Lignite Thermal Upgrading and its Effect on Surface Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 887-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Guan ◽  
De Min He ◽  
Bin Bin Song ◽  
Qiu Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Oxygen Absorption ◽  
Functional Group Analysis ◽  
Mild Pyrolysis ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Lignite samples, Huolinhe(HLH) and Xiaolongtan(XLT) lignites were used for experiments. Mild pyrolysis experiments were carried out by final temperature 150～450°C. Physical and chemical properties have been investigated using thermogravimetric, FTIR analysis, nitrogen adsorption and oxygen-functional group analysis. Besides, the changes of the surface properties during upgrading were characterized in detail. The results show that specific surface area and moisture-holding capacity have the trend of first decreases and then increases in the upgrading temperature range. Furthermore, the decomposition of the oxygen-bearing functional groups on the coal surface which reduced the moisture-holding capacity. Oxygen absorption experiments indicate that thermal upgrading could decrease the tendency of lignite to spontaneous combustion.

Characterization of Shivirtui Zeolite Modified with Aluminum Oxyhydroxide Nanofibers

2019 ◽  
Vol 942 ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Yulia Murashkina ◽  
Olga B. Nazarenko
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Electronic Microscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Aluminum Oxyhydroxide

Natural zeolite of Shivirtui deposit (Russia) was modified with nanofibers of aluminum oxyhydroxide AlOOH. Aluminum oxyhydroxide nanofibers were produced at the heating and oxidation of aluminum powder with water. The properties of modified zeolite were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electronic microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, thermal analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was found that water content in the modified sample of zeolite was about 15 %. Based on the study of the physical and chemical properties, shivirtui zeolite modified with nanofibers of aluminum oxyhydroxide can be proposed for use as a flame-retardant additive to polymers.

C13 NMR Spectrum Analysis of Perfluoro Polyethers (PFPE) of Fluorocarbon-Based Magnetic Fluid’s Base Liquid

2011 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
Hong Chao Cui ◽  
De Cai Li ◽  
Peng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Magnetic Fluids ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Nmr Spectrum ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Base Liquid ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The physical and chemical properties of nanofluorocarbon-based magnetic fluids are deeply affected by the introduction of fluorinated base liquid. In this paper, firstly we introduce the concept, composition and classification of nanofluorocarbon-based magnetic fluids, then we discuss the properties, preparation and structure of perfluoro polyethers (PFPE); afterwards we analyze the NMR spectrum to infer the structure contained in the polymer in detail and systematically, further verify the functional group of PFPE.

scholarly journals Printability of variative nanocellulose derived papers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Ozcan ◽  
Ayhan Tozluoglu ◽  
Emine Arman Kandirmaz ◽  
Ahmet Tutus ◽  
Hakan Fidan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Cellulose Nanofiber ◽  
Cellulose Derivatives ◽  
Coated Papers ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract The printability properties of the paper can be increased by some processes applied to the surface. The use of non-recyclable materials derived from petroleum is decreasing day by day, and the demand for recyclable materials obtained from renewable sources is increasing. These materials include cellulose derivatives, starch types and polyvinyl alcohol. The materials ratios, sizes, physical and chemical properties of these materials used in the processes applied to the paper and the content of the paper will affect the strength of the paper as well as change the surface properties and significantly affect the printability.In this study, fluting and core board papers coated with different amounts of cellulose nanofiber/ cellulose nanofiber-oxidized (CNF/CNF-OX) were produced. Surface properties, contact angle, surface energy, color and gloss of the produced papers were measured by optical microscope, goniometer, spectrophotometer and glossmeter. The papers were printed with the IGT C1 offset printability tester. The color and gloss properties of the printed papers were measured. As a result, in terms of printability, it was determined that CNF/CNF-OX coated papers have smoother surfaces and give better results in terms of both gloss properties and printability.

Influence of tungsten sources on the synthesis and properties of ammonium dioxothiotungstate

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunfei Bi ◽  
Shuangqin Zeng ◽  
Dadong Li ◽  
Hong Nie
Keyword(s):  
Tungsten Oxide ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Detailed Characteristic ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractAmmonium dioxothiotungstate was synthesized using different tungsten sources and characterized in detail by powder X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption, and temperature-programmed sulfidation. It was found that tungsten oxide nanobelts are superior to ammonium metatungstate as tungsten source for the synthesis of ammonium dioxothiotungstate due to a time-consuming aging step being excluded from the synthesis route. Moreover, detailed characteristic data reveal that, when tungsten oxide nanobelts are used, the physical and chemical properties of the resulting ammonium dioxothiotungstate including particles size, specific surface area, and sulfidation pattern were improved. Also, the hydrodesulfurization measurements showed higher catalytic activity and balanced selectivity of the resulting ammonium dioxothiotungstate.

scholarly journals Halogen Bonding with Sulfur Functional Groups

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C651-C651
Author(s):  
Kevin Eccles ◽  
Robin Morrison ◽  
Abhijeet Sinha ◽  
Anita Maguire ◽  
Simon Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Crystal Packing ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Halogen Bonding ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Group A ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Crystal engineering has been defined as "the understanding of intermolecular interactions in the context of crystal packing and the utilisation of such understanding in the design of new solids with desired physical and chemical properties".[1] Halogen bonding is a significant type of intermolecular interaction involving a halogen atom with neutral or anionic components which has recently been exploited for the formation of multicomponent crystalline materials. Sulfur can exist in a variety of different oxidation states, giving rise to a wide variety of different functional groups that are potentially available for halogen bonding. We have recently reported our investigations with sulfoxide,[2] sulfone[2] and sulfinamide functional groups.[3] Herein we extend this work to include the thioamide functional group and compare it with its more extensively studied amide analogue. Investigation into the propensity for primary aromatic thioamides to form halogen interactions through the thiocarbonyl (C=S) functional group. A range of substituent aromatic primary thioamides containing different electronic substituents on the aromatic ring were synthesized and investigated for cocrystallisation. These cocrystals are held together by a combination of weak hydrogen bonding (N–H···S=C) and strong halogen interactions (C–X···S=C).

scholarly journals The Preparation of Boron-doped Activated Alumina by impregnating boron in the period of boehmite

2021 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
pp. 01026
Author(s):  
Rong Fu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Acidity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Chemical Environment ◽  
Activated Alumina ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
Pore Texture ◽  
Phase Surface ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This paper systematically studied the pore structure, crystal phase, surface acidity and the chemical environment of aluminum of boron-doped γ-alumina, by impregnating boron in the period of boehmite. The nitrogen adsorption, XRD, FTIR etc. technique was used to determine the pore texture, crystallography, acid/base properties and aluminum coordination. the XRD spectrum of boria-alumina have no significant change due to the addition of boron. The specific surface area and pore volume diameter of B-Al2O3 increase significantly. The NMR spectra of B-Al2O3 shows that boron changed the chemical environment of aluminum, which caused differences in the physical and chemical properties of the surface.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Hydrophilic Polyelectrolyte as Draw Solute for Forward Osmosis Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Khongnakorn ◽  
W. Bootluck
Keyword(s):  
Functional Group ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Solute Flux ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Lower Diffusion ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Synthesis and characterization of hydrophilic polyelectrolyte was performed in this work and used as draw solute for forward osmosis (FO) process. The effect of different ratios of acrylic acid (AA) and benzoyl peroxide (B) on the properties of polyelectrolyte was studied in this work. The physical and chemical properties of draw solution (DS) such as pH, conductivity, osmolality, viscosity, molecular weights and functional group were investigated. Results showed that the solution osmolality increased with increasing AA/B ratio. Self-synthesized polyelectrolytes with different molecular weights (MWs) were further correlated with its solution osmolality. The self-synthesized polyelectrolytes of PAA-K and PAA-Na showed an increasing of hydrophilic functional groups such as –OH or COOH. PAA-Na with lower MW and high osmotic pressure in the aqueous solution is found to exhibit a lower reverse solute flux during FO process. Meanwhile for the polyelectrolyte with higher MW, higher viscosity and lower diffusion coefficient were reported.

Research on Adsorption of H2S by Oil Shale Ash

2012 ◽  
Vol 463-464 ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Qin ◽  
Zhi Jia Tan ◽  
Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Oil Shale Ash ◽  
Shale Ash ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The ash of Huadian oil shale is made to remove H2S in this experiment. XRD and nitrogen adsorption experiments are used to analyze the physical and chemical properties of the ash, the results show that the ash of oil shale has many metal and nonmetal oxides, and also has much microporous and mesoporous, all above is helpful to remove H2S. The sample is modified by different ways to see the change of adsorption capacity. the sample which is modified by alkali and sprinkler is the best adsorbent, but the sample which is modified by microwave does not increase the removal ability obviously.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

Tailoring microstructures of materials through biomimetics

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sarikaya ◽  
Ilhan A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Structure Sensitive ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Successive Level ◽  
Engineering Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis Of Materials

Biomimetics involves investigation of structure, function, and methods of synthesis of biological composite materials. The goal is to apply this information to the design and synthesis of materials for engineering applications.Properties of engineering materials are structure sensitive through the whole spectrum of dimensions from nanometer to macro scale. The goal in designing and processing of technological materials, therefore, is to control microstructural evolution at each of these dimensions so as to achieve predictable physical and chemical properties. Control at each successive level of dimension, however, is a major challenge as is the retention of integrity between successive levels. Engineering materials are rarely fabricated to achieve more than a few of the desired properties and the synthesis techniques usually involve high temperature or low pressure conditions that are energy inefficient and environmentally damaging.In contrast to human-made materials, organisms synthesize composites whose intricate structures are more controlled at each scale and hierarchical order.

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