Studies on the Hydrodynamic Diameter and Aggregation Number of Nonionic Switchable Surfactant

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1638-1642
Author(s):  
Guang Li ◽  
Sen Lin Tian ◽  
Jian Long ◽  
Yan Hua Niu ◽  
Shu Jiao Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Fluorescence Probe ◽  
Aggregation Number ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Steady State Fluorescence ◽  
Micelle Aggregation Number ◽  
The Mean

An Investigation of the micelle aggregation number (N) and hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) is conducted on nonionic switchable surfactant 11-ferrocenylundecyl polyoxyethylene ether (FPEG), the micelle aggregation number of FPEG solution is determined by steady-state fluorescence probe, the results show that the micelle aggregation number (N) increase linearly with the concentration range from 5 to 12 times CMC of FPEG solutions. The critical micelle aggregation number Nmwhich means that the aggregation number of surfactant at the concentration of CMC is calculated to be 66. The hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) of FPEG micelle is determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS), the measurement angle is fixed at 90°and the wavelength is 532nm, the distribution data analyses by NNLS (non-negatively constrained least square) algorithm, the results reveal that the mean value of Dhat the concentration of 0.5 mmolL-1is 7.8nm. the POLY value, which used to explain the micelle polydispersity in the aqueous solution, is measured and the results show that the POLY values are slightly different, this indicates that the micelle aggregation morphology of FPEG is polydispersity in the aqueous solution.

scholarly journals A Note on the Tracing of Herbage Contribution to Grazing Sheep Diet Using Milk and Feces Biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Molle ◽  
Andrea Cabiddu ◽  
Mauro Decandia ◽  
Marco Acciaro ◽  
Giuseppe Scanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Partial Least Square Regression ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Animal Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Explained Variance

Milk from grazing ruminants is usually rich in beneficial components for human health, but distinguishing milks sourced from grazing is difficult, and this hinders the valuing of the grazing benefit. This study aimed at evaluating the ability of milk biomarkers (1) to trace milks sourced from sheep submitted to different access times (ATs) to pasture and (2) to estimate sheep herbage dry matter intake (HDMI, g DM ewe−1 d−1) and herbage percentage (HP, % DM) in sheep diet. Animal data derive from a published experiment in which six replicated groups of mid-lactation Sarda sheep had ATs of 2, 4, or 6 h d−1 to a ryegrass pasture. Sheep HDMI and HP of each group were measured on four dates in April 2013. Group milk was sampled, and milk fatty acids (FAs) and n-alkanes were determined by gas chromatography. The latter markers were also measured in feces samples bulked by group. The data (N = 24 records) were submitted to Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) aimed at distinguishing the AT to pasture based on biomarkers previously selected by Genetic Algorithms (GA). Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) models were used to estimate HDMI and HP using biomarkers selected by GA. Based on one milk alkane and six milk FAs as biomarkers, estimates of the AT using GA-LDA were 95.8% accurate. The estimation of HDMI by GA-PLSR based on five milk FAs was moderately precise [explained variance = 75.2%; percentage of the residual mean square error of cross-validation over the mean value (RMSECV%) = 15.0%]. The estimation of HP by GA-PLSR based on 1 milk alkane and 10 FAs was precise (explained variance = 80.8%; RMSECV% = 7.4%). To conclude, these preliminary results suggest that milks sourced from sheep flocks with AT to pasture differentiated by 2 h in the range 2–6 h d−1 can be precisely discriminated using milk biomarkers. The contribution of herbage to sheep diet can also be precisely estimated.

scholarly journals AN OUTLIER DETECTION METHOD IN GEODETIC NETWORKS BASED ON THE ORIGINAL OBSERVATIONS

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
BAHATTIN ERDOGAN
Keyword(s):  
Outlier Detection ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Network Adjustment ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Geodetic Networks ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Mean

The observations in geodetic networks are measured repetitively and in the network adjustment step, the mean values of these original observations are used. The mean operator is a kind of Least Square Estimation (LSE). LSE provides optimal results when random errors are normally distributed. If one of the original repetitive observations has outlier, the magnitude of this outlier will decrease because the mean value of these original observations is used in the network adjustment and outlier detection. In this case, the reliability of the outlier detection methods decreases, too. Since the original repetitive observations are independent, they can be used in the adjustment model instead of the estimating mean value of them. In this study, to show the effects of the estimating mean value of the original repetitive observations, a leveling network that contains both outward run and backward run observations were simulated. Tests for outlier, Huber and Danish methods were applied to two different cases. First, the mean values of the original observations (outward run and return run) were used; and then all original observations were considered in the outlier detection. The reliabilities of the methods were measured by Mean Succes Rate. According to the obtained results, the second case has more reliable results than first case.

Evidence of pre-micellar aggregates in aqueous solution of amphiphilic PDMS–PEO block copolymer

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 11983-11991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Lombardo ◽  
Gianmarco Munaò ◽  
Pietro Calandra ◽  
Luigi Pasqua ◽  
Maria Teresa Caccamo
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Aggregation Number ◽  
Micellar Aggregates ◽  
Micelle Aggregation Number

The decrease in the PEO chain hydration favours the increase in the PDMS–PEO micelle aggregation number with the increase in temperature.

Microwave Spectrum of hexa-Deutero Dimethyl Selenide in the Ground and Excited Torsional States

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Pandey ◽  
H. Dreizler
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Microwave Spectrum ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Centrifugal Distortion ◽  
Rotational Spectra ◽  
Least Square Fit ◽  
Barrier Parameter ◽  
Dimethyl Selenide ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Centrifugal Distortion Constants

The ground state rotational spectra of 80Se and 78Se species of the hexadeutero dimethyl selenide have been measured in the region from 5 to 40 GHz. In both the cases, rotational and centrifugal distortion constants have been determined by a least square fit to about thirty transition frequencies. For the (CD3)2 80Se molecule, fourteen rotational transitions in the excited torsional states ṽ = l1, and ṽ = l2 were also recorded, out of which nine appeared as well resolved triplets. The potential barrier parameter V3 and the angle a between one of the ‘top axes’ and the ‘b axis’ have been determined by a least square fit of the mean value of the observed splittings in the ṽ = l1 and l2 states. The methyl top moment of inertia Iα was kept fixed at 6.35 amu Å2 , which is half of the observed inertia defect in the molecule.

Order Decision by Difference Method for Least Square in Trend Fitting

2012 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 373-376
Author(s):  
Yu Hua Dong ◽  
Xin Ming Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Difference Method ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Decision Criteria ◽  
Trend Extraction ◽  
Proper Order ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fitting Accuracy

A difference method to order decision for least square in trend fitting is proposed in this paper. When the least square is used for fitting trend, choosing the proper order is important for trend fitting accuracy. We can use difference n times to obtain difference result data, and the mean value can be taken as decision criteria. Comparing with the threshold value, when the mth difference result mean is smaller, the trend fitting order for least square can be set to m. Simulation processing results show that this method resolve the problem of order decision for least square in trend fitting, and the method has high accuracy for trend extraction.

scholarly journals Weaning results of beef Hungarian Fleckvieh calves 1. Environmental factors

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
F. Szabó ◽  
I. Füller ◽  
A. Fördős ◽  
S. Bene
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Least Square ◽  
The Other ◽  
Birth Season ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract. Weaning performance of 7 032 purebred Hungarian Fleckvieh calves (3 650 male and 3 382 female) born between 1981 and 2003 from 1 452 cows mated with 113 sires were analysed in two farms. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on weaning traits. Farm, age of cows, year of birth, season of birth and sex of calves as fixed, while sire as a random effect was treated. Data were analysed with HARVEY’s (1990) Least Square Maximum Likelihood Computer Program. The overall mean value and standard error of weaning weight, preweaning daily gain and 205-day weight were 214 ± 3.01 kg, 980 ± 17.31 g/day and 236 ± 3.40 kg, respectively. The mean age of the analysed calves was 181 ± 33 days. The results of the examination show that weaning weight, preweaning daily gain and 205-day weight increased as far as the 6 year age cows (the maximum were 226 ± 3.13 kg, 1 049 ± 17.89 g/day, 251 ± 3.54 kg). As for the season effect the calves born in summer were smaller (208 ± 3.12 kg, 946 ± 17.84 g/day and 230 ± 3.52 kg) than that of born in the other seasons (P<0.001). The male calves were heavier than females, the difference was 12 kg, 50 g/day, 16 kg, respectively (P<0.001). The best year was 1985, the worst 2000.

Long-period modulated superstructures in Pd-12.5 at.%Ce and Pd-15 at.%Ce alloys

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Kuwano ◽  
Masaru Itakura ◽  
Kensuke Oki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Ultra High Purity ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Atomic Scattering ◽  
The Mean

Pd-Ce alloys exhibit various anomalies in physical properties due to mixed valences of Ce, and the anomalies are thought to be strongly related with the crystal structures. Since Pd and Ce are both heavy elements, relative magnitudes of (fcc-fpd) are so small compared with <f> that superlattice reflections, even if any, sometimes cannot be detected in conventional x-ray powder patterns, where fee and fpd are atomic scattering factors of Ce and Pd, and <f> the mean value in the crystal. However, superlattices in Pd-Ce alloys can be analyzed by electron microscopy, thanks to the high detectability of electron diffraction. In this work, we investigated modulated superstructures in alloys with 12.5 and 15.0 at.%Ce.Ingots of Pd-Ce alloys were prepared in an arc furnace under atmosphere of ultra high purity argon. The disc specimens cut out from the ingots were heat-treated in vacuum and electrothinned to electron transparency by a jet method.

Partition Coefficient Ratios and Tumour Perfusion Studied with 85mKr and 133Xe

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (06) ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
M. Mäntylä ◽  
J. Perkkiö ◽  
J. Heikkonen
Keyword(s):  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Compartmental Analysis ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Perfusion Rate ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
The Mean

The relative partition coefficients of krypton and xenon, and the regional blood flow in 27 superficial malignant tumour nodules in 22 patients with diagnosed tumours were measured using the 85mKr- and 133Xe-clearance method. In order to minimize the effect of biological variables on the measurements the radionuclides were injected simultaneously into the tumour. The distribution of the radiotracers was assumed to be in equilibrium at the beginning of the experiment. The blood perfusion was calculated by fitting a two-exponential function to the measuring points. The mean value of the perfusion rate calculated from the xenon results was 13 ± 10 ml/(100 g-min) [range 3 to 38 ml/(100 g-min)] and from the krypton results 19 ± 11 ml/(100 g-min) [range 5 to 45 ml/(100 g-min)]. These values were obtained, if the partition coefficients are equal to one. The equations obtained by using compartmental analysis were used for the calculation of the relative partition coefficient of krypton and xenon. The partition coefficient of krypton was found to be slightly smaller than that of xenon, which may be due to its smaller molecular weight.

Detection of Soluble Fibrin Monomer Complexes in Blood by Means of Protamine Sulphate Test

1968 ◽  
Vol 20 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 044-049 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Lipiński ◽  
K Worowski
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Coronary Thrombosis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Protamine Sulphate ◽  
Soluble Fibrin ◽  
Fibrin Monomer ◽  
Dog Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Precipitable Protein

SummaryIn the present paper described is a simple test for detecting soluble fibrin monomer complexes (SFMC) in blood. The test consists in mixing 1% protamine sulphate with diluted oxalated plasma or serum and reading the optical density at 6190 Å. In experiments with dog plasma, enriched with soluble fibrin complexes, it was shown that OD read in PS test is proportional to the amount of fibrin recovered from the precipitate. It was found that SFMC level in plasma increases in rabbits infused intravenously with thrombin and decreases after injection of plasmin with streptokinase. In both cases PS precipitable protein in serum is elevated indicating enhanced fibrinolysis. In healthy human subjects the mean value of OD readings in plasma and sera were found to be 0.30 and 0.11, while in patients with coronary thrombosis they are 0.64 and 0.05 respectively. The origin of SFMC in circulation under physiological and pathological conditions is discussed.

Detection of Circulating Tissue Factor and Factor VII in a Normal Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Albrecht ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Gabriele Siegert ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Heinz Großmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThe plasma tissue factor (TF) concentration was correlated to factor VII concentration (FVIIag) and factor VII activity (FVIIc) in 498 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 64 years. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed for the determination of TF and FVIIag in plasma. The mAbs and the test systems were characterized. The mean value of the TF concentration was 172 ± 135 pg/ml. TF showed no age- and gender-related differences. For the total population, FVIIc, determined by a clotting test, was 110 ± 15% and the factor VIlag was 0.77 ± 0.19 μg/ml. FVII activity was significantly increased with age, whereas the concentration demonstrated no correlation to age in this population. FVII concentration is highly correlated with the activity as measured by clotting assay using rabbit thromboplastin. The ratio between FVIIc and FVIIag was not age-dependent, but demonstrated a significant difference between men and women. Between TF and FVII we could not detect a correlation.

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