An Assessment of the Carbothermal Reduction of Malaysian Ilmenite by Statistical Design

2013 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanizam Shah Saidin ◽  
S. Aishah Syed Salim ◽  
Norlia Baharun ◽  
S.A. Rezan ◽  
Hussin Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
Reduction Time ◽  
Reduction Of Iron

Statistical design analysis (factorial design) was utilized to verify the significance and the interaction between the studied factors include temperature, reduction time and catalyst amount. Carbothermal reduction of iron ore sample was carried out at temperature between 1000°C to 1200°C. The effects of operating parameters studied were extent of reduction (X), carbon consumed (Cconsumed ) and nitridation (XN). Temperature was the most influential parameter that showed strong interaction with the operating parameters, meanwhile, reduction time and catalyst have showed the contrary results and had a very low percentage of contribution. The results of the experimental design showed that the extent of reduction reached up to 93% at 1200°C using 10 wt. % catalysts after 180 minutes reduction. The use of 0-10 wt % catalyst at 1200°C for 180 min reduction significantly affect the X but did not for Cconsumed and XN.Keywords: Carbothermal Reduction, Factorial Design, Malaysian Ilmenite, Nitridation.

scholarly journals Carbothermal Reduction of Iron Ore in Its Concentrate-Agricultural Waste Pellets

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhulin Liu ◽  
Xuegong Bi ◽  
Zeping Gao ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Weight Loss Rate ◽  
Iron Concentrate ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
Biomass Char

Carbon-containing pellets were prepared with the carbonized product of agricultural wastes and iron concentrate, and an experimental study on the direct reduction was carried out. The experimental results demonstrated that carbon-containing pellets could be rapidly reduced at 1200 to 1300°C in 15 minutes, and the proper holding time at high temperature was 15 to 20 min. The degree of reduction gradually increased with temperature rising, and the appropriate temperature of reducing pellets was 1200°C. The weight loss rate and reduction degree of pellets increased with the rise of carbon proportion, and the relatively reasonable mole ratio of carbon to oxygen was 0.9. A higher content of carbon and an appropriate content of volatile matters in biomass char were beneficial to the reduction of pellets. The carbon-containing pellets could be reduced at high speeds in the air, but there was some reoxidization phenomenon.

Experiment Study on the High-Phosphorus Hematite Carbothermal Reduction in Microwave Field

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1317-1320
Author(s):  
Zhi Jun He ◽  
Yong Long Jin ◽  
Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Microwave Field ◽  
Experiment Study ◽  
High Phosphorus ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Dephosphorization Rate

In the paper, the experimental research on dephosphorization and iron yield for high-phosphorus oolitic hematite by coal-based carbothermal reduction was carried out. It indicated that microwave can speed up the rate of carbothermal reduction of iron ore and strengthen the effects of dephosphorization and increasing iron content. The dephosphorization rate and iron yield of high-phosphorus oolitic hematite exceeding 87.8% and 91.8% by the way of carbothermal reduction in the microwave field and a further fine-grinding and magnetic separation.

Assessment of EAF Steel Slag Solubility by Statistical Design

2013 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 228-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kolawole Bankole Lateef ◽  
S.A. Rezan ◽  
Mohd Sharif Nurulakmal
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Significant Parameter ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Lower Size

Electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag solubility was studied using experimental design and statistical analysis. The solutions between pH 4 and 10, were mixed with the EAF steel slag for 0.5 hours at 350 rpm. The effects of the operating parameters, individually and their interaction, on the dissolution of slag elements were assess using full factorial design in the statistical design of experiment. The various parameters studied were pH (4-10), size (+0.2-1.2 mm), speed (0-700 rpm) and temperature (26-50°C). The results of the experimental design indicated that the main significant parameter within the ranges studied for Cr (VI) dissolution in solution was higher speed, lower size for Ca dissolution while for Si, was the positive interaction of speed and size. Maximum Cr (VI) of 0.0104 mg/L was obtained in solution at pH 10, slag size of 0.2 mm, temperature of 50°C and rotational speed of 700 rpm. Also, complimenting the solubility studies was slag characterization using XRF, XRD and SEM/EDX analysis. From these results, it can be concluded that the operating parameters considered individually and their interaction have effect on the solubility of EAF steel slag.

scholarly journals Statistical Design and Analysis of Producer/Consumer Evaluations to Assess Plant Quality

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 761B-761
Author(s):  
Walter W. Stroup ◽  
Stacy A. Adams ◽  
Ellen T. Paparozzi
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Consumer Evaluations ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Alternative Designs ◽  
Anova Technique

An experiment was performed to investigate the effect of various nitrogen sulfer combinations on the quality of poinsettias. After various physiological measurements were taken, commercial growers, retailers, and consumers were asked to evaluate the salability of the plants. In order to avoid evaluator fatigue, only a limited number of plants could be evaluated. This presented both experimental design and data analysis problems. In view of these constraints, and in order to obtain meaningful results, an unreplicated 7 x 8 factorial design was used. Data were analyzed using the method of half-normal plots in conjunction with a modification of the analysis of variance procedure. Rationale and alternative designs will be presented, as well as the step-by-step procedure for using this method as contrasted with the standard ANOVA technique.

Carbothermal Reduction of Iron Ore Applying Microwave Energy

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmilson Renato de Castro ◽  
Marcelo Breda Mourão ◽  
Luiz Alberto Jermolovicius ◽  
Cyro Takano ◽  
José Thomaz Senise
Keyword(s):  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Reduction Of Iron

Optimization of PES Nanocomposite Membrane Preparation Using Statistical Analysis and Experimental Design

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin Orooji ◽  
Fatemeh Noorisafa ◽  
Nahid Imami ◽  
Amir R. Chaharmahali
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Nanocomposite Membrane ◽  
Membrane Preparation ◽  
Membrane Fabrication

<p>Using experimental design and statistical analysis (½ Fractional Factorial Design), this study investigates the effect of different parameters in the membrane fabrication on the performance of nanocomposite PES/TiO<sub>2</sub> membrane. </p>

Effects of reductant type on coal-based direct reduction of iron ore tailings

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-466
Author(s):  
Wei WANG ◽  
Pengfei YE ◽  
Xiaoli ZHOU ◽  
C WANG ◽  
Zekun HUO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Iron Ore Tailings ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
Direct Reduction Of Iron

Sustainable steel through hydrogen plasma reduction of iron ore: process, kinetics, microstructure, chemistry

2021 ◽  
pp. 116971
Author(s):  
I.R.Souza Filho ◽  
Y. Ma ◽  
M. Kulse ◽  
D. Ponge ◽  
B. Gault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Process Kinetics ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
Plasma Reduction
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