Design and Fabrication of a Palm Kernel Nut and Shell Separating Machine

2013 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 262-271
Author(s):  
John A. Akpobi ◽  
M.J. Omoregie
Keyword(s):  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Design Engineering ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Separation Time ◽  
Input Capacity ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Manufacturing Methods ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Novel Design

This paper presents a novel design and fabrication of a palm kernel nut and shell separating machine to improve the turnout rate as well as the overall efficiency of the machine. Standard design procedures were adapted from Design Engineering text and hand books, in the specifications and computation of dimensions of various components of the machine. Seven repetitions were carried out in the measurements of input and separated nuts and shells as basis for computing mean values and efficiencies. The components of the kernel nut and shell separating machine were designed and fabricated from locally available materials using manufacturing methods explained in the paper. Suitable tests were done and the over-all performance was found to be satisfactory. The machine has an input capacity of 29.42 kg by weight, a mean separation time of 50.75 seconds and an overall efficiency of 96.59 %. This is a very simple and effective machine.

The influence of currents on circular secondary clarifier performance and design

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Deininger ◽  
Frank W. Günthert ◽  
Peter A. Wilderer
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Density Currents ◽  
Clear Water ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Secondary Clarifier ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Hydraulic Load ◽  
Novel Design ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Density currents in the deeper zones of clarifiers and currents in the clear water zone have a significant influence on clarifier performance. Measurements of flow velocity profiles were conducted in full-scale horizontally flown circular secondary clarifiers. Relations between the hydraulic load and the development of density currents could be detected. Those patterns are not taken into account in current design procedures. Stationary design approaches are mainly based on the overflow rate. Novel design methods based on the dynamic behavior of flow and density distribution in clarifiers are needed in order to improve the efficacy of wastewater treatment systems.

scholarly journals CASE STUDY IN SYSTEMATIC DESIGN ENGINEERING – BOW THRUSTER COVERS

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Ernst Eder
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Science ◽  
Process Engineering ◽  
Design Engineering ◽  
Learning Design ◽  
Systematic Design ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Novel Design

Students learning design engineering at times need a good example of procedure for novel design engineering. The systematic heuristic-strategic use of a theory to guide the design process – Engineering Design Science – and the methodical design process followed in this case study is only necessary in limited situations. The full procedure should be learned, such that the student can select appropriate parts for other applications. Creativity is usually characterized by a wide search for solutions, especially those that are innovative. The search can be helped by this systematic and methodical approach. This case example is presented to show application of the recommended method, and the expected scope of the output, with emphasis on the stages of conceptualizing. The case follows a novel design problem of a mechanism to open and close the bow thruster covers for the Caravan Stage Barge.

scholarly journals Cross-Slot Antenna with U-Shaped Tuning Stub for Ultra-Wideband Applications

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawood Seyed Javan ◽  
Mohammad Ali Salari ◽  
Omid Hashemi Ghoochani
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Slot Antenna ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Dimensional Parameters ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Novel Design ◽  
Better Than

A novel design of an ultra-wideband (UWB) slot antenna is presented. This antenna operates as a transmitter and receiver antenna. Effects of the antenna dimensional parameters are studied through experimental and simulation results. Design procedures are developed and verified for different frequency bands. The experimental and simulation results exhibit good impedance bandwidth, radiation pattern, and relatively constant gain over the entire band of frequency. Antenna gain and directivity at boresight and in their maximum states are close to each other and indicate high radiation efficiency. To use the antenna as a linearly polarized antenna, the radiation pattern in E-plane is better thanthat inH-plane.

scholarly journals CASE STUDY IN SYSTEMATIC DESIGN ENGINEERING – STAGE BARGE GANGWAY

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ernst Eder
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Problem ◽  
Design Science ◽  
Process Engineering ◽  
Design Engineering ◽  
Learning Design ◽  
Systematic Design ◽  
Novel Design

Students learning design engineering at times need a good example of procedure for novel design engineering. The systematic heuristic-strategic use of a theory to guide the design process – Engineering Design Science – and the methodical design process followed in this case study is only necessary in limited situations. The full procedure should be learned, such that the studentcan select appropriate parts for other applications.This case example is presented to show application of the recommended method, and the expected scope of the output, with emphasis on the stages of conceptualizing. The case follows a novel design problem of a gangway for ship-shore transfer for the Caravan Stage Barge.

Case Study in Systematic Design Engineering: Smoke Gas Dust Precipitation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ernst Eder
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Science ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Design Engineering ◽  
Learning Design ◽  
Systematic Design ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Novel Design ◽  
Dust Precipitation

Students learning design engineering at times need a good example of procedure for novel design engineering. The systematic heuristic-strategic use of a theory to guide the design process — Engineering Design Science — and methodical design process followed in this case study is only necessary in limited situations. The full procedure should be learned, such that the student can select appropriate parts for other applications. Creativity is usually characterized by a wide search for solutions, especially those that are innovative. The search can be helped by this systematic and methodical approach. This case example is presented to show application of the recommended method, and the expected scope of the output, with emphasis on the stages of conceptualizing. The case follows a novel design problem of a smoke gas dust precipitation process and the necessary technical system, including a sub-problem of a rapper for dust removal.

scholarly journals CASE STUDY IN SYSTEMATIC DESIGN ENGINEERING – WIND TUNNEL BALANCE MODEL SUPPORT

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Ernst Eder
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Science ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Design Engineering ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Wind Tunnel Balance ◽  
Novel Design

Students learning design engineering at times need a good example of procedure for novel design engineering. The systematic heuristic-strategic use of a theory to guide the design process – Engineering Design Science – and the methodical design process followed in this case study is only necessary in limited situations. The full procedure should be learned, such that the student can select appropriate parts for other applications. Creativity is usually characterized by a wide search for solutions, especially those that are innovative. The search can be helped by this systematic and methodical approach. This case example is presented to show application of the recommended method, and the expected scope of the output, with emphasis on the stages of conceptualizing. The case follows a novel design problem of an auxiliary attachment to render a wind tunnel balance more versatile to accommodate several different test models.

scholarly journals Production and Optimization of Cellulase Enzyme Using Aspergillus niger USM AI 1 and Comparison with Trichoderma reesei via Solid State Fermentation System

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Lee ◽  
I. Darah ◽  
C. O. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Trichoderma Reesei ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Fermentation System ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
Novel Design ◽  
Filter Paper Activity

Novel design solid state bioreactor, FERMSOSTAT, had been evaluated in cellulase production studies using local isolate Aspergillus niger USM AI 1 grown on sugarcane bagasse and palm kernel cake at 1 : 1 (w/w) ratio. Under optimised SSF conditions of 0.5 kg substrate; 70% (w/w) moisture content; 30∘C; aeration at 4 L/h·g fermented substrate for 5 min and mixing at 0.5 rpm for 5 min, about 3.4 U/g of Filter paper activity (FPase) was obtained. At the same time, comparative studies of the enzymes production under the same SSF conditions indicated that FPase produced by A. niger USM AI 1 was about 35.3% higher compared to Trichoderma reesei. This shows that the performance of this newly designed SSF bioreactor is acceptable and potentially used as prototype for larger-scale bioreactor design.

Fracture Discontinuities and Structural Analysis in Resource Recovery Endeavors

1978 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Cleary
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Physical Mechanism ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Geological Materials ◽  
Fracture Evolution ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Standard Design

The need for redirection of investigative effort in the area of mineral and energy recovery is emphasized: more fundamental analytical descriptions must be linked to innovative design explorations if traditionally slow rates of methodology evolution are to accelerate reliably and ecologically toward a compensation for rapid depletion of readily available resources. An example of the problems to be resolved is provided in the form of a mechanism for failure by gradual fracture evolution: this involves substantial departure from predictions of conventional mechanics modelling and is traced to inherent instability among the constitutive features of representative geological materials. Major advances are needed, both in physically motivated formulations and tractable incorporation into computational schemes, before this unavoidable behavior can be confidently encompassed by standard design procedures; current trends indicate an excess desire to provide elaborate numerical solutions for superficially consistent models, although the essential physical mechanism is manifestly absent in the results. The practitioner can be encouraged to seek skilled scientific aid only if truly realistic simulations of his design application can actually be performed—development of that ability will require much logical rigor, engineering skill and ingenuity. Corresponding examples are suggested for other aspects of the general discipline, called thermomechanics, which is so central to the present resource crisis.

scholarly journals Product Reliability Oriented Design Scheme of Control Chart Based on the Convergent CEV for Censored Characteristics

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihai He ◽  
Linbo Wang ◽  
Zhenzhen He ◽  
Yi Wei
Keyword(s):  
Control Chart ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Control Charts ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Product Reliability ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Practical Performance ◽  
Asymptotic Reduction ◽  
Novel Design

Since the censored characteristics are unmonitored effectively in the manufacturing process, the produced product tends to have an unexpected high infant failure rate. Thus, this paper analyzes the associated relationship between product reliability and censored quality characteristics in manufacturing process firstly, and the dynamic and universal control demands for censored characteristics are presented. In view that traditional CEV-based control charts are usually confined to some specific types when dealing with censored characteristics, which greatly restrict the wide application of censored control charts in the high-quality manufacturing process, the convergent CEV technique based on the principle of asymptotic reduction is proposed to be better applied in the analysis of censored characteristics. And novel design procedures and simple but practical performance indicator in the form of the most dangerous alarm distance for censored characteristics of Weibull distribution are put forward. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is verified by a case study of monitoring a censored characteristic relative to lifetime of some aeronautical bearings, and the result proves that the sensitivity of the proposed control chart increased 79.96% compared to traditional CEV chart and is proved to be applicable to monitoring mixed censored characteristics affecting product reliability in manufacturing process.

A General Statistical Model for Random Fatigue

1974 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Wirsching ◽  
E. B. Haugen
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Probabilistic Design ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
General Statistical ◽  
Random Fatigue

A general statistical model for fatigue under stationary random gaussian stress is presented. This phenomenological model requires only a limited amount of data from fatigue tests in which specimens are subjected to stationary narrow band, gaussian stresses. A theoretical extension is made to predict fatigue under wide band stresses and arbitrary mean values. Statistical variability in material strength is included in the model. Moreover, the model has the property of adaptability in that it is easily modified to reflect new data as it becomes available. Furthermore, it is easily incorporated into probabilistic design procedures where reliability requirements are specified.

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