Analysis of Groundwater Seepage Characteristics in Cold Regions

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2565-2570
Author(s):  
Chang Lei Dai ◽  
Yi Ding Zhang ◽  
Ji Liang Wang ◽  
Xin Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Zone ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Saturated Zone ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Cold Regions ◽  
Groundwater Seepage ◽  
Recharge Sources ◽  
Seasonal Frozen Soil

Frozen soil in cold regions can be divided into 2 types --- seasonal frozen soil and permafrost. Because of the frozen soil layer, there are obvious differences between the characteristics of groundwater seepage in cold regions and normal regions. The paper analyses the disappearance regulation of frozen soil layer and the mechanism of groundwater seepage in the unsaturated zone and saturated zone under the seasonal frozen soil and permafrost. The results show that the frozen soil layer has obvious influence towards soil water seepage in the unsaturated zone during the freezing and thawing process. When the warm period comes, it makes influence of soil moisture conservation in the unsaturated zone. At this time, the freezing porosity is completely filled with the ice of volume expansion. It is equivalent to the impermeable layer that is difficult to receive the vertical recharge. In the permafrost area, the atmospheric precipitation and surface water are major recharge sources to the aquifer, and the aquifer can also receive recharge from groundwater. During the cold season, the surface is frozen and the rainfall recharge source is cut off. It will be unconfined seepage with free surface, and form a saturated zone above the permafrost layer. During the freezing period, with the increase of frozen depth, the aquifer will freeze from top to bottom, and it will convert to a confined aquifer.

scholarly journals Analysis of main points of channel freezing-thawing disease in cold region and influence of channel base soil on the disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 01090
Author(s):  
Liqing Liang
Keyword(s):  
North China ◽  
Hydraulic Structure ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Frost Heave ◽  
Cold Region ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Cold Regions ◽  
Seasonal Frozen Soil ◽  
Base Soil

The frozen soil area in China is more than two thirds of the total territory, so the problem of frost heave is obvious. Especially in northeast, northwest, north China and other cold regions, the problem of frost heave of hydraulic structures is very common. Canal is a common hydraulic structure in agricultural water, which is affected by seasonal frozen soil and may cause problems such as lining damage, seepage and irrigation efficiency. Therefore, this paper mainly summarizes the necessity of research on channel freezingthawing damage, the research direction of channel freezing-thawing damage, and expounds the influence of seasonal frozen soil on freezing and thawing diseases in cold regions by taking the particle size of saturated soil based on channel as an example.

Research on Frost Heaving of Subgrade Filling in Seasonal Frozen Soil Area

2014 ◽  
Vol 1065-1069 ◽  
pp. 783-787
Author(s):  
Jin Fang Hou ◽  
Rui Qi Zhang ◽  
Jian Yu
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Frost Heaving ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Seasonal Frozen Soil ◽  
Soil Area

Research on frost heaving of high speed railway subgrade filling in seasonal frozen soil area is developed indoor. Through freezing and thawing strength and frost heaving amount test, the research analyzes factors affecting frost heaving of subgrade filling, points out that water content, fine stuff admixing amount and plasticity of fine-grained soil have relatively large influence on frost heaving, while freezing temperature and freezing and thawing cycle index have relatively small influence. Water content is main factor to have effect on frost heaving of subgrade filling. When the water content reaches to some certain value, even coarse-grained soil can produce considerable frost heaving amount. Therefore, taking effective waterproof and drainage measures is of great importance in subgrade frost heaving prevention and treatment.

A Conceptual Model of Soil Moisture Movement in Seasonal Frozen Unsaturated Zone

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 2612-2618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Miao Sun ◽  
Chang Lei Dai ◽  
Hou Chu Liao ◽  
Di Fang Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Unsaturated Zone ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Moisture Movement ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Surface Evaporation ◽  
Thawing Process

Conceptual model is considered as one of the crucial and essential methods for scientific research on cold region hydrology. However, graphical conceptual model that integrates with a variety of influencing factors and specializes in describing soil moisture dynamic in seasonal frozen unsaturated zone has never occurred in any related researches, due to which the study on mechanism of frozen soil moisture movement has been delayed in a certain degree. Firstly, three stages of freezing and thawing process are divided in this article to serve for the further study in seasonal frozen unsaturated zone, which respectively are: the Stage of Freezing (Instable Freezing Stage and Stable Freezing Stage), the Stage of Thawing (Instable Thawing Stage and Stable Thawing Stage) and the Stage of Freeze-free. Secondly, based on different stages above, three characteristics and the relationships are analyzed, which include freeze-thaw-action and groundwater table, freeze-thaw-action and groundwater storage, freeze-thaw-action and soil surface evaporation. Thirdly, referred to related theories (Frozen Soil Hydrology and Snow & Ice Hydrology) and the construction of watershed model in warm regions, a whole set of graphical conceptual model and corresponding symbolic model have been built with freezing and thawing process as x-axis (time coordinate) and both soil frozen depth and different parameters as double y-axis. The different parameters include groundwater depth, soil water moisture rate and soil surface evaporation intensity. The graphical and symbolic conceptual models comprehensively describe the entire process and the factors relationships of soil moisture movement in seasonal frozen unsaturated zone. These models are expected to provide scientific basis for practical work in cold areas, such as hydrologic and hydraulic calculation in cold seasons, assessment and utilization of frozen area water resources and agricultural irrigation in cold regions, and also to provide references to the development of mathematical or experimental models in related researching fields.

Numerical Simulation Analysis on Effects of Freezing and Thawing on Workover Rig Anchor Pile Bearing Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 714-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Zhu ◽  
Long Qing Zou ◽  
Hai Long Fu
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Foundation Soil ◽  
Resistance Performance

Through simulating interaction between pile and foundation soil after establishing surface-surface contact element with finite element method and ANSYS software, the load resistance performance and ultimate strength of the ground anchor pile working for a workover derrick are achieved. In winter, frozen soil depth can be up to 2 meters in north china. When temperature rises in spring, the Polar grassland changes by three stages, namely, frozen, freeze thawing and melted. But for the large temperature difference between morning and evening, the state of the soil layer is extremely unstable which greatly affect the carrying capacity of anchor piles. This paper focuses on the melting influence of soil layer and the load resistance performance is studied. With a set of calculation parameter, the simulation result shows that the carrying capacity of anchor piles decreases 28% in melted state than freeze thawing.

Optimal Design of Grounding System Considering the Influence of Seasonal Frozen Soil Layer

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. He ◽  
Y. Gao ◽  
R. Zeng ◽  
W. Sun ◽  
J. Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Grounding System ◽  
Seasonal Frozen Soil

Effect of Water Table Rise on Migration and Transformation Law of Nitrate under the Condition of Rainfall in Saturated - Unsaturated Soil Layer

2012 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 820-826
Author(s):  
Shun Guo Bai ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Bei Dou Xi ◽  
Zhi Ye Yuan ◽  
Yue Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Unsaturated Zone ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Saturated Zone ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Test Items ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Water Table Rise

In this experiment, we simulated the migration and transformation law of nitrate under the condition of water table rise caused by rainfall in Changping District of Beijing. Two types of experimental apparatus were used in the experiment to simulate the distribution of NO3--N, NO2--N and NH4+-N, which were named soil column 1 and soil column 2. Soil column 2 was under the condition of rainfall and soil column 1 was for comparison. It took 50.3 hours for the experiment during which simples were taken and tested. The test items were the concentration of NO3--N, NO2--N and NH4+-N. The results indicated that (1) In unsaturated zone, the influence of leaching caused by rainfall on the concentrations of NO3--N and NH4+-N were significant. The decreasing range could reach to 95.9% and 90% which means that it was easily to lead to the contamination of groundwater. In saturated zone, NO3--N concentrations were mainly influenced by dispersion and could achieve balance between the dilution and dispersion with the increase of rainfall. The increasing range of NO3--N concentration was large, and the value could reach to 675%. In addition, the NH4+-N concentration had a slight trend of decrease. (2) Under the condition of rainfall, NO3--N concentrations increased in saturated zone, decreased in the path of water table rise and unsaturated zone. The NH4+-N concentrations had a decreasing trend in saturated-unsaturated zone. (3) NH4+-N concentrations in medium sand were more easily influenced by leaching from rainfall than those in silt.

A Study on the Analysis Method of Soil Layer Seismic Response in Seasonal Frozen Site

2012 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 872-875
Author(s):  
Zhuo Shi Chen ◽  
Shang Jiu Meng ◽  
Yu Run Li ◽  
Long Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Dynamic Shear Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Shear ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Soil Site ◽  
Seasonal Frozen Soil ◽  
The Impact

The analysis of ground motion on seasonal frozen soil mainly focused on the conventional soil, neglecting the impact of the permafrost which causes the obvious defeats in the existed calculation procedure. In this paper, the author proposed that we should apply the field test of shear wave velocity to the soil layer response calculation, improve the test method of dynamic shear modulus, and adopt the regular analysis method of soil layer response to the calculation of frozen soil site.

Feasibility Analysis on Implement of Freeze Roadway Cooling Technology in Coal Mine of Heilongjiang Province

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 1830-1833
Author(s):  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Xi Ming Liu ◽  
Xian Li Qin ◽  
Shu Ren Xing
Keyword(s):  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Feasibility Analysis ◽  
Geological Condition ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Cooling Technology

Freeze roadway cooling technology is delivering cold quantity to cooling underground face by storage cooling energy in strata, and the effect of storaging cold is critical. The geographical position and geological condition of coal mine in Heilongjiang Province has remarkable characteristics. The feasibility of freeze roadway cooling measure was demonstrated on temperature, geothermal, constant temperature strata and frozen soil layer, etc. by analyzed its advantage adequately. The measure provides a new idea which suits the native situation for prevent the heat-harm in coal mine, it also has the realistic reference value and is worth popularizing.

Geothermal modeling of soil or mine tailings with concurrent freezing and deposition

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF (Derick) Nixon ◽  
Nick Holl
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
Geothermal Model ◽  
Winter Time ◽  
Upper Boundary ◽  
Good Agreement

A geothermal model is described that simulates simultaneous deposition, freezing, and thawing of mine tailings or sequentially placed layers of embankment soil. When layers of soil or mine tailings are placed during winter subfreezing conditions, frozen layers are formed in the soil profile that may persist with time. The following summer, warmer soil placement may not be sufficient to thaw out layers from the preceding winter. Remnant frozen soil layers may persist for many years or decades. The analysis is unique, as it involves a moving upper boundary and different surface snow cover functions applied in winter time. The model is calibrated based on two uranium mines in northern Saskatchewan. The Rabbit Lake scenario involves tailings growth to a height of 120 m over a period of 24 years. At Key Lake, tailings increase in height at a rate of 1.3 m/year. Good agreement between the observed position of frozen layers and those predicted by the model is obtained. Long-term predictions indicate that from 80 to 200 years would be required to thaw out the frozen layers formed during placement, assuming 1992 placement conditions continue. Deposition rates of 1.5-3 m/year give the largest amounts of frozen ground. The amount of frozen ground is sensitive to the assumed snow cover function during winter.Key words: geothermal, model, tailings, freezing, deposition.

scholarly journals A simple model for predicting soil temperature in snow-covered and seasonally frozen soil: model description and testing

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rankinen ◽  
T. Karvonen ◽  
D. Butterfield
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Specific Heat Capacity ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Abstract. Microbial processes in soil are moisture, nutrient and temperature dependent and, consequently, accurate calculation of soil temperature is important for modelling nitrogen processes. Microbial activity in soil occurs even at sub-zero temperatures so that, in northern latitudes, a method to calculate soil temperature under snow cover and in frozen soils is required. This paper describes a new and simple model to calculate daily values for soil temperature at various depths in both frozen and unfrozen soils. The model requires four parameters: average soil thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity of soil, specific heat capacity due to freezing and thawing and an empirical snow parameter. Precipitation, air temperature and snow depth (measured or calculated) are needed as input variables. The proposed model was applied to five sites in different parts of Finland representing different climates and soil types. Observed soil temperatures at depths of 20 and 50 cm (September 1981–August 1990) were used for model calibration. The calibrated model was then tested using observed soil temperatures from September 1990 to August 2001. R2-values of the calibration period varied between 0.87 and 0.96 at a depth of 20 cm and between 0.78 and 0.97 at 50 cm. R2-values of the testing period were between 0.87 and 0.94 at a depth of 20cm, and between 0.80 and 0.98 at 50cm. Thus, despite the simplifications made, the model was able to simulate soil temperature at these study sites. This simple model simulates soil temperature well in the uppermost soil layers where most of the nitrogen processes occur. The small number of parameters required means that the model is suitable for addition to catchment scale models. Keywords: soil temperature, snow model

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