of urban development patterns and the identification of priority areas for effective urban planning and management.

scholarly journals Delineating Urban Growth Boundaries with Ecosystem Service Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wei ◽  
Xiaowen Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Sediment Retention ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The Past ◽  
Conservation Prioritization ◽  
Urban Growth Boundaries

China’s rapid urbanization over the past decades has been accompanied by ecological deterioration. This decline in the provision of vital ecosystem services now poses a significant threat to urban area sustainability. Accordingly, the evaluation of ecosystem services has gained greater importance in ecological and sustainable development over the past decade. However, little information about ecosystem services is factored into urban planning and management decisions and limited studies to date have incorporated conservation prioritization when making decisions about urban growth boundaries. In this study, we proposed an initial framework to illustrate its application in Hangzhou. We modeled and mapped five ecosystem services (i.e., habitat quality as a proxy of biodiversity, carbon storage, water yield, sediment retention, nutrient retention) using the InVEST model and evaluated the overlaps among them. Zonation, a systematic conservation planning tool, was applied to explicitly spatialize conservation prioritization, and we proposed an analytical framework to define priority areas for ecosystem services conservation and delineated a rigid urban growth boundary. Our study integrated ecosystem service evaluations into the urban land-use decision-making process and addressed compromises in decisions regarding conservation prioritization.

scholarly journals How Does ICT Expansion Drive “Smart” Urban Growth? A Case Study of Nanjing, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
Zipan Cai ◽  
Vladimir Cvetkovic ◽  
Jessica Page
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Urban Land Use Change

In the context of accelerated urbanization, socioeconomic development, and population growth, as well as the rapid advancement of information and communication technology (ICT), urban land is rapidly expanding worldwide. Unplanned urban growth has led to the low utilization efficiency of land resources. Also, ecological and agricultural lands are continuously sacrificed for urban construction, which in the long-term may severely impact the health of citizens in cities. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms and driving forces of a city’s urban land use changes, including the influence of ICT development, is therefore crucial to the formation of optimal and feasible urban planning in the new era. Taking Nanjing as a study case, this article attempts to explore the measurable “smart” driving indicators of urban land use change and analyze the tapestry of the relationship between these and urban land use change. Different from the traditional linear regression analysis method of driving force of urban land use change, this study focuses on the interaction relationship and the underlying causal relationship among various “smart” driving factors, so it adopts a fuzzy statistical method, namely the grey relational analysis (GRA). Through the integration of literature research and known effective data, five categories of “smart” indicators have been taken as the primary driving factors: industry and economy, transportation, humanities and science, ICT systems, and environmental management. The results show that these indicators have different impacts on driving urban built-up land growth. Accordingly, optimization possibilities and recommendations for development strategies are proposed to realize a “smarter” development direction in Nanjing. This article confirms the effectiveness of GRA for studies on the driving mechanisms of urban land use change and provides a theoretical basis for the development goals of a smart city.

scholarly journals Urbanization and Urban Sprawl Issues in City Structure: A Case of the Sulaymaniah Iraqi Kurdistan Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivan Jarah ◽  
Bo Zhou ◽  
Rebaz Abdullah ◽  
Yawen Lu ◽  
Wenting Yu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
City Structure

This novel study explores the driving forces and dynamics of rapid urbanization, highlighting the main causes and effects of urban explosion, environmental disruption, and city pattern transformation. This study was carried out that how urbanization and urban sprawl have influenced the structure of the city of Sulaymaniah in Kurdistan region of Iraq. This is because over the years many urban areas have experienced dramatic growth and population explosion that has resulted in the exhaustion of social amenities in the concerned communities. For this purpose, a qualitative method is used based on in-depth face-to-face interviews with local authority, including planners, architects, and experts of master planning, as well as professors in the academic institutions. This study also utilizes extensive document analysis to present the evolution of urban growth. The findings reveal that the autonomy, political conflict, non-implementation of master plans, and economic prosperity are the driving forces which are accelerating this urbanization process. It is proposed that the practical policies and strategic urban development plans are urgent requirement to control the unplanned urban growth and stimulate the desired sustainable future urban development.

scholarly journals Analysis of surface deformation and driving forces in Lanzhou

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1127-1145
Author(s):  
Wenhui Wang ◽  
Yi He ◽  
Lifeng Zhang ◽  
Youdong Chen ◽  
Lisha Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Temporal Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Deformation ◽  
Rate Of Increase

AbstractSurface deformation has become an important factor affecting urban development. Lanzhou is an important location in the Belt and Road Initiative, an international development policy implemented by the Chinese government. Because of rapid urbanization in Lanzhou, surface deformation occurs easily. However, the spatial-temporal characteristics of surface deformation and the interaction of driving forces behind surface deformation in Lanzhou are unclear. This paper uses small baseline subset InSAR (SBAS-InSAR) technology to obtain the spatial-temporal characteristics of surface deformation in Lanzhou based on 32 Sentinel-1A data from March 2015 to January 2017. We further employ a geographical detector (geo-detector) to analyze the driving forces (single-factor effects and multifactor interactions) of surface deformation. The results show that the central urban area of Lanzhou was stable, while there was surface deformation around Nanhuan road, Dongfanghong Square, Jiuzhou, Country Garden, Dachaiping, Yujiaping, Lanzhou North Freight Yard, and Liuquan Town. The maximum deformation rate was −26.50 mm year−1, and the maximum rate of increase was 9.80 mm year−1. The influence factors of surface deformation in Lanzhou was a complex superposition relationship among various influencing factors, not a result of the single factor. The interaction between the built-up area and land cover types was the most important factor behind surface deformation in Lanzhou. This paper provides the reference data and scientific foundation for disaster prevention in Lanzhou.

scholarly journals Optimization of a Novel Urban Growth Simulation Model Integrating an Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm and Cellular Automata for a Smart City

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2338
Author(s):  
Xinxin Huang ◽  
Gang Xu ◽  
Fengtao Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Growth Simulation ◽  
Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm ◽  
Artificial Fish Swarm ◽  
Ca Model

As one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, it is sensible to analysis historical urban land use characteristics and project the potentials of urban sustainable development for a smart city. The cellular automaton (CA) model is the widely applied in simulating urban growth, but the optimum parameters of variables driving urban growth in the model remains to be continued to improve. We propose a novel model integrating an artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) and CA for optimizing parameters of variables in the urban growth model and make a comparison between AFSA-CA and other five models, which is used to study a 40-year urban land growth of Wuhan. We found that the urban growth types from 1995 to 2015 appeared relatively consistent, mainly including infilling, edge-expansion and distant-leap types in Wuhan, which a certain range of urban land growth on the periphery of the central area. Additionally, although the genetic algorithms (GA)-CA model and the AFSA-CA model among the six models due to the distance variables, the parameter value of the GA-CA model is −15.5409 according to the fact that the population (POP) variable should be positively. As a result, the AFSA-CA model regardless of the initial parameter setting is superior to the GA-CA model and the GA-CA model is superior to all the other models. Finally, it is projected that the potentials of urban growth in Wuhan for 2025 and 2035 under three scenarios (natural urban land growth without any restrictions (NULG), sustainable urban land growth with cropland protection and ecological security (SULG), and economic urban land growth with sustainable development and economic development in the core area (EULG)) focus mainly on existing urban land and some new town centers based on AFSA-CA urban growth simulation model. An increasingly precise simulation can determine the potential increase area and quantity of urban land, providing a basis to judge the layout of urban land use for urban planners.

scholarly journals Does Economic Agglomeration Lead to Efficient Rural to Urban Land Conversion? An Examination of China’s Metropolitan Area Development Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2002
Author(s):  
Ke Huang ◽  
Martin Dallimer ◽  
Lindsay C. Stringer ◽  
Anlu Zhang ◽  
Ting Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Economic Agglomeration

Urbanization involves expansion of the amount of land covered by urban uses. Rural to urban land conversion (RULC) can satisfy demand for the additional space that growing cities require. However, there can be negative consequences, such as the loss of productive agricultural land and/or the destruction of natural habitats. Considerable interest therefore exists among policy makers and researchers regarding how the efficiency of RULC can be maximized. We used the Gini index and a data envelopment analysis to quantify the relationship between RULC and economic development for 17 metropolitan areas in China. We did this from two perspectives: (i) coordination; and (ii) efficiency. We found that economic agglomeration fosters the coordination of the amount of rural land that is allocated to be converted to urban uses. Similarly, economic agglomeration increases the efficiency of RULC in terms of the processes of socio-economic production. Through production technology innovation and readjustment in the scale of input factors, the productive efficiency of RULC can be promoted. Our findings suggest a need to strictly limit the amount of RULC, design differential land management policies according to location and development level, and adjust RULC allocation between different cities. Further, in harnessing the potential of intensive urban land use and restructuring, production factors, including land, can be enhanced through technological innovation. Research presented in this paper provides insights for areas of the world which are yet to undergo the rapid urbanization that China has experienced, but where it is projected to occur over the coming decades.

scholarly journals N Management of European Grasslands: Can the Exchange of Gaseous N Species Be Influenced at the Operational Level?

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 652-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Calanca ◽  
A. Neftel ◽  
J. Fuhrer
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Total N ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
N Management

Grassland ecosystems can be regarded as biochemical reactors in which large amounts of organic nitrogen (N) are converted into inorganic N, and vice versa. If managed in a sustainable manner, grasslands should operate in a quasi steady state, characterized by an almost perfect balance between total N input and output. As a consequence, the exchange of gaseous N species (NH3, NO, NO2, N2O, and N2) between grasslands and the atmosphere is very small compared to the total N turnover. In this study, the effects of two management options (mowing and fertilization) on production and emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) from a grass/clover crop were examined on the basis of observations and model results referring to an experiment carried out on the Swiss Plateau in late summer of 2000. It was found that production and emission of N2O induced by mowing were of the same order of magnitude as those brought about by fertilization, suggesting a possible transfer of N from clover to the soil after defoliation. Emissions were strongly modulated by precipitation on time scales ranging from 1 day to 1 week. This indicates that effective control of N2O emissions through management on a day-to-day basis requires reliable medium-range weather forecasts. Model calculations were not able to reproduce essential characteristics of the emissions. The model slightly overestimated the background emissions, but severely underestimated the emission peaks following fertilizer application, and largely failed to reproduce emission induced by mowing. Shortfalls in the model used for this study were found in relation to the description of soil-water fluxes, soil organic matter, and the physiology of clover.

scholarly journals Modeling Past, Present, and Future Urban Growth Impacts on Primary Agricultural Land in Greater Irbid Municipality, Jordan Using SLEUTH (1972–2050)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Rana N. Jawarneh
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Urban Growth Model ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Urban expansion and loss of primarily agricultural land are two of the challenges facing Jordan. Located in the most productive agricultural area of Jordan, Greater Irbid Municipality (GIM) uncontrolled urban growth has posed a grand challenge in both sustaining its prime croplands and developing comprehensive planning strategies. This study investigated the loss of agricultural land for urban growth in GIM from 1972–2050 and denoted the negative consequences of the amalgamation process of 2001 on farmland loss. The aim is to unfold and track historical land use/cover changes and forecast these changes to the future using a modified SLEUTH-3r urban growth model. The accuracy of prediction results was assessed in three different sites between 2015 and 2020. In 43 years the built-up area increased from 29.2 km2 in 1972 to 71 km2 in 2015. By 2050, the built-up urban area would increase to 107 km2. The overall rate of increase, however, showed a decline across the study period, with the periods of 1990–2000 and 2000–2015 having the highest rate of built-up areas expansion at 68.6 and 41.4%, respectively. While the agricultural area increased from 178 km2 in 1972 to 207 km2 in 2000, it decreased to 195 km2 in 2015 and would continue to decrease to 188 km2 by 2050. The district-level analysis shows that from 2000–2015, the majority of districts exhibited an urban increase at twice the rate of 1990–2000. The results of the net change analysis of agriculture show that between 1990 and 2000, 9 districts exhibited a positive gain in agricultural land while the rest of the districts showed a negative loss of agricultural land. From 2000 to 2015, the four districts of Naser, Nozha, Rawdah, and Hashmyah completely lost their agricultural areas for urbanization. By 2050, Idoon and Boshra districts will likely lose more than half of their high-quality agricultural land. This study seeks to utilize a spatially explicit urban growth model to support sustainable planning policies for urban land use through forecasting. The implications from this study confirm the worldwide urbanization impacts on losing the most productive agricultural land in the outskirts and consequences on food production and food security. The study calls for urgent actions to adopt a compact growth policy with no new land added for development as what is available now exceeds what is needed by 2050 to accommodate urban growth in GIM.

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