Physico-Chemical and Morphological Changes of Sayong Kaolinite Clay Treated with Sulphuric Acid for Enzyme Immobilization

2013 ◽  
Vol 832 ◽  
pp. 589-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Edama ◽  
A. Sulaiman ◽  
K.H. Ku Hamid ◽  
M.N. Muhd Rodhi ◽  
Mohibah Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Enzyme Immobilization ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Kaolinite Clay ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Oxides ◽  
Physico Chemical

This study analyzed the effects of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) treatment on pysico-chemical properties and morphological changes of clay obtained from Sg. Sayong, Perak. The clay was ground and sieved to <150μm and treated with different concentrations of H2SO4. The treatment was completed by refluxing the clay with different concentration of H2SO4 (1M, 5M and 10M ) at 100 °C for 4 hours and followed by calcination at 500 °C for 1 hour. The physic-chemical properties and morphological changes of the untreated and treated clay were compared using Surface Area Analyser, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Micrograph (FESEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that acid treatment of 5M increased the surface area from 25 m2/g to 75 m2/g and the pore volume increased from 0.1518 cc/g to 0.3546 cc/g. The nanopore size of the clay decreased from 24.8 nm to 19.4 nm after treated with acid. This can be explained due to the elimination of the exchangeable cations and generation of microporosity. The results of XRF showed SiO2 increased from 58.34% to 74.52% and Al2O3 reduced from 34.6% to 18.31%. The mineral oxides such as Fe2O3, MgO, CaO, K2O and TiO2 also reduced. This concluded that H2SO4 treatment has led to significant removal of octahedral Al3+, Fe3+ cations and other impurities. In conclusion, this study showed the physico-chemical properties and morphology of Sayong clay were improved once treated with H2SO4 and therefore suggests better supporting material for enzyme immobilization.

Improvement of physico-chemical properties by addition of H2O2: An extensive case study on the RE-doped ceria system (RE = Gd, Sm)

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 2845-2854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balaji P. Mandal ◽  
Vinita Grover ◽  
Mrinal R. Pai ◽  
Avesh K. Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Doped Ceria ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Powder Properties ◽  
Temperature Programmed

Effect of H2O2 on synthesis and powder properties such as surface area and agglomerate size of nanocrystalline Ce0.8M0.2O1.90 (M: Sm, Gd) was explored by treating cerium nitrate and rare-earth nitrate with NaOH in the presence/absence of H2O2. The resultant products were characterized by x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetry–differential thermal analysis, dynamic light scattering, surface area analysis, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The presence of H2O2 was found to have a profound effect on powder properties such as surface area and particle size of these doped ceria samples and results in smaller crystallite size, softer agglomerates, and larger surface area. A mechanism is proposed to explain the observed better powder properties of the samples. It was also shown that the samples prepared in the presence of H2O2 can lower the conversion temperature of CO to CO2, proving these to be better catalysts. Interestingly, temperature-programmed reduction studies on Sm3+-doped samples showed that the doping in conjunction with the use of H2O2 leads to enhanced reduction properties of the samples over multiple cycles.

scholarly journals Effect of TiO2 Addition on Mortars: Characterization and Photoactivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 2598 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Hernández-Rodríguez ◽  
R. Santana Rodríguez ◽  
R. Darias ◽  
O. González Díaz ◽  
J. M. Pérez Luzardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mercury Porosimetry ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Setting Process ◽  
Flow Table ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Important Activity

In this study, mortar specimens were prepared with a cement:sand:water ratio of 1:3:0.5, in accordance with standard EN196-1. Portland CEM I 52.5 R grey (G) and white (W) cements were used, together with normalised sand and distilled water. Different amounts of TiO2 photocatalyst were incorporated in the preparation of the mortar samples. The effect of the addition of TiO2 was studied on mechanical properties of the mortar and cement including compressive and flexural strength, consistency (the flow table test), setting time and carbonation. Characterization techniques, including thermogravimetry, mercury porosimetry and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), were applied to study the physico-chemical properties of the mortars. It was shown that adding the photocatalyst to the mortar had no negative effect on its properties and could be used to accelerate the setting process. Specimen photoactivity with the incorporated photocatalyst was tested for NOx oxidation in different conditions of humidity (0% RH and 65% RH) and illumination (Vis or Vis/UV), with the results showing an important activity even under Vis radiation.

Magnetization of aminated lignin and characterization

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqing Qiu ◽  
Yingzhi Ma ◽  
Dafeng Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Bet Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

A magnetic lignin-based nanomaterial (MLN) was prepared from alkaline lignin through an amination and precipitation strategy and characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results illustrated that MLN was thermostable and had an extensive degree of aminated lignin coating. The specific surface area of MLN was 65.43 m2/g, with the total pore volume of 0.311 cm3/g. The zeta potential of MLN was positive when pH was less than 2.9, and the saturation magnetization was 50.8 emu/g. The characterization data discovered that the physico-chemical properties of MLN were helpful for the adsorption application.

scholarly journals Characterization of briquettes produced from eucalyptus wood waste generated in agro-industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 794-798
Author(s):  
Andressa S. Sena ◽  
Bacus Nahime ◽  
Elton C. Lima ◽  
Fausto A. Lobo ◽  
Jorge L. Akasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanical Pressure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood

ABSTRACT Boilers are widely used by industries and thermoelectric plants to generate renewable energy. However, when biomass is consumed, residues are generated, which for the most part cannot be discarded appropriately. This study investigated the reuse of eucalyptus wood waste with the goal of transforming the residue into resistant and durable briquettes for reuse in furnaces and boilers. The physico-chemical properties of the residue were studied in terms of chemical composition by X-ray fluorescence, and its crystalline structure was evaluated by X-ray diffraction. Both thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the thermal decomposition of the wood waste residue. The residue was compacted in a universal press with sufficient humidity to fabricate briquettes under different conditions of mechanical pressure. Apparent density, durability, and burning tests were carried out on the briquettes. The maximum temperature reached during burning is dependent on the fabrication compaction pressure. The briquettes proved suitable for burning in boilers and furnaces, and their durability is advantageous for handling, reuse, and transportation.

Solar-Photocatalytic Degradation of Waste from CO2 Removal System Using Metal Doped TiO2 Photocatalysts: Effect of TiO2 Support

2016 ◽  
Vol 1133 ◽  
pp. 532-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Riaz ◽  
Mohamad Azmi Bustam ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Ali E.I. Elkhalifah ◽  
Girma Gonfa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Visible Light Irradiation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Metal Doped ◽  
Titanium Dioxides ◽  
Removal System

The wastewater containing the spent alkanolamines and its derivatives emerging from the natural gas industries into water has become a critical concern. In the present study, Titanium dioxides was used as photocatalysts to investigate for their efficiency for the photodegradation of Diisopropanolamine (DIPA) containing wastewater under the visible light irradiation. DIPA was used as a model alkanolamine while different commercially available TiO2 were tested for photodegradation of DIPA under the visible light source. The physico-chemical properties of the prepared photocatalysts were analyzed using different characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and N2-physisorption (BET).

Superconducting and Electrical Resistivity of HTS Bi-2223 Doped by (Cr2O3:SnO)x Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 1008 ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
Huda Khalil ◽  
Abdelhady Kashyout ◽  
Osama Hemeda ◽  
Talaat Meaz
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Temperature Superconductors ◽  
Resistivity Measurement ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solid State Reaction Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Scanning Electron

The addition of metal nanoparticles in the Bi-based superconductors has shown the disorder produced by the cations incorporation in the crystal structure affects the TC (Critical temperature) of the system. the addition of new mixture of (Cr2O3: SnO)x on high temperature superconductors HTS Bi1.6Pb0.4 Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ (Bi-2223) with ratio 1:1 where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 was investigated by solid-state reaction technique was used to prepare superconductor samples. Samples were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FS-EM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), and electrical resistivity. the results of XRD proved that the structure of 2223 remains the same even with the addition of (Cr2O3: SnO)x nanoparticles. The phase 2223 has the majority even phase Bi-2212 and phase Ca2PbO4 showed a contribution inside structure. As a result of the change physico-chemical properties resistivity of the doped optimized sample x = 0.10 was increasing 2.2 K approximately rather than the undoped one then decreased gradually up to x = 0.20. From resistivity measurement, the TC of 2223 doped with (Cr2O3: SnO)x at x = 0.10 was 113.2 K approximately. The addition of metal oxides in superconductor materials has been considered to be one of the most promising materials for large scale applications in superconducting industry.

scholarly journals Radiation Synthesis of Organostarch as Fluorescence Label

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1799-1805
Author(s):  
Sheikha A. Alkhursani ◽  
Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy ◽  
Mohamed Madani
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Complex ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Aniline Monomer ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fluorescence Label ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Ftir Spectrometry

Fluorescence label preparation, being the core of sensing and imaging, is the most interesting aspect of label technology. Using the gamma irradiation technique, a facial method is proposed to prepare organostarch consisting of polyaniline and starch. Polyaniline was introduced into starch molecules to form an inclusion complex between V-type starch and aniline monomer. The inclusion complex thus formed consisted of starch-aniline crosslink caused by gamma irradiation through organostarch crosslinks. Thus, organostarch develops fluorescence property at 470 nm possibly through the interaction of aniline and starch, which are both fluorophores. A comparative analysis of variations is performed in common fluorescent labels of starch and organostarch based on their physico-chemical properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry were utilized to confirm the inclusion of polyaniline into starch molecules. Furthermore, using a fluorescence microscope, the positive implementation of fluorescent organostarch was verified. Fluorescent organostarch can be synthesized through this simple method and can be widely used for developing biomarkers and biosensors in food and biomedical industries. Organostarch produces florescence under mild conditions even without complicated preparations, such as additives for labelling with dye fluorescence. The intensity of fluorescence of organostarch was 17,000 times that of natural starch.

scholarly journals Characterization of Ancient Mortars from Minoan City of Kommos in Crete

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 3908-3918
Author(s):  
Pagona-Noni Maravelaki ◽  
Antonis Theologitis ◽  
Meral Budak Unaler ◽  
Chrysi Kapridaki ◽  
Kali Kapetanaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Port Facilities ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Decay State ◽  
Local Materials ◽  
Conservation Interventions

This work characterizes ancient mortars used in construction of the Bronze Age Minoan port at Kommos in Crete. The port dates from c. 1850 BCE with port facilities at the harbor and residences on the Central hillside and the Hilltop. A Greek, Phoenician, and Roman sanctuary overlies the administrative center. The first step collected representative samples from the different construction phases, previous conservation interventions, exposure to different environmental factors, and different material composition. From these 10 mortar samples were analyzed using stereo- and digital microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine texture, morphology, mineralogical, and physico-chemical properties. The physico-chemical and mineralogical analyses divided the samples into two groups: lime binder mortars and earthen binder mortars. The main minerals identified in the samples are calcite, quartz, dolomite, illite, albite, kaolinite, and vermiculite. Analysis of local clay showed that local materials were used in the production of these mortars. The analysis of mortar samples with stereomicroscopy, XRF, and FTIR showed that the samples are mainly composed of calcite and silicates in major quantities along with aluminum, magnesium, and iron oxide in minor quantities. A wide variety of local aggregates and ceramic fragments were used in the production of these ancient mortars. The mortar condition resulted in a decay state that needs conservation interventions. This characterization of the ancient mortars was important for the design of compatible restoration mortars.

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