A Strain of Chlorella sp. was Used for Chicken Manure Fermentation Broth Treatment and Bio-Crude Oil Feedstock Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2714-2720
Author(s):  
Ting Ting Zhang ◽  
Hai Feng Lu ◽  
Tai Li Dong ◽  
Xi Cheng Niu ◽  
Bao Ming Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Microalgae Cultivation ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Feedstock Production ◽  
Addition Amount

One of the useful applications of chicken manure fermentation broth was foliar fertilization production. However, the effluent generated during foliar fertilization production processing was high in ammonia concentration, which was hard to be disposed by activated sludge method. Selecting microalgae to treat this kind of wastewater can realize pollutants purification, nutrients recovery and bio-energy production. A strain ofChlorellasp. was used. Results showed that the effluent can be used for microalgae cultivation. The optimal ammonia in the third (TS) and second step (SS) effluent forChlorellasp. growth was around 500 mg/L and the net growth rate was 49.2 and 51.0 mg/L, respectively. The optimal addition amount of inorganic carbon was 228.6 mg/L for TS to cultivateChlorellasp. By adding carbon resource every other day with trace elements, biomass reached to the highest value of 915.6 mg/L at 9 day. Without any addition of nutrient, the mixture of TS and SS can realize biomass accumulation of 497.0 mg/L. The highest removal of NH4+-N could reach 40%.

scholarly journals Application of electrodialysis for lactic acid recovery

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Hábová ◽  
K. Melzoch ◽  
M. Rychtera ◽  
L. Přibyl ◽  
V. Mejta
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Sodium Lactate ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Slow Flow ◽  
Lactic Acid Concentration ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Bipolar Membranes ◽  
Acid Recovery

The paper deals with the possibility of using two-stage electrodialysis for recovery of lactic acid from model solutions and from fermentation broth. In the first step lactate was concentrated with desalting electrodialysis using ion exchange membranes Ralex (Mega,Czech Republic). The highest final concentration of 111 g/l was reached in the concentrate, it means an increase more than 2.5-times in comparison with the initial concentration. At the most 2 g of lactate per litre remained in the feed. The second step was the electroconversion of sodium lactate to lactic acid by water-splitting electrodialysis with the bipolar membranes Neosepta (Tokuyama Corp.,Japan). The final lactic acid concentration of 157 g/l was reached in the diluate. Total required energy in both electrodialysis processes consisting of the energy consumption for lactate transfer and for its electroconversion to lactic acid was 142 Wh/mol. The fermentation broth was decolourised before electrodialysis experiments. The best decolourisation capacity was shown by granulated active charcoal filled in the column operated by a slow flow of broth.

scholarly journals Energy Production and Pollution Mitigation from Broilers Houses on Poultry Farms in Jamaica and Pennsylvania

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanique Grant ◽  
Alicia Marshalleck
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
State University ◽  
Pennsylvania State University ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
32 Factorial Design ◽  
The University

Increasing energy demands and diminishing fuel supplies have left nations desirous of avenues to minimize their reliance on traditional energy sources and a need to infuse supplementary technologies. Biogas technology is one such trajectory that can contribute to the reduction of dependency on fossil fuel as well as allay environmentally problems. The University of Technology, Jamaica (UTech) and Pennsylvania State University (PSU), in pursuit of investigating the potential of biogas in the agricultural sectors of Jamaica and Pennsylvania, United States, sought to use biogas generated from livestock (chicken, swine and cow) waste as an alternative energy source. A 32 factorial design resulted in the construction of seven (7) laboratory scale biodigesters, each with a volumetric capacity of 8 L. Variations of the ratio, (i.e. chicken manure in combination with pig or cow manure) and retention time enabled the monitoring of biogas flow-rates, temperature, pH, residual mass along with percentage methane production. From the data collected mathematical models relating the flow-rate and percentage methane concentration were deduced in order to facilitate the design of a pilot scale digester on the Silverdene poultry farm in the Parish of St. Catherine, Jamaica.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Chicken Manure with Algal Digestate

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Duan ◽  
Xia Ran ◽  
Ruirui Li ◽  
Panagiotis Kougias ◽  
Yuanhui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Kinetics Parameters ◽  
Total Ammonia

Dilution is considered to be a fast and easily applicable pretreatment for anaerobic digestion (AD) of chicken manure (CM), however, dilution with fresh water is uneconomical because of the water consumption. The present investigation was targeted at evaluating the feasibility and process performance of AD of CM diluted with algal digestate water (AW) for methane production to replace tap water (TW). Moreover, the kinetics parameters and mass flow of the AD process were also comparatively analyzed. The highest methane production of diluted CM (104.39 mL/g volatile solid (VS)) was achieved with AW under a substrate concentration of 8% total solid (TS). The result was markedly higher in comparison with the group with TW (79.54–93.82 mL/gVS). Apart from the methane production, considering its energy and resource saving, nearly 20% of TW replaced by AW, it was promising substitution to use AW for TW to dilute CM. However, the process was susceptible to substrate concentration, inoculum, as well as total ammonia and free ammonia concentration.

scholarly journals Dynamic Modeling of the Microalgae Cultivation Phase for Energy Production in Open Raceway Ponds and Flat Panel Photobioreactors

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Marsullo ◽  
Alberto Mian ◽  
Adriano Viana Ensinas ◽  
Giovanni Manente ◽  
Andrea Lazzaretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Modeling ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Microalgae Cultivation ◽  
Flat Panel ◽  
Raceway Ponds

scholarly journals Principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources in rulings of international courts

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
Filip Nawrot
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
International Courts ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
National Boundaries

Despite the fact of moving gradually away from the traditional energy sources, and reducing the share of the energy from the coal-fired power stations in the energy production, extraction of minerals other than hard coal remains crucial for human existence. It is enough to mention natural gas, metal ores, metals, gypsum, sand, precious stones, or thermal waters. However, it is necessary to keep in mind that geology and nature do not recognise the national boundaries, which results in the fact that some mineral deposits can be divided between two or more state territories. This leads to the situation when they are subject to the varied legal regimes. There is also a possibility of them being located outsidethe sovereignty or jurisdiction of any state. There are still under-researched topics connected with mining. The aim of this study is to define legal issues related to cross-border mining, the so-called shared natural resources, and to present solutions to problems identified respectively. The second step, after analysis of the terms natural resources and shared natural resources, will involve an analysis of the principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources in rulings of international courts.

scholarly journals Dry Anaerobic Digestion of Chicken Manure: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7825
Author(s):  
Yevhenii Shapovalov ◽  
Sergey Zhadan ◽  
Günther Bochmann ◽  
Anatoly Salyuk ◽  
Volodymyr Nykyforov
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
Ammonia Inhibition ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Dry Anaerobic Digestion

Providing anaerobic digestion is a prospective technology for utilizing organic waste, however, for waste with a high content of nitrogen such as manure, dilution is necessary to decrease the ammonia inhibition effect which leads to the production of a huge effluent amount which is difficult to use. Dry anaerobic digestion has some advantages such as reduced reactor volume, higher volumetric methane yield, lower energy consumption for heating, less wastewater production, and lower logistic costs for fertilizers. These factors generate interest in using it for treatment of even high-nitrogen substrates. The purpose of this work was to analyze different dry anaerobic digestion technologies, the features of dry anaerobic digestion, laboratory studies on chicken manure dry anaerobic digestion, and methods of reducing inhibitors’ effects. Nowadays, there are no dry anaerobic industrial plants working on chicken manure. However, studies on dry anaerobic digestion of chicken manure have proven the possibility of methane production under fermentation of chicken manure with high total solids content, but the process has been described as being unstable. Co-fermentation, ammonium/ammonia removal, and adaptation of the microbial consortium have been used to decrease the effect of ammonia inhibition. A prospective way for ammonia concentration control is absorption using a non-volatile sorbent located in the reactor. It decreases ammonia content during wet anaerobic digestion by 33% and it is characterized by having a positive economic effect. Therefore, dry anaerobic fermentation of chicken manure is possible, but there is still no efficient way to provide it. The results of this article should be helpful in the selection of anaerobic digestion technology for treating chicken manure.

Anaerobic Fermentation of Combined Chicken Manure and Straw on a Sequencing Batch Reactor: Analysis of Stability and Numerical Modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-628
Author(s):  
Lei Feng ◽  
Huisong Gu ◽  
Xiaofei Zhen
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Analysis Of Stability

Anaerobic fermentation experiments were performed using combinations of chicken manure and straw at a temperature of 37±0.5 °C for 70 d. In this investigation, system stability and methane production were analyzed using the Logistic model. According to our results, the highest cumulative methane yield was 292.87 mL/g VS at a straw ratio of 3%. This value was 17.43% higher than the one obtained using pure chicken manure. In addition, a positive correlation between ammonia concentration and content of chicken manure was observed. At the end of the reaction, pH values in the four groups were between 7.0 and 8.0. However, pH in the M2 group was significantly higher than that observed in the rest of the groups. Data also indicated that hydrolase activities were positively correlated with SCOD concentrations. In this context, cellulase activity reached the highest value on day 40. Proteinase activity presented two peaks on days 20 and 40. In the case of lipase, activities and amylase initially increased and later decreased, but the change is small. According to the results of the Logistic model, the highest methane production potential was of 404.41 mL/g VS, at a straw proportion of 3%. In addition, the highest daily methane yield was 6.13 mL/g VS.

Effect of 3 Kinds of Organic Fertilizers on the Concentrations of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Clay Soil under Flooded Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 1225-1228
Author(s):  
Xiao Deng ◽  
Chun Yuan Wu ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Jing Kun Liu ◽  
Qin Fen Li
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Cassava Residue ◽  
Addition Amount ◽  
Regular Patterns

Using pot experiment to study the effect of three organic fertilizers of chicken manure compost (CM), activated sludge (AS) and cassava residue compost (CR) on the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in clay soil under flooded conditions. The results showed that the regular patterns of the concentrations of DOC are basically the same in clay soils on applying three kinds of organic fertilizers and no applying fertilizers under flooded conditions. They were all showed as a “down-up-down” trend. The three kinds of organic fertilizers could effectively increase the concentrations of DOC in clay soils. And the concentrations of DOC gradually increased with increasing of the added proportion of organic fertilizers in clay soils, which respectively increased 1.34% ~ 52.64%, 4.58% ~ 149.98% and 2.64% ~ 72.45% in the treatments on 1%~3% addition amount of CM, AS and CR. It indicated that the improving effect of three kinds of organic fertilizers on the concentrations of DOC showed as AS>CR>CM in clay soils under flooded conditions.

Study on Mechanism of Anaerobic Sludge Granulation in UASB Reactors

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Jian ◽  
Lun Shi-yi
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Nucleus Formation ◽  
Uasb Reactors ◽  
Sludge Granulation

Sludge granulation in a 15 m3 UASB reactor, with alcoholic stillage from ethanol fermentation broth as influent, has been studied. Based on kinetic data as well as both scanning and transmitting scope observation and identification, a hypothesis for the mechanism of anaerobic sludge granulation is suggested. The first step of granulation is the formation of nuclei. The bacteria involved in the nucleus formation are mainly M. sarcina and M. thrix. The acetic acid concentration and the “selection pressure” play a decisive role for determining the nucleus formation. A wide spectrum of other bacteria, which the methanogens must syntrophically grow with, also play a very important role during the second step, that is the process of a nucleus growing into a granule.

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