Analysis on the Residual Stresses in Functionally Gradient Fe360/Glass-Ceramic Coatings

2013 ◽  
Vol 717 ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
Li Ming Zhou ◽  
Wei Gong ◽  
En Ze Wang
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Functionally Gradient ◽  
Gradient Coatings

A novel functionally gradient composite was reported in this article. The composite material are composed of plain low carbon steel Fe360 as a substrate and glass-ceramics containing ZrO2 reinforcing particles as a coating. Based on a mathematical model of the residual stress, the geometric model and finite element analysis models of the Fe360/glass-ceramic gradient coatings were established. The residual stress of the gradient layers was calculated with the commercial software ANSYS 10.0. The results showed that the differences of thermal expansion coefficient and shrinkage rate in each layer resulting from the difference of the volume fraction of ZrO2 in each gradient layer could make the surface layer generate suitable compressive stress. The maximum residual stress presents itself at the interface between the substrate and the gradient coatings. The layer numbers and the thickness of graded coatings have a significant effect on the residual stress.

Powdering in Coating Layer of Galvannealed Nb-Ti Free Extra Low Carbon Steel Sheet

2007 ◽  
Vol 345-346 ◽  
pp. 1089-1092
Author(s):  
S.I. Kim ◽  
D.J. Paik ◽  
Shi Hoon Choi ◽  
D.W. Kim ◽  
Y.C. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Behavior ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Hardness Variation

We have studied the fracture behavior of coating layer when low and high alloying galvannealed (GA) steels are subject to forming process. To understand better powdering features in the coating layer of the steel sheets, we carried out V-bending test and a series of finite element analysis which simulates damage characteristics in the coating layer. Results showed that the powdering behavior in the coating is significantly affected by the soundness and volume fraction of phases in the coating layer. The hardness variation of coating layers attributed to different phases leads to different deformation behavior of the coating layer itself.

Transversed Residual Stress Analysis on Multipassed Fillet Weld 2D-Using FEM and Experiment

2012 ◽  
Vol 576 ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
Mohd Ridhwan Mohammed Redza ◽  
Yupiter H.P. Manurung ◽  
Robert Ngendang A. Lidam ◽  
Mohd Shahar Sulaiman ◽  
Mohammad Ridzwan Abdul Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Robotic Welding ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Fillet Weld ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Fea Simulation

In this project, the residual stress due to multipassed welding process at the fillet weld will be studied using 2D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulation method and experimental investigation. Due to the extensive capabilities and dedicated tools for the simulation of welding, including material deposit via element activation or deactivation and predefined or customized moving heat sources, SYSWELD 2010 was chosen as the FEA software. The material with a thickness of 9 mm was structural steel S355J2G3 for simulation and low carbon steel for the experiment. The clamping condition was selected to obtain the best relationship between simulation and experiment by using Strain Gage. The model was dedicated to multipassed welding using the robotic welding system

Fatigue Analysis of Cladded HPHT Pressure Containing Equipment

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumarswamy Karpanan ◽  
Nicholas Gatherar
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Test Pressure

Large, pressure-containing equipment used in subsea production, including Christmas trees (XTs), gate valves, flowloops, jumpers, and connectors, are constructed of low-carbon steel and cladded with corrosion resistant alloys such as Alloy 625. Cladding is a welding process that generates high tensile residual stresses on the cladded layer and on the heat affected zone (HAZ). High pressure high temperature (HPHT) equipment for subsea applications, designed to operate above 15 ksi internal pressure and 350°F, is also cladded. This equipment experiences severe working conditions in the field, plus cyclic loading during operations, such as riser loads, installation, intervention and, most importantly, startup and shutdown sequences. Per API 17TR8 guidelines, all HPHT equipment be hydrostatically tested to 1.5 times the equipment rated working pressure (RWP). For 20 ksi equipment, the hydrostatic test pressure is 30 ksi, which can significantly deform any highly localized stressed regions. These regions deform plastically when test pressure is applied. When the pressure is bled, these regions experience high compressive stresses due to surrounding materials that are still elastic. This paper analyzes a simplified HPHT cladded gate valve (GV) body for fatigue loading (pressure cycles only) using the ASME Sec VIII, Div-3 method. The fatigue stress amplitude is calculated using an elastic-plastic material (E-P method) finite element analysis. In this method, first, the residual stress from the cladding process is simulated, and then the hydrotest is simulated on the component. During the hydrostatic test, fatigue sensitive regions (FSRs) or highly localized stressed regions such as the valve cavity and seat pockets, deform plastically, and the initial weld tensile residual stress turns to compressive (similar to autofrettage). Later, when these components are subjected to working pressure cycles (startup and shutdown), the shear stress range remains the same but the mean stress on the FSR reduces significantly. By considering all types of residual stresses, the high cycle fatigue life can be predicted with a high degree of accuracy.

Measurement and Calculation of Elastic Properties in Low Carbon Steel Sheet

2005 ◽  
Vol 495-497 ◽  
pp. 1591-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Luzin ◽  
S. Banovic ◽  
Thomas Gnäupel-Herold ◽  
Henry Prask ◽  
R.E. Ricker
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Elastic Property ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Steel Sheet ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carbon Steel Sheet

Low carbon steel (usually in sheet form) has found a wide range of applications in industry due to its high formability. The inner and outer panels of a car body are good examples of such an implementation. While low carbon steel has been used in this application for many decades, a reliable predictive capability of the forming process and “springback” has still not been achieved. NIST has been involved in addressing this and other formability problems for several years. In this paper, texture produced by the in-plane straining and its relationship to springback is reported. Low carbon steel sheet was examined in the as-received condition and after balanced biaxial straining to 25%. This was performed using the Marciniak in-plane stretching test. Both experimental measurements and numerical calculations have been utilized to evaluate anisotropy and evolution of the elastic properties during forming. We employ several techniques for elastic property measurements (dynamic mechanical analysis, static four point bending, mechanical resonance frequency measurements), and several calculation schemes (orientation distribution function averaging, finite element analysis) which are based on texture measurements (neutron diffraction, electron back scattering diffraction). The following objectives are pursued: a) To test a range of different experimental techniques for elastic property measurements in sheet metals; b) To validate numerical calculation methods of the elastic properties by experiments; c) To evaluate elastic property changes (and texture development) during biaxial straining. On the basis of the investigation, recommendations are made for the evaluation of elastic properties in textured sheet metal.

The Structure, Microhardness and Wear Resistance of Coatings Obtained through Non-Vacuum Electron Beam Cladding of Chromium and Titanium Carbides on Low Carbon Steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 927 ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana A. Krylova ◽  
Konstantin V. Ivanov ◽  
Vladimir E. Ovcharenko
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Indentation Tests ◽  
Titanium Carbides

An interrelation between structural features, microhardness and wear resistance was studied in the coatings obtained by non-vacuum relativistic electron beam cladding of chromium and titanium carbides powder mixture on low carbon steel. Five coatings differing in the amount of the entered energy were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), indentation tests and wear resistance measurements. It was found that the concentration of alloying elements both in solid solution and eutectic as well as the volume fraction of eutectic are the main structural characteristics which defines the microhardness of the coatings. The distribution of TiC phase plays a key role in the resistance to wear.

Impeller Finite Element Analysis of Extractable Explosion-Proof Contra-Rotating Axial Fan for Mine Local Ventilation FBDC

2012 ◽  
Vol 605-607 ◽  
pp. 1372-1376
Author(s):  
Qiu Dong He ◽  
Wen Qi Yu ◽  
Shu Fen Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Axial Fan ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Local Ventilation ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

To improve the impeller safety and reliability of extractable explosion-proof contra-rotating axial fan for mine local ventilation, Extractable Fan FBDC№9.0/2×30 was taken as the research object, and an approximate three-dimensional finite element computation model was built by using ANSYS software. The stress and displacement were calculated, too. By testing, the fan works stably. The air quantity is 655-978 m3/min, total pressure, 3443-412Pa, static pressure, 3314-118Pa. And the highest static pressure efficiency is up to 70.35%, A-weight Specific Sound Level is 17.5dB. Furthermore, the intension and stiffness of the impeller meet requirements. Sample test and field using show that the computation and the model of this impeller are right. Through reasonable design, the impeller of contra-rotating axial fan with equally-thick circular arc blade profile and ordinary hot-rolling low-carbon steel blades has the intension and the stiffness which meets demands, and the air performance reaches higher level.

The Influence of Residual Stress on Fatigue Cracking

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Okamoto ◽  
H. Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Surface Crack ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Nonlinear Stress ◽  
Inner Surface

The influence of residual stress on fatigue crack growth was experimentally and analytically investigated for surface cracks. Fatigue tests were performed on straight pipes of low-carbon steel with a circumferential inner surface crack in laboratory air environment. Some of the test pipes had been subjected to special heat treatments so as to have compressive or tensile residual stresses along inner surface. The results show that the compressive residual stress remarkably suppresses the surface crack growth, while the tensile residual stress does not accelerate the crack growth very much. The crack growth analyses were conducted by the application of power relationship between ΔK and da/dN. The stress intensity factors due to the nonlinear stress field were calculated by the weight function method. The analyses resulted in a confirmation of the behavior of the crack growth observed in the experiments.

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