The Flame Retardant Synergism between Cobalt Complexes and Ammonium Polyphosphate in Cottonwood

2012 ◽  
Vol 568 ◽  
pp. 287-290
Author(s):  
Li Ping Yuan ◽  
Guo Yun Wu ◽  
Ge Tian ◽  
Yun Chu Hu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
Isonicotinic Acid ◽  
Cobalt Complexes ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Solvent Water ◽  
Flame Retarded ◽  
Coordinated Water

The synergistic flame-retarded effects of a similar molecular sieve [Co5(OH)2(tca)2(ina)2 (H2O)2]•4H2O(Co5) and ammonium polyphosphate(APP) on cottonwood was studied. Compared with APP added individually, when the addition of Co5 was 1.7%, THR reduced 18.3% and the mass loss reduced 7.7%. The TGA showed that the processes of losing solvent water, coordinated water, tricarballylic acid and isonicotinic acid ligands can inhibit burning and lower the weightlessness rate. The flame retardancy of APP/Co5 was superior to that used APP individually, Co5 showed good synergistic flame-retarded effects.

scholarly journals Layer-by-layer assembly flame-retardant and anti-dripping treatment of polyethylene terephthalate fabrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 155892501987030
Author(s):  
Yinchun Fang ◽  
Xinhua Liu ◽  
Cuie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Layer By Layer Assembly ◽  
Branched Polyethylenimine ◽  
Layer Assembly

Layer-by-layer assembly is a simple and effective method which has been widely studied to improve the flame retardancy of textiles in recent years. In this article, flame-retardant and anti-dripping polyethylene terephthalate fabrics were successfully prepared by layer-by-layer assembly branched polyethylenimine and ammonium polyphosphate on their surface. The results of limiting oxygen index values and vertical burning test revealed that the flame retardancy and anti-dripping performance of polyethylene terephthalate fabrics were improved after the layer-by-layer assembly treatment; especially, the dripping phenomenon was eliminated when the number of branched polyethylenimine/ammonium polyphosphate bilayers was over 10. The influence of alkali treatment of polyethylene terephthalate fabrics before layer-by-layer assembly was also investigated. The results showed that alkali treatment of the polyethylene terephthalate fabrics would promote the combination of polyethylene terephthalate fabrics and the charged flame retardants indicating better flame retardancy. The results of thermogravimetric analysis revealed that layer-by-layer assembly treatment of polyethylene terephthalate fabrics would promote char formation both under the nitrogen atmosphere and under the air atmosphere which may act through condensed phase action. The scanning electron microscopy images of the char residues revealed that the layer-by-layer assembly treatment of polyethylene terephthalate fabrics would promote the formation of a compact and intact char residue, which was beneficial for the improvement of flame retardancy and anti-dripping performance. This research would provide the experimental basis for the effective flame retardancy and anti-dripping performance of polyethylene terephthalate fabric.

Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Property of Bi-Layer Polypropylene Sheets with Flame Retardant Selective Distribution

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 2145-2148
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan Xu ◽  
Zheng Hong Guo ◽  
Zheng Ping Fang ◽  
Yu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Fracture Strain ◽  
Selective Distribution ◽  
Char Layer

The flame performance and mechanical property of bi-layer polypropylene/intumescent flame retardant/clay (PP/IFR/clay) sheets with flame retardant selective distribution were studied. The cone calorimeter measurements demonstrated that the selective distributed IFR can further reduce the peak first heat release rate (PHRR1), especially for the reduction in normalized mass loss. The digital images for the char residues after cone tests suggested that the char layer formed by the IFR particles in the selective distribution PP samples was more rapid and effective. The presence of IFR particles decreased the tensile strength and fracture strain of PP/IFR composites. The IFR composite with IFR particles selective in one layer can improve the fracture strain.

scholarly journals Enhanced Thermal Insulation and Flame-Retardant Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Aerogels Composited with Ammonium Polyphosphate and Chitosan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
MinYi Luo ◽  
Jiayou Xu ◽  
Shu Lv ◽  
XueFeng Yuan ◽  
Xiaolan Liang
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Composite Aerogel ◽  
Composite Aerogels

Polyvinyl alcohol- (PVA-) based aerogels have attracted widespread attention owing to their low cost, eco-friendliness, and low density. However, the applications of PVA-based aerogels are limited by their flammability. In this study, a flame retardant, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and a biopolymer, chitosan (CS), were added to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the polymer was further crosslinked using boric acid (H3BO3). In the PVA aerogels, the negatively charged APP and positively charged CS formed a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) through ionic interaction. Cone calorimetry and vertical burning tests (UL-94) indicated that the PVA composite aerogels have excellent flame retardancy; they could decrease the heat release rate, total heat release rate, and carbon dioxide (CO2) generation. Both PVA/H3BO3 and APP-CS in the composite aerogel could be burned to carbon, and the foamed char layer could act together to impart the PVA composite aerogels with good flame retardancy. Further, the decrease in the temperature at the backside of the aerogels with increasing APP-CS content, as determined by the flame-spraying experiment, indicated that the PVA-based aerogels with APP-CS can also serve as thermal insulation materials. This work provides an effective and promising method for the preparation of PVA-based aerogels with good flame retardancy and thermal insulation property for construction materials.

Interaction of Flame-Retardant and Untreated Cotton Fabrics during Burning

1977 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley R. Hobart ◽  
Charles H. Mack
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Transfer Effect ◽  
Geometrical Configuration ◽  
Untreated Cotton ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Flame Retarded

Transfer of flame retardancy from fabric treated with THPOH-NH3 to untreated cotton fabric during burning was observed on fabric samples sewed together with glass thread. The transfer effect was evidenced by the development of substantial char and the presence of phosphorus and nitrogen in the char of the untreated fabric. Oxygen-index determinations on multilayered combinations of flame-retarded (FR) and untreated fabrics also supported this observation. The extent of FR transfer varied with the geometrical configuration of the layers and the FR add-on. Tests showed that smoke from combustion of THPOH-NH3-treated fabric, passed through untreated cotton fabric, was the means of transfer of phosphorus, nitrogen, and flame retardancy. The FR transfer effect was also demonstrated for several other phosphorus-containing flame-retardancy treatments.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effects of Two-Dimensional MXene and Ammonium Polyphosphate on Enhancing the Fire Safety of Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Aerogels

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Sheng ◽  
Sihao Li ◽  
Yanfeng Zhao ◽  
Dongsheng Zhai ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Transition Metal Carbide ◽  
Metal Carbide ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Composite Aerogels

Fire and smoke suppressions of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aerogels are urgently required due to the serious fire hazard they present. MXene, a 2D transition-metal carbide with many excellent properties, is considered a promising synergist for providing excellent flame retardant performance. PVA/ammonium polyphosphate (APP)/transition metal carbide (MXene) composite aerogels were prepared via the freeze-drying method to enhance the flame retardancy. Thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index, vertical burning, and cone calorimeter tests were executed to investigate the thermal stability and flame retardancy of PVA/APP/MXene (PAM) composite aerogels. The results demonstrated that MXene boosted the flame retardancy of PVA-APP, and that PAM-2 (with 2.0 wt% MXene loading) passed the V-0 rating, and reached a maximum LOI value of 42%; Moreover, MXene endowed the PVA-APP system with excellent fire and smoke suppression performance, as the the peak heat release rate and peak smoke production rate were significantly reduced by 55% and 74% at 1.0 wt% MXene loading. The flame retardant mechanism was systematically studied, MXene facilitated the generation of compact intumescent residues via ita catalyst effects, thus further restraining the release of heat and smoke. This work provides a simple route to improve the flame retardancy of PVA aerogels via the synergistic effect of MXene and APP.

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