scholarly journals Characterization of Ancient Mortars from Minoan City of Kommos in Crete

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 3908-3918
Author(s):  
Pagona-Noni Maravelaki ◽  
Antonis Theologitis ◽  
Meral Budak Unaler ◽  
Chrysi Kapridaki ◽  
Kali Kapetanaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Port Facilities ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Decay State ◽  
Local Materials ◽  
Conservation Interventions

This work characterizes ancient mortars used in construction of the Bronze Age Minoan port at Kommos in Crete. The port dates from c. 1850 BCE with port facilities at the harbor and residences on the Central hillside and the Hilltop. A Greek, Phoenician, and Roman sanctuary overlies the administrative center. The first step collected representative samples from the different construction phases, previous conservation interventions, exposure to different environmental factors, and different material composition. From these 10 mortar samples were analyzed using stereo- and digital microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine texture, morphology, mineralogical, and physico-chemical properties. The physico-chemical and mineralogical analyses divided the samples into two groups: lime binder mortars and earthen binder mortars. The main minerals identified in the samples are calcite, quartz, dolomite, illite, albite, kaolinite, and vermiculite. Analysis of local clay showed that local materials were used in the production of these mortars. The analysis of mortar samples with stereomicroscopy, XRF, and FTIR showed that the samples are mainly composed of calcite and silicates in major quantities along with aluminum, magnesium, and iron oxide in minor quantities. A wide variety of local aggregates and ceramic fragments were used in the production of these ancient mortars. The mortar condition resulted in a decay state that needs conservation interventions. This characterization of the ancient mortars was important for the design of compatible restoration mortars.

Physico-Chemical and Morphological Changes of Sayong Kaolinite Clay Treated with Sulphuric Acid for Enzyme Immobilization

2013 ◽  
Vol 832 ◽  
pp. 589-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Edama ◽  
A. Sulaiman ◽  
K.H. Ku Hamid ◽  
M.N. Muhd Rodhi ◽  
Mohibah Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Enzyme Immobilization ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Kaolinite Clay ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Oxides ◽  
Physico Chemical

This study analyzed the effects of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) treatment on pysico-chemical properties and morphological changes of clay obtained from Sg. Sayong, Perak. The clay was ground and sieved to <150μm and treated with different concentrations of H2SO4. The treatment was completed by refluxing the clay with different concentration of H2SO4 (1M, 5M and 10M ) at 100 °C for 4 hours and followed by calcination at 500 °C for 1 hour. The physic-chemical properties and morphological changes of the untreated and treated clay were compared using Surface Area Analyser, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Micrograph (FESEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that acid treatment of 5M increased the surface area from 25 m2/g to 75 m2/g and the pore volume increased from 0.1518 cc/g to 0.3546 cc/g. The nanopore size of the clay decreased from 24.8 nm to 19.4 nm after treated with acid. This can be explained due to the elimination of the exchangeable cations and generation of microporosity. The results of XRF showed SiO2 increased from 58.34% to 74.52% and Al2O3 reduced from 34.6% to 18.31%. The mineral oxides such as Fe2O3, MgO, CaO, K2O and TiO2 also reduced. This concluded that H2SO4 treatment has led to significant removal of octahedral Al3+, Fe3+ cations and other impurities. In conclusion, this study showed the physico-chemical properties and morphology of Sayong clay were improved once treated with H2SO4 and therefore suggests better supporting material for enzyme immobilization.

Characterization of Shivirtui Zeolite Modified with Aluminum Oxyhydroxide Nanofibers

2019 ◽  
Vol 942 ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Yulia Murashkina ◽  
Olga B. Nazarenko
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Electronic Microscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Aluminum Oxyhydroxide

Natural zeolite of Shivirtui deposit (Russia) was modified with nanofibers of aluminum oxyhydroxide AlOOH. Aluminum oxyhydroxide nanofibers were produced at the heating and oxidation of aluminum powder with water. The properties of modified zeolite were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electronic microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, thermal analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was found that water content in the modified sample of zeolite was about 15 %. Based on the study of the physical and chemical properties, shivirtui zeolite modified with nanofibers of aluminum oxyhydroxide can be proposed for use as a flame-retardant additive to polymers.

scholarly journals Effect of TiO2 Addition on Mortars: Characterization and Photoactivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 2598 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Hernández-Rodríguez ◽  
R. Santana Rodríguez ◽  
R. Darias ◽  
O. González Díaz ◽  
J. M. Pérez Luzardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mercury Porosimetry ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Setting Process ◽  
Flow Table ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Important Activity

In this study, mortar specimens were prepared with a cement:sand:water ratio of 1:3:0.5, in accordance with standard EN196-1. Portland CEM I 52.5 R grey (G) and white (W) cements were used, together with normalised sand and distilled water. Different amounts of TiO2 photocatalyst were incorporated in the preparation of the mortar samples. The effect of the addition of TiO2 was studied on mechanical properties of the mortar and cement including compressive and flexural strength, consistency (the flow table test), setting time and carbonation. Characterization techniques, including thermogravimetry, mercury porosimetry and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), were applied to study the physico-chemical properties of the mortars. It was shown that adding the photocatalyst to the mortar had no negative effect on its properties and could be used to accelerate the setting process. Specimen photoactivity with the incorporated photocatalyst was tested for NOx oxidation in different conditions of humidity (0% RH and 65% RH) and illumination (Vis or Vis/UV), with the results showing an important activity even under Vis radiation.

Bioceramic Production from Giant Purple Barnacle (Megabalanus tintinnabulum)

2014 ◽  
Vol 631 ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.N. Oktar ◽  
H. Gokce ◽  
O. Gunduz ◽  
Y.M. Sahin ◽  
D. Agaogullari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Powders ◽  
Simple Economic ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In this study the structural and chemical properties of barnacle shell based bioceramic materials (i.e. hydroxyapatite, whitlockite, monetite and other phases) were produced by using mechano-chemical (hot-plate) conversion method. Cleaned barnacle shells were ball milled down to <75µm in diameter. Differential thermal and gravimetric analyses (DTA/TGA) were performed to determine the exact CaCO3 content. Sample batches of 2g were prepared from the fine powders produced. For each batch, the required volume of an aqueous H3PO4 solution was calculated in order to set the stoichiometric molar ratio of Ca/P equal to 1.5 for ß-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP) or to 1.667 for hydroxyapatite (HA). The temperature was set to 80°C for 15 minutes to complete the process. After the titration of the equivalent amount of H3PO4 into the prepared solution, agitation was carried out on a hot-plate (i.e. mechano-chemical processing) for 8 hours. The sediments formed were dried and the resulting TCP and HA powders were calcined at 400°C and 800°C respectively. For complete characterization of the bioceramics produced, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were carried out. The current study proposes a simple, economic and time efficient method for nano-bioceramic production.

scholarly journals Preparation, Modification, and Characterization of Alginate Hydrogel with Nano-/Microfibers: A New Perspective for Tissue Engineering

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Palma Santana ◽  
Fernanda Nedel ◽  
Evandro Piva ◽  
Rodrigo Varella de Carvalho ◽  
Flávio Fernando Demarco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Alginate Hydrogel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Nih 3T3

We aimed to develop an alginate hydrogel (AH) modified with nano-/microfibers of titanium dioxide (nfTD) and hydroxyapatite (nfHY) and evaluated its biological and chemical properties. Nano-/microfibers of nfTD and nfHY were combined with AH, and its chemical properties were evaluated by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-Ray analysis, and the cytocompatibility by the WST-1 assay. The results demonstrate that the association of nfTD and nfHY nano-/microfibers to AH did not modified the chemical characteristics of the scaffold and that the association was not cytotoxic. In the first 3 h of culture with NIH/3T3 cells nfHY AH scaffolds showed a slight increase in cell viability when compared to AH alone or associated with nfTD. However, an increase in cell viability was observed in 24 h when nfTD was associated with AH scaffold. In conclusion our study demonstrates that the combination of nfHY and nfTD nano-/microfibers in AH scaffold maintains the chemical characteristics of alginate and that this association is cytocompatible. Additionally the combination of nfHY with AH favored cell viability in a short term, and the addition of nfTD increased cell viability in a long term.

Characterization of Spent Catalysts during Hydrodemetallization of Atmosphere Residue

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 538-542
Author(s):  
Yong Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Spent Catalysts ◽  
C Nmr

The deactivation behavior of industrial hydrodemetallization catalysts was investigated in the presented work. The main objective of the study is to contribute to a better understanding of the nature of the coke and metal deposition on the used catalysts by applying chemical analysis and various advanced analytical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and solid-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR). The results are discussed scientifically based on the physico–chemical properties of origin and used catalysts.

Physical and Chemical Properties of Mineral in Soils of Cassava Cropping Area: A Case Study in Chonburi Province

2014 ◽  
Vol 979 ◽  
pp. 440-443
Author(s):  
W. Siriprom ◽  
K. Teanchai ◽  
S. Kongsriprapan ◽  
J. Kaewkhao ◽  
N. Sangwaranatee
Keyword(s):  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The chemical and physical properties of topsoil and subsoil which collected from the cassava cropping area in Chonburi Province have been investigated. The characterization of both soil sample were used X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) while FTIR used to confirmed the formation of intermolecular bonding and Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) used for investigated the crystalline. It was found that, the XRD pattern indicated quartz phase. The chemical composition by XRF reported that the soils samples consist of Si, Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Ti, Cr, Zn, Ag and Cu. and TGA results, noticed that the removal of moisture and organics material.

Evaluation of Attapulgite Clay Content from Piauí in Sorption Characterization of Water in the Polyester Matrix Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 775-776 ◽  
pp. 471-475
Author(s):  
Renata Barbosa ◽  
Tatianny Soares Alves ◽  
Celso Hartmann Júnior ◽  
Gabriel Neiva Cadah
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pet Waste ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Polyester Matrix ◽  
Attapulgite Clay

The physico-chemical characteristics of attapulgite clay confer appropriate properties to their different industrial uses, such as: Drilling fluid, bleaching of vegetable oils, mineral and animal grease and oil absorbents, pet waste absorbents (pet litter), purification of drinking water etc. The aim of this study was the chemical modification of attapulgite originally from state of Piauí, for applications in polyester-based composites. The unmodified and modified clay were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). In order to evaluate the interaction of clays with organic solvents, the test of Foster swelling with gasoline, diesel and toluene was conducted. The polyester resin-based composite and clay unmodified and modified in different percentages were molded by hand lay up technique and they were characterized by water sorption.

Synthesis and characterization of a composite organic semiconductor (curcumin-paracetamol/TiO2)

2020 ◽  
pp. 096739112092169
Author(s):  
Asmaa Bouazza ◽  
Salah Bassaid ◽  
Bouabdallah Daho ◽  
Massimo Messori ◽  
Abdelkader Dehbi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Semiconductor ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Production Water ◽  
Synthesis Methodology ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Electronic And Structural Properties ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The aim of this work is to study some physical and chemical properties of an organic semiconductor (OSc)/ x%titanium dioxide (TiO2) heterosystem (with 0 ≤ x ≤ 20%) (OScs/ x%TiO2). The OSc is obtained from pure curcumin and paracetamol as starting molecules. The synthesis methodology of the mixtures of OScs/ x%TiO2 heterosystem involves a microwave-assisted multicomponent reaction using curcumin, paracetamol, and TiO2 as a heterogeneous solution. All mixtures were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results obtained show a new nanocomposite with interesting pharmaceutical, optical, electronic, and structural properties, which can be used in the fields of energy production, water purification, and air purification, as a biomaterial and for electronic applications.

Magnetization of aminated lignin and characterization

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqing Qiu ◽  
Yingzhi Ma ◽  
Dafeng Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Bet Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

A magnetic lignin-based nanomaterial (MLN) was prepared from alkaline lignin through an amination and precipitation strategy and characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results illustrated that MLN was thermostable and had an extensive degree of aminated lignin coating. The specific surface area of MLN was 65.43 m2/g, with the total pore volume of 0.311 cm3/g. The zeta potential of MLN was positive when pH was less than 2.9, and the saturation magnetization was 50.8 emu/g. The characterization data discovered that the physico-chemical properties of MLN were helpful for the adsorption application.

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