Experimental Evaluation and Simulation of Al/Si Diffusion in Hot Dipped Fe-Si Steels

2012 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 428-433
Author(s):  
I. Infante Danzo ◽  
Benny Malengier ◽  
S. Miyar ◽  
E. Gomez ◽  
Kim Verbeken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Diffusion Annealing ◽  
Ternary Diffusion ◽  
Electrical Steels ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Dipping Process ◽  
Machine Elements

Hot dipping is a coating technique used in industry for galvanizing machine elements and steel profiles for construction or automotive applications. However, an alternative use of this process might be to improve specific properties. For instance, in order to improve the magnetic properties of electrical steels, it may be desirable to increase the Si and/or Al content. A possible and alternative route to realize this is by the application of an Al-Si-rich coating on the steel substrate using a hot dipping process, followed by a diffusion annealing treatment in order to distribute the Al/Si more evenly in the steel. The obtained distribution depends on the annealing parameters and can be both beneficial and detrimental for the magnetic properties. In the present work, Fe-Si substrates were hot dipped in different Al-Si baths. Subsequently, the samples were annealed at 1100°C during 20 minutes and concentration profiles were measured with scanning electron microscope energy dispersive spectroscopy line scans. The experimental results were analyzed using a specifically designed simulation model in order to determine the Al and Si diffusion coefficients. This model uses an inverse algorithm to determine interdiffusion coefficients that arise in a macro ternary diffusion system.

Characterization of the Intermetallic Compounds Formed during Hot Dipping of Electrical Steel in a Hypo-Eutectic Al-Si Bath

2010 ◽  
Vol 297-301 ◽  
pp. 370-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Infante Danzo ◽  
Kim Verbeken ◽  
Yvan Houbaert
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Steel ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Diffusion Annealing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electrical Steels ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Dipping Process ◽  
Steel Substrates

In order to improve the magnetic properties of electrical steels, it may be desirable to increase the Si and/or Al content of the steel. A possible and alternative route to realize this is through the application of an Al-Si-rich coating on the steel substrate using a hot dipping process, followed by a diffusion annealing treatment. Previously, a series of compositions were used for dipping, namely: pure Al, Al + 10wt% Si (hypo-eutectic composition) and Al + 25wt% Si (hypereutectic composition). After these dipping experiments, and the subsequent evaluation of the coating and its formed intermetallic phases, the use of a hypo-eutectic Al-Si-bath was recommended for further investigation, because of certain advantages: i.e. hypo-eutectic concentrations allow lower dipping temperatures and reduce the formation of ordered Fe-Si-structures that cause brittleness in the coating and substrate. The present work reports on the results obtained on materials that were hot dipped in a hypo-eutectic Al-Si bath. An Al + 1wt%Si bath was used to coat electrical steel substrates with different silicon contents with dipping times, varying between 0 to 20 seconds, after a preheating of the samples to a temperature of 700°C. A thorough characterization of the formed intermetallics was made by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Three different compounds were identified as Fe2Al5, FeAl3 and a nearly pure Al phase.

Production of Electrical Steel by Hot Dipping in Aluminium

2008 ◽  
Vol 273-276 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Pablo Rodriguez-Calvillo ◽  
P. Bernárdez ◽  
Yvan Houbaert
Keyword(s):  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Carbon Substrate ◽  
Diffusion Annealing ◽  
Pure Aluminium ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Power Losses

The addition of aluminium (and of silicon) to steel increases its electrical resistivity and reduces therefore the power losses in electrical devices. There is also a favourable effect on magnetostriction. Nevertheless, these additions make the steel extremely brittle and very difficult to process through a conventional thermomechanical route. The authors developed an innovative processing route, avoiding the rolling of a brittle steel sheet. The used process consists of the hot dipping of a steel substrate in a pure aluminium bath, followed by a diffusion annealing treatment. In order to study the reaction of the aluminium with the substrates and the diffusion process during further annealing, two substrates (ultra low carbon steel (ULC) and a Fe + 3.4 m.-% Si steel) were used for immersion in a pure aluminium bath. Dipping times and temperatures were varied in the range of 700 to 750 °C and 5 to 1000 sec., respectively. The different surface layers formed during dipping and after annealing were characterised with an Elcometer, by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the chemical composition of the layers obtained is strongly dependant on the initial substrate composition. Diffusion gradients of Al and Si in the steel after hot dipping and diffusion annealing are shown and discussed. Samples with a concentration gradient of Si and Al over the thickness have been produced. There is only a light reduction of the power losses for the substrate with 3.4 m.-% Si. The ultra low carbon substrate presents worse power losses after the processing. Further improvement of the processing is still required.

The microstructure change of low-carbon electrical steels by residual aluminum

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
C.K. Hou ◽  
C.T. Hu ◽  
Sanboh Lee
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Electrical Steels ◽  
Vacuum Degassing ◽  
Spherical Inclusions ◽  
Residual Aluminum ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Fine Size ◽  
To Come

The fully processed low-carbon electrical steels are generally fabricated through vacuum degassing to reduce the carbon level and to avoid the need for any further decarburization annealing treatment. This investigation was conducted on eighteen heats of such steels with aluminum content ranging from 0.001% to 0.011% which was believed to come from the addition of ferroalloys.The sizes of all the observed grains are less than 24 μm, and gradually decrease as the content of aluminum is increased from 0.001% to 0.007%. For steels with residual aluminum greater than 0. 007%, the average grain size becomes constant and is about 8.8 μm as shown in Fig. 1. When the aluminum is increased, the observed grains are changed from the uniformly coarse and equiaxial shape to the fine size in the region near surfaces and the elongated shape in the central region. SEM and EDAX analysis of large spherical inclusions in the matrix indicate that silicate is the majority compound when the aluminum propotion is less than 0.003%, then the content of aluminum in compound inclusion increases with that in steel.

ARMCO DI-MAX NONORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEELS

Alloy Digest ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Core Loss ◽  
Electrical Steels

Abstract Armco DI-MAX nonoriented electrical steels have practically identical magnetic properties in any direction of magnetism in the plane of the material. They have superior permeability at high inductions, low average core loss, good gage uniformity, excellent flatness, and a high stacking factor. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. Filing Code: FE-88. Producer or source: Armco Inc., Specialty Steels Division. Originally published April 1989, revised January 1999.

Effect of the Si and Al Content in Ferritic Electrical Steels on the Flow Behaviour and Dynamic Softening in Hot Rolling

2013 ◽  
Vol 762 ◽  
pp. 747-752
Author(s):  
Pablo Rodriguez-Calvillo ◽  
M. Perez-Sine ◽  
Jürgen Schneider ◽  
Harti Hermann ◽  
Jose María Cabrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Rolling ◽  
Flow Behaviour ◽  
Flow Curves ◽  
Electrical Steels ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dynamic Softening ◽  
Hot Rolling Conditions ◽  
Hardening And Softening

FeSi steels with and without addition of Al are widely used as electrical steels. To improve the knowledge of the effects by the addition of Si and Al on the hardening and softening under hot rolling conditions, the behaviour of the flow curves in a wide range of temperatures and deformation velocities have been studied.

scholarly journals Effect of Industrial Impregnation Process on the Magnetic Properties of Electrical Steels

2021 ◽  
pp. 167942
Author(s):  
H. Helbling ◽  
A. Benabou ◽  
A. Van Gorp ◽  
A. Tounzi ◽  
M. El Youssef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Electrical Steels ◽  
Impregnation Process

Influence of annealing treatment on soft magnetic properties of Fe76Si10B10Cr2Y2 amorphous ribbon

2015 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 333-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih Fan Chen ◽  
Chi Yu Hung ◽  
Shea Jue Wang ◽  
Shih Hsun Chen ◽  
Chien Chon Chen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Amorphous Ribbon ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Soft Magnetic Properties ◽  
Soft Magnetic

Comparison between Magnetic Anisotropy Energy and a Parameter to the Assessment of Magnetic Property of Electrical Steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 930 ◽  
pp. 449-453
Author(s):  
R.A.C. Felix ◽  
R.L.O. da Rosa ◽  
Luiz P. Brandão
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Property ◽  
Magnetic Anisotropy ◽  
Electrical Steel ◽  
Anisotropy Energy ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Magnetic Polarization ◽  
Magnetic Anisotropy Energy ◽  
Electrical Steels ◽  
Global Parameters

Alternative methods of quantitative texture analysis are applied to characterize the non-oriented grain electrical steels (NOG) in relation to their magnetic properties. Magnetic anisotropy energy (Ea) and A parameter are two models based on crystallographic texture that generates global parameters that can be used to predict the magnetic properties of NOG steels. In this work, these two models were used to evaluate the magnetic polarization and compared between themselves to realize which one best correlates to this property.

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