Thermodynamic Research of Inclusion Forming in FeSiB Alloy Based on Energy Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 577 ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Ding Guo Zhao ◽  
Xiao Jie Cui ◽  
Shu Huan Wang ◽  
He Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Master Alloy ◽  
Energy Materials

The thermodynamic analysis shown that oxygen content in master alloy is very low, so other alloy elements content which are balance to oxygen are relatively high. In the amorphous master alloy, deoxidizing capacity of silicon is stronger than boron, and with process of decrease of the temperature, oxygen content decrease. The silicon in the master alloy can also take off the oxygen content below 1 ppm. Denitrification capacity of boron is stronger than silicon, and with process of decrease of the temperature, nitrogen content decrease. The boron in the master alloy can also take off the nitrogen content below 4 ppm. All of the research are based on energy materials and it will be useful for the development for energy saving.

NO x and N2O Emissions During Fluidized Bed Combustion of Leather Wastes

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Bahillo ◽  
Lourdes Armesto ◽  
Andrés Cabanillas ◽  
Juan Otero
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Leather Wastes ◽  
Leather Waste

Transformation of hide (animal skins) into leather is a complicated process during which significant amounts of wastes are generated. Fluidized bed combustion has been extended to burn different wastes that have problems with their disposal showing its technical feasibility. Considering the characteristics of the leather waste, especially the heating value (12.5-21MJ∕kg), it is a fairly good fuel. Moreover, leather waste has a high volatile matter, 65%, similar to other biomasses and unusual high nitrogen content, 14%. The aim of this work was to study leather wastes combustion in fluidized bed presenting experimental results regarding NOx and N2O emissions. A series of experiments were carried out in a fluidized bed pilot plant to understand the importance of operating parameters such as furnace temperature, oxygen content in gases, staged combustion and residence time on the NOx and N2O emission level. Despite having high nitrogen content, low conversion of N-fuel to NOx and N2O was measured during the combustion of leather waste in BFB. Bed temperature and oxygen content were found as the most important single parameters on N2O emission and only oxygen content has a significant influence on NOx emission. Leather waste exhibits a great NOx∕O2 trend; NOx emission decreases as the oxygen concentration decreases while the effect of combustion temperature on NOx is insignificant. Staged combustion does not give a reduction in NOx.

Synthesis, characterization and thermolysis studies on triazole and tetrazole based high nitrogen content high energy materials

2006 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 672-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sivabalan ◽  
M. Anniyappan ◽  
S.J. Pawar ◽  
M.B. Talawar ◽  
G.M. Gore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
High Energy Materials

scholarly journals Development of a simulation model of energy-saving system based on CCGT-110 and ABСM for energy and thermodynamic analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
L. V. Galimova ◽  
D. Z. Bayramov
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Nonlinear Approximation ◽  
C Programming Language ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
C Programming ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Manual Calculation

Objectives. Simulation modeling is increasingly being used for the study of complex economic, technical, biological, etc. systems. Such systems are characterized by multifactorial relationships of their functioning, nonlinear dependencies between system elements and stochasticity of their parameters, etc. The purpose of this work is to develop a simulation model based on the C# programming language for the energy-saving CCGT-110 and ABCM system based on the results of manual analysis according to the data of a full-scale experiment.Method. Methods of linear and nonlinear approximation, methods of energy and thermodynamic analysis, as well as methods of mathematical simulation modeling are used to develop the simulation model.Result.The result of this work is the developed software SAESS 3.0, which allows you to analyze the operation of the CCGT-110 and ABCM systems together and  separately  in  a  wide  range  of  parameters  and  in  real  time.  Conclusion.To  assess  the adequacy of the developed program, a comparative analysis of software and manual calculation was carried out. Deviations do not exceed an average of 3 %, which confirms the reliability of the simulation model.

Deliberation towards Explanation of Coriolis Force in Geography Study Based on Energy Saving and Applications of Energy Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 578 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Hong Li Liu ◽  
Teng Fei Gong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Coriolis Force ◽  
New Method ◽  
Earth’S Rotation ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Earth's Rotation ◽  
Experimental Energy

Coriolis force is the deflection force of the earth's rotation, which affects the movement of objects on Earth and has widely impact on the Geography study. The Coriolis force influences widely in the geological phenomena, such as geology, hydrology, and meteorology, which is useful for energy saving and applications of enery materials. However, its explaination with latitude and longitude lines is open to question in Geography. In this paper, based on experimental energy saving and applications of energy materials, we analysis Coriolis force from Mechanical, then lead into the concept of the Coriolis force, point and analyzed the lack of the explaination with latitude and longitude lines, and give a new method to explain the Coriolis force from experimental view.

Degassing Behavior and Solid State Reaction of Nano-Ti(CN) Base Cermets in Sintering

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 1104-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Zhu Zhou ◽  
Ye Xia Qin ◽  
Chun Lei Wan ◽  
Kai Qi Liu ◽  
Long Hao Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Two Phases

The chemical composition and solid state reaction of the nano-Ti(CN) base cermets in different sintering temperature were studied. The total carbon and oxygen content in compact were declined gradually with the increasing of sintering temperature, the nitrogen content in compact began to decline above 1100°C, the peak of de-gassing of N2 was formed before the emergence of liquid phase, the decomposition of N2 was arisen acutely above 1500°C. Mo2C and TaC diffused and took part in solid state reaction with Ti(CN) above 900°C, the solid state reaction was finished below 1200°C. WC diffused and took part in solid state reaction with Ti(CN) above 1100°C, it was dissolved below 1250°C, there were only two phases, Ti(CN) and Ni(Ni+Co), in the alloy.

NOx and N2O Emissions During Fluidized Bed Combustion of Leather Wastes

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Bahillo ◽  
Lourdes Armesto ◽  
Andres Cabanillas ◽  
Juan Otero
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Leather Wastes ◽  
Leather Waste

Transformation of hide (animal skins) into leather is a complicated process during which a significant amounts of wastes are generated. Fluidized bed combustion has been extended to burn different wastes that have problems with their disposal showing its technical feasibility. Considering the characteristics of the leather waste, especially the heating value (12.5–21 MJ/kg), it is a fairly good fuel. Moreover, leather waste has a high volatile matter, 65%, similar to other biomasses and an unusual high nitrogen content, 14%. The first objective of this work is to study the fluidized bed combustion of leather wastes presenting experimental results regarding NOx and N2O emissions. A series of experiments have been carried out in a fluidized bed pilot plant to understand the importance of operating parameters such as furnace temperature, oxygen content in gases, staged combustion and residence time on the NOx and N2O emission level. Despite having high nitrogen content, low conversion of N-fuel to NOx and N2O was measured during the combustion of leather waste in BFB. Bed temperature and oxygen content were found as the most important single parameters on N2O emission and only oxygen content has a significant influence on NOx emission. Leather waste exhibits a great NOx/O2 trend; NOx decreases as the oxygen concentration decreases and the effect of the combustion temperature on NOx is insignificant. Staged combustion does not give a reduction in NOx.

FA-Based Optimal Strategy of Train’s Energy Saving with Energy Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 485 ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Hu
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Optimal Strategy ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Ga Algorithm ◽  
Firefly Optimization ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Firefly Optimization Algorithm

According to one energy-efficient mathematical model which usually uses GA algorithm to solve, a new algorithm based on firefly optimization algorithm is applied to solve it. Through calculation for a cited example, simulation results such as speed-position curve are got. Compared with other methods, it demonstrates this new FA-based algorithm has a better performance and can be considered to be put into practical use.

Thermodynamic Analysis on the Minimum of Oxygen Content in the Deoxidation Equilibrium Curve in Liquid Iron

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Wei Han ◽  
Pei-Xian Chen ◽  
Shao-Jun Chu
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Liquid Iron ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Interaction Parameters ◽  
Equilibrium Curve ◽  
Interaction Coefficients ◽  
First Order ◽  
Deoxidation Equilibrium ◽  
Special Case

AbstractThe minimum of oxygen content in the deoxidation equilibrium in liquid iron was thermodynamically analyzed in the present paper. Two criteria were developed to determine the existence of the minimum. The first criterion was $$0 \le x\gamma _{\rm{M}}^{\rm{M}} + y\gamma _{\rm{O}}^{\rm{M}} \le \min ({x \mathord{\left/{\vphantom {x {4.606[\% {\rm{M}}]_{{\rm{ex}}}^2}}} \right.\kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {4.606[\% {\rm{M}}]_{{\rm{ex}}}^2}},{{{{(xe_{\rm{M}}^{\rm{M}} + ye_{\rm{O}}^{\rm{M}})}^2}} \mathord{\left/{\vphantom {{{{(xe_{\rm{M}}^{\rm{M}} + ye_{\rm{O}}^{\rm{M}})}^2}} {3.474x}}} \right.\kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {3.474x}})$$ with $$xe_{\rm{M}}^{\rm{M}} + ye_{\rm{O}}^{\rm{M}} \lt 0$$, or $$x\gamma _{\rm{M}}^{\rm{M}} + y\gamma _{\rm{O}}^{\rm{M}}{\rm{\lt 0}}$$. And the second criterion was $$(xe_{\rm{M}}^{\rm{O}} + ye_{\rm{O}}^{\rm{O}}) + {y \mathord{\left/{\vphantom {y {2.303{{[\% {\rm{O}}]}_{{\rm{ex}}}}}}} \right.\kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {2.303{{[\% {\rm{O}}]}_{{\rm{ex}}}}}} \gt 0$$. The criteria in terms of first-order activity interaction parameters were the special case of present thermodynamic analysis with neglecting the second-order activity interaction parameters. They were not fit for the case of $$xe_{\rm{M}}^{\rm{M}} + ye_{\rm{O}}^{\rm{M}} \gt 0$$, in which case the criteria in terms of second-order activity interaction parameters should be taken into account to determine the existence of the minimum. The value 0.11 of $$e_{{\rm{Si}}}^{{\rm{Si}}}$$ was smaller based on the existence of the minimum for the Fe-O-Si system. It was guaranteed that the minimum value of oxygen content on the deoxidation equilibrium curve existed at silicon content 20 mass%, when the value 0.32 of $$e_{{\rm{Si}}}^{{\rm{Si}}}$$ was chosen, and the second-order activity interaction coefficients $$\gamma _{{\rm{Si}}}^{{\rm{Si}}}$$ and $$\gamma _{\rm{O}}^{{\rm{Si}}}$$ satisfied the condition $$\gamma _{{\rm{Si}}}^{{\rm{Si}}} + 2\gamma _{\rm{O}}^{{\rm{Si}}} = - 1.54 \times {10^{- 3}}$$.

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