Evolution of Mould Fluxes

2013 ◽  
Vol 794 ◽  
pp. 75-89
Author(s):  
Ashok Hariharan ◽  
Samir Kumar Mozumdar
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Mould Flux ◽  
Mould Powder ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Future Demands

Mould flux was invented for bottom poured ingots using fly ash as raw material. It transited subsequently to synthetic raw materials. As continuous casting of steel developed, Fluxes in fine powder form evolved culminating to the development of environment friendly fluxes in granular form. As continuous casting of stainless steel commenced different powders were developed for different Stainless qualities like austenitic, ferritic etc. Powders developed from interface with users were not only to satisfy demand of lubrication in the mould but also for adequate heat transfer and better surface quality. Shrinkage in mould, interplay of the elements in steel during casting with mould slag, tendency of the steel grades towards cracking or sticking and influence of various casting parameters determined mould powder development and usage. In-mould Powder performance dynamically reacts to changes in casting parameters and conditions and appropriate changes in powder chemistry can overcome or minimise detrimental effects of such changes. Future demands of overall cost control, better surface quality, minimal grinding, stable meniscus will guide powder research and development alongwith focus on environmental concerns.

Tamul Plates Marketing Pvt. Ltd.: The Growth Challenge

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 167-197
Author(s):  
Rajesh K. Aithal ◽  
Arindam Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Triple Bottom Line ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Main Work ◽  
The Many ◽  
Demand Patterns ◽  
The Village ◽  
Production Facilities

Tamul Plates Marketing Private Limited (TPMC) is a four-year-old organization in the production of aercanut sheath based plates and dinnerware. It is jointly promoted by the arecanut leaf plate producers of Assam. The main work of TPMC is production and marketing of disposable plates and marketing of the leaf plate making machines. The initial journey has been pretty exciting with the organization moving from a turnover of INR 12.9 lakh to over INR 2 corers. The products offered by TPMC are unique as they make use of fallen sheaths which traditionally have been considered a waste, and turn them into an environment-friendly product which is superior to the current substitutes in the market. The market for the product is enormous, but so are the challenges of producing and marketing them. One of the many challenges which TPMC is facing is the location of the production facilities. It has been decided for production facilities to be closest to the source of raw materials, that is, the villages. However, the most lucrative markets are farthest from the source of raw material and matching the demand patterns and preferences is not easy. TPMC is taking care of this challenge by setting up entrepreneurs at the village level, but marketing and distribution remains a challenge with the reliance on wholesalers being very heavy. TPMC is preparing for the next round of growth with the expected funding around the corner. The team has done their projections and set the typical growth targets for the next phase. However, along with the typical growth targets, TPMC has also identified the triple bottom line targets for the organization. The overall growth plan has to be seen in the light of these goals as they are expected to become more and more relevant to all companies in the future.

Bio-pulping: An energy saving and environment-friendly approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Archana Gautam ◽  
Dharm Dutt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Fungal Pretreatment

AbstractPretreatment of wood or other raw material with white-rot fungi (WRF) prior to pulping is known as biopulping. Lignin and hemicelluloses are removed selectively during early growth of WRF that produces enriched cellulose, known as selective delignification. Biopulping is considered as environment-friendly and cost-effective approach for delignification of lignocellulosic raw materials. The delignification efficiency of WRF during biopulping is directly related to ligninolytic enzymes production that is influence by several factors such as fungal strain, nature of raw material, oxygen availability, moisture content, pH, temperature, source of nitrogen, presence of Mn++ and Cu++ ions. The WRF, especially Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium, have been used dominantly for the purpose of biopulping. It is an energy saving process that also improves brightness of pulp and strength properties including tensile index, burst index and folding endurance of paper. Significant decrease in kappa number has also been attained by fungal pretreatment of raw materials. Biological pretreatment of raw material also reduces the requirement of pulping chemicals.

scholarly journals Comparative Technological And Commercial Evaluation of Flax Varieties For The Revival of Flax Growing In Latvia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Silvija Kukle ◽  
Veneranda Stramkale ◽  
Dace Kalniņa ◽  
Dagmāra Prīberga ◽  
Guntis Strazds
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Flax Fibers ◽  
Science Centre ◽  
Renewable Raw Material ◽  
Flax Variety

As renewable raw material flax increasingly gain more importance as the range of its use is spreading more and more. Besides the conventional uses in home textiles, clothing and sails products, demand of flax raw materials for technical uses increases rapidly as flax fibers have high specific properties, become components of biodegradable composites, environmental friendly isolation materials, besides flax shives pay attention as well as components of environment friendly building materials. Unfortunately in Latvia during last decades flax crop production had decreased rapidly and nowadays reintroduction of flax growing traditions and conditions are become more and more actual. In spite of depression in sector, in Agriculture Science Centre of Latgale are not interrupted experiments on development of local flax lines. Field trials were sown at the Centre in 2010 and 98 flax lines investigated. In this article reflected analysis results of one perspective local fibers flax line from different aspects and its properties comparison with the standard fibers flax variety Vega 2.

Effect of Dispersant Amount to Fabrication of 3-D Porous Cordierite through Gelcasting Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 888 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Ahmad Kamil Fakhruddin Mokhtar ◽  
Hasmaliza Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Glass Powder ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cordierite Ceramic ◽  
Porous Cordierite

In this research, cordierite was produced using oxide based raw materials (MgO, SiO2 and Al2O3) through glass route method. A mixture of raw material was gone through melting at 1550 °C followed by water quenching. Glass powder produced were then milled for 5 hour to get fine powder. Cordierite powder produced was then used to prepare 3-D porous cordierite ceramic. In this research, gelcasting method was choosen. The dispersant amount added in the cordierite slurry was varied (2.5-5.5g). The cordierite pellet were then characterized using x-ray difraction. Results shows high purity (99%) cordierite was obtained. The porosity and compressive strength were tested. The porosity show when increasing the dispersant amount, the porosity will decrease. For compressive strength increase when the dispersant amount increase.

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC MASSES: IMPROVEMENT BY COMPLEX MATERIAL ACTIVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-351
Author(s):  
A. S. Mavlyanov ◽  
E. K. Sardarbekova
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Masses

Introduction. The objective of the research is to study the effect of the complex activation of the alumina raw material on the rheological properties of the ceramic mass. In addition, the authors investigate solutions for the application of optimal coagulation structures based on loams and ash together with plastic certificates.Materials and methods. The authors used the local forest like reserves of clay loams at the BashKarasu, ash fields of the Bishkek Central Heating Centre (BTEC) and plasticizer (sodium naphthenate obtained from alkaline chemical production wastes) as fibrous materials. Moreover, the authors defined technological properties of raw materials within standard laboratory methodology in accordance with current GOSTs.Results. The researchers tested plastic durability on variously prepared masses for the choice of optimal structures. The paper demonstrated the plastic durability of complexly activated compounds comparing with non-activated and mechanically activated compounds. The sensitivity coefficient increased the amount of clay loams by mechanically and complexly activated, which predetermined the possibility of intensifying the process of drying samples based on complexly activated masses.Discussion and conclusions. However, mechanical activation of clay material reduces the period of relaxation and increases the elasticity coefficient of ceramic masses by 1.8–3.4 times, meanwhile decreases elasticity, viscosity and the conventional power during molding, which generally worsens the molding properties of the masses. Сomplex activation of ash-clay material decreases the period of relaxation and provides an increase in elasticity, plasticity of ceramic masses by 46–47%, reduction in viscosity by 1.5–2 times, conventional power on molding by 37–122% in comparison with MA clay loams. Ceramic masses based on spacecraft alumina raw materials belong to the SMT with improved rheological properties; products based on them pass through the mouthpiece for 5–7 seconds.

ANALYSIS FOR POTENCY AND PRODUCTION OF GRANULE ORGANIC FERTILIZER BASED ON MANURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firman L. Sahwan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Natural Organic Material ◽  
Very High

Organic materials that are generally used as raw material for organic fertilizer granules (POG) is a natural organic material that has been degrade, smooth and dry. One of the main raw materials are always used with a very high percentage of usage, is manure. Manure potential in Indonesia is very high, amounting to 113.6 million tons per year, or 64.7 million tons per year to the island of Java. From this amount, it will be generated numbers POG production potential of 17.5 million tons per year (total Indonesia) or 9.9 million tons per year for the island of Java. While the realistic POG production predictions figures made from raw manure is 2.5 million tons annually, a figure that has been unable to meet the number requirement of POG greater than 4 million tons per year. Therefore, in producing POG, it should be to maximize the using of the potential of other organic materials so that the use of manure can be saved. With the use of a small amount of manure (maximum 30% for cow manure), it would be useful also to avoid the production of POG with high Fe content.keywods: organic material, manure, granule organic fertilizer

Nutritional Value Research of Spelt Pasta with Vegetable Additives

Food Industry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Oliya Fazullina ◽  
Stanislav Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Physiologically Active Substances ◽  
Simple Carbohydrates

Health indicators of the population depend significantly on the food quality and nutritional value. Simple carbohydrates excess of and lack of protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and other physiologically active substances increase the risk of socially significant disease progress. The development and production of mass-consumed products with high nutritional and biological value, including affordable non-traditional raw materials use, are promising areas of the food industry development aimed at improving the nutritional status of the population. The article presents the research results on the developed Noodle products recipes from non-traditional raw materials that meet modern healthy nutrition requirements, intended for dietary treatment and dietary prevention of people with overweight / obesity. The research aimed at expanding the range of macaroni products with these characteristics. As the main raw material, a man selected whole-wheat flour – new spelt flour, and as additional raw materials – buckwheat flour, broccoli and celery powders. The researchers found that the introduction of macaroni products from buckwheat spelt, broccoli and celery powders into the recipe had a multidirectional effect, reducing or increasing various indicators of its nutritional value. The changes range did not affect the overall characteristics. The satisfaction degree of the average daily need for food substances and energy when consuming a portion of 100 g for each sample of developed Noodle products allows them to be classified as functional products that are protein and dietary fiber sources, according to the requirements of the TR CU 022/2011.

UNIDO, Industrial Processing of Natural Resources. New York: United Nations. 1981. viii + 78pp.US $ 5.00. [United Nations Publication Sales No. E. 81. 11 . B.1]

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-333
Author(s):  
Rashid Aziz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Manufactured Exports ◽  
Year 2000

The book under review is a concise but fairly in-depth study of the prospects for export diversification from the Less Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as LDCs) particularly to Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as OCs). Given the multiple problems faced by the LOCs in exporting to the OCs - protectionist policies with regards to manufactured exports, volatility of prices obtained for raw material exports, etc. - the study analyses the potential for following an intermediate route. The important issues in the export of semi -processed and wholly processed raw materials are discussed. 111ese issues range from the problems and potentials for the location of processing facilities in the LOCs to the formulation of appropriate policies to encourage an export of processed goods rather than raw materials. Such policies will be useful both in solving the balance of-payments problems of the LDCs and in attaining the goal of the Lima Declaration and Plan of Action on Industrial Development and Co-operation, that called for 2S percent of world industrial production to be located in the LOCs by the year 2000.

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