Re-utilization of Chinese medicinal herbal residue: waste wormwood rod-derived porous carbon as a low-cost adsorbent for methyl orange removal

Abstract A cost-effective approach was applied to prepare porous carbon samples by the simple carbonization of wormwood rod followed by salt activator (NaCl) activation. The effect of preparation parameters on the characteristics of the wormwood rod based porous carbons (WWRs) were studied. The properties of these samples were investigated by SEM, BET surface area, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The prepared WWRs were applied as new adsorbent materials to remove methyl orange (MO). The experimental results indicated that WWR-800 activated at 800 °C possesses the best adsorption performance. Several factors that affected the adsorption property of the system such as the solution pH, dosing of adsorbent, initial dye concentration and ionic strength were examined. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters and kinetic parameters of MO with WWR-800 were studied. The results indicated that the adsorption of MO on WWR-800 was an endothermic process and non-spontaneity under standard conditions. The maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity of MO on WWR-800 was 454.55 mg/g. After five adsorption/desorption cycles, the adsorption capacity of MO on WWR-800 remained at 94%, which indicated that wormwood rod based porous carbon possessed good reusability.

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CuAl LDH/Rice Husk Biochar Composite for Enhanced Adsorptive Removal of Cationic Dye from Aqueous Solution

BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING AND CATALYSIS ◽

10.9767/bcrec.15.2.7828.525-537 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 525-537 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Neza Rahayu Palapa ◽

Tarmizi Taher ◽

Bakri Rio Rahayu ◽

Risfidian Mohadi ◽

Addy Rachmat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Surface Area ◽

Malachite Green ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Low Cost ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Cationic Dye ◽

X Ray ◽

Adsorptive Removal

The preparation of CuAl LDH and biochar (BC) composite derived from rice husk and its application as a low-cost adsorbent for enhanced adsorptive removal of malachite green has been studied. The composite was prepared by a one-step coprecipitation method and characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM−EDX). The result indicated that CuAl LDH was successfully incorporated with the biochar that evidenced by the broadening of XRD peak at 2θ = 24° and the appearance of a new peak at 1095 cm−1 on the FTIR spectra. The BET surface area analysis revealed that CuAl/BC composite exhibited a larger surface area (200.9 m2/g) that the original CuAl LDH (46.2 m2/g). Surface morphological changes also confirmed by SEM image, which showed more aggregated particles. The result of the adsorption study indicated the composite material was efficient in removing malachite green with Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of CuAl/BC reaching 470.96 mg/g, which is higher than the original CuAl LDH 59.523 mg/g. The thermodynamic analysis suggested that the adsorption of malachite green occurs spontaneously (ΔG < 0 at all tested temperature) and endothermic nature. Moreover, the CuAl/BC composite showed strong potential as a low-cost adsorbent for cationic dye removal since it showed not only a high adsorption capacity but also good reusability. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

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Adsorption Behaviors of Arsenic(V) onto Fe-Based Backwashing Sludge Produced from Fe(II)-Removal Plants

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.1321 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 295-298 ◽

pp. 1321-1326 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kun Wu ◽

Ting Liu ◽

Jun Ming Peng

Keyword(s):

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Adsorption Kinetics ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Adsorption Behaviors ◽

Endothermic Process ◽

Fe Hydroxide ◽

Inner Sphere Complexes

This study investigates the adsorption characteristics of As(V) onto the Fe-based backwashing sludge (FBBS), which was produced in the Fe(II) removal process. FBBS exhibits rough surfaces and shows high BET surface area of 148.41 m2/g. According to the results of EDS and XRD, the main constituents include sulfate inter-layered Fe hydroxide [Fe(SO4)OH], ferric oxhydroxide (γ-FeOOH), quartz (SiO2), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The adsorption kinetics data were well described by the Elovich model (r2 = 0.993), indicating the highly heterogeneous adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of As(V) increased from 40.04 to 88.76 mg/g as temperatures increased from 298 to 318 K, suggesting an endothermic process. The removal of As(V) was inhibited with elevated solution pH, especially from pH 7.0 to pH 10.0. Moreover, the removal of As(V) was enhanced with an increase in ion strength (0.01-1 M NaNO3), implying that the adsorption of As(V) was mainly through inner-sphere complexes mechanism.

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Rapid Adsorption Removal of Triclosan and p-chloro-m-xylenol In Water By Nitrogen Doped Magnetic Porous Carbon

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1037896/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qiuxing Li ◽

Li Huang ◽

Paijin Zhu ◽

Min Zhong ◽

Shuxia Xu

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Porous Carbon ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

One Pot ◽

X Ray ◽

Order Kinetic Model ◽

Endothermic Process ◽

The One

Abstract Contamination of water resources with organic substances like phenolic fungicides is undesirable due to the improvement of living standards, huge production and consumption of daily chemicals, and an increase in the population. In this study, ZIF-67(Co) was synthesized using the “one pot method”, and the Co-magnetic porous carbon (Co-NPC) was prepared by ZIF-67 (Co) carbonization in an atmosphere of N2. The materials were tested using a X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N2 adsorption-desorption and magnetization analysis. These methods indicated that the Co-NPC was successfully prepared. With the original morphology of ZIF-67 (Co) crystal, the Co-NPC also has good porosity, magnetic properties and a large specific surface area. In water, Co-NPC-800 has a good adsorption capacity for triclosan (TCS) and p-chloro-m-xylenol (PCMX), which are kinds of aromatic fungicides. The adsorption of Co-NPC-800 on both reached equilibrium within 3 min, which is in accordance with the quasi-second-order kinetic model. At 298 K, the maximum adsorption capacity of Co-NPC-800 for TCS and PCMX was 163 and 39 mg·g-1, respectively. The adsorption of TCS and PCMX by Co-NPC-800 is a spontaneous endothermic process with reduced entropy. The combination of Co-NPC-800 and phenols come from multiple action of electrostatic, π-π and hydrogen bond effects. Moreover, Co-NPC-800 can be regenerated through simple washing and can be reused several times. Therefore, Co-NPC-800 has great potential to be applied across sewage treatments and other environmental fields.

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Fly Ash Coated with Magnetic Materials: Improved Adsorbent for Cu (II) Removal from Wastewater

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14010063 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Maria Harja ◽

Gabriela Buema ◽

Nicoleta Lupu ◽

Horia Chiriac ◽

Dumitru Daniel Herea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Copper Ions ◽

Synthetic Wastewater ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Copper Adsorption ◽

X Ray

Fly ash/magnetite material was used for the adsorption of copper ions from synthetic wastewater. The obtained material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Batch adsorption experiments were employed in order to investigate the effects of adsorbent dose, initial Cu (II) concentration and contact time over adsorption efficiency. The experimental isotherms were modeled using Langmuir (four types of its linearization), Freundlich, Temkin, and Harkins–Jura isotherm models. The fits of the results are estimated according to the Langmuir isotherm, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 17.39 mg/g. The pseudo-second-order model was able to describe kinetic results. The data obtained throughout the study prove that this novel material represents a potential low-cost adsorbent for copper adsorption with improved adsorption capacity and magnetic separation capability compared with raw fly ash.

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Removal of Chromium(III) and Cadmium(II) Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Treated Date Seeds: An Eco-Friendly Method

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26123718 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 3718

Author(s):

Mohammad Azam ◽

Saikh Mohammad Wabaidur ◽

Mohammad Rizwan Khan ◽

Saud I. Al-Resayes ◽

Mohammad Shahidul Islam

Keyword(s):

Metal Ions ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Low Cost ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Surface Analysis Techniques ◽

Adsorption Processes ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Metal Elution ◽

Date Pits

The aim of the research was to prepare low-cost adsorbents, including raw date pits and chemically treated date pits, and to apply these materials to investigate the adsorption behavior of Cr(III) and Cd(II) ions from wastewater. The prepared materials were characterized using SEM, FT-IR and BET surface analysis techniques for investigating the surface morphology, particle size, pore size and surface functionalities of the materials. A series of adsorption processes was conducted in a batch system and optimized by investigating various parameters such as solution pH, contact time, initial metal concentrations and adsorbent dosage. The optimum pH for achieving maximum adsorption capacity was found to be approximately 7.8. The determination of metal ions was conducted using atomic adsorption spectrometry. The experimental results were fitted using isotherm Langmuir and Freundlich equations, and maximum monolayer adsorption capacities for Cr(III) and Cd(II) at 323 K were 1428.5 and 1302.0 mg/g (treated majdool date pits adsorbent) and 1228.5 and 1182.0 mg/g (treated sagai date pits adsorbent), respectively. It was found that the adsorption capacity of H2O2-treated date pits was higher than that of untreated DP. Recovery studies showed maximal metal elution with 0.1 M HCl for all the adsorbents. An 83.3–88.2% and 81.8–86.8% drop in Cr(III) and Cd(II) adsorption, respectively, were found after the five regeneration cycles. The results showed that the Langmuir model gave slightly better results than the Freundlich model for the untreated and treated date pits. Hence, the results demonstrated that the prepared materials could be a low-cost and eco-friendly choice for the remediation of Cr(III) and Cd(II) contaminants from an aqueous solution.

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Magnetically Recyclable Wool Keratin Modified Magnetite Powders for Efficient Removal of Cu2+ Ions from Aqueous Solutions

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11051068 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1068

Author(s):

Xinyue Zhang ◽

Yani Guo ◽

Wenjun Li ◽

Jinyuan Zhang ◽

Hailiang Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Surface Area ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Ion Adsorption ◽

X Ray ◽

Wool Keratin

The treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals and the utilization of wool waste are very important for the sustainable development of textile mills. In this study, the wool keratin modified magnetite (Fe3O4) powders were fabricated by using wool waste via a co-precipitation technique for removal of Cu2+ ions from aqueous solutions. The morphology, chemical compositions, crystal structure, microstructure, magnetism properties, organic content, and specific surface area of as-fabricated powders were systematically characterized by various techniques including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analyzer. The effects of experimental parameters such as the volume of wool keratin hydrolysate, the dosage of powder, the initial Cu2+ ion concentration, and the pH value of solution on the adsorption capacity of Cu2+ ions by the powders were examined. The experimental results indicated that the Cu2+ ion adsorption performance of the wool keratin modified Fe3O4 powders exhibited much better than that of the chitosan modified ones with a maximum Cu2+ adsorption capacity of 27.4 mg/g under favorable conditions (0.05 g powders; 50 mL of 40 mg/L CuSO4; pH 5; temperature 293 K). The high adsorption capacity towards Cu2+ ions on the wool keratin modified Fe3O4 powders was primarily because of the strong surface complexation of –COOH and –NH2 functional groups of wool keratins with Cu2+ ions. The Cu2+ ion adsorption process on the wool keratin modified Fe3O4 powders followed the Temkin adsorption isotherm model and the intraparticle diffusion and pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic models. After Cu2+ ion removal, the wool keratin modified Fe3O4 powders were easily separated using a magnet from aqueous solution and efficiently regenerated using 0.5 M ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-H2SO4 eluting. The wool keratin modified Fe3O4 powders possessed good regenerative performance after five cycles. This study provided a feasible way to utilize waste wool textiles for preparing magnetic biomass-based adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions.

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Dysprosium Removal from Water Using Active Carbons Obtained from Spent Coffee Ground

10.20944/preprints201908.0076.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Lorena Alcaraz ◽

María Esther Escudero ◽

Francisco J. Alguacil ◽

Irene Llorente ◽

Ana Urbieta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Chemical Study ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Microporous Material ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Spent Coffee Ground ◽

Coffee Ground

This paper describes the physico-chemical study of the adsorption of dysprosium (Dy3+) in aqueous solution onto two types of activated carbons synthesized from spent coffee ground. KOH activated carbon is a microporous material with a specific BET surface area of 2330 m2·g-1 and pores with a diameter of 3.2 nm. Carbon activated with water vapor and N2 is a solid mesoporous, with pores of 5.7 nm in diameter and a specific surface of 982 m2·g-1. A significant dependence of the adsorption capacity on the solution pH was found, while it does not depend significantly neither on the dysprosium concentration nor on the temperature. A maximum adsorption capacity of 31.26 mg·g-1 and 33.52 mg·g-1 for the chemically and physically activated carbons, respectively, were found. In both cases, the results obtained from adsorption isotherms and kinetic study were better fit to a Langmuir model and a pseudo-second-order kinetics. In addition, thermodynamic results indicate that dysprosium adsorption onto both activated carbons is an exothermic, spontaneous and favorable process.

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Preparation of Activated Carbon Derived from Jordanian Olive Cake and Functionalized with Cu/Cu2O/CuO for Adsorption of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Wastewater

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14216636 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (21) ◽

pp. 6636

Author(s):

Muna Abu-Dalo ◽

Jehad Abdelnabi ◽

Abeer Al Bawab

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Olive Mill Wastewater ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Olive Cake ◽

Adsorption Parameters ◽

X Ray ◽

Cost Effective Treatment ◽

Olive Mill

Olive oil production generates solid and liquid wastes that cause various environmental problems due to their high phenols and polyphenols load. Although many treatment methods were investigated to manage these wastes, more research is still needed to identify simple and cost-effective approaches. In this study, activated carbon (AC) was prepared from olive cake waste and functionalized with Cu/Cu2O/CuO for efficient and selective removal of phenolic content from olive mill wastewater (OMW). AC media were characterized by scanning electron/dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The optimum adsorption parameters were investigated, and the adsorption isotherms, thermodynamics, and kinetics were determined. The adsorption of phenols onto copper oxide AC was best described by the Langmuir adsorption with maximum adsorption capacity of 13.9, 12.7, and 9.9 mg/g at 311, 302, and 293 K, respectively. The adsorption reaction was found to be spontaneous and endothermic where ∆H° and ∆G° were found to be 30.104 kJ/mol and −1.765, −2.839, and −3.723 (kJ/mol) at 311, 302, and 293 K, respectively. In addition, the kinetics data were perfectly fit by the pseudo-second-order model. The activated product derived from recyclable olive cake and enriched with inorganic functionality can offer a cost-effective treatment solution for OMW; thus, reducing both the liquid and solid waste generated from the olive mill industry.

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Adsorción del naranja de metilo en solución acuosa sobre hidróxidos dobles laminares

Acta Universitaria ◽

10.15174/au.2015.778 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 25-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Laura Alicia Ramírez Llamas ◽

Araceli Jacobo Azuara ◽

J. Merced Martínez Rosales

Keyword(s):

Methyl Orange ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Dye Adsorption ◽

Temperature Programmed Desorption ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Suitable Temperature ◽

Temperature Programmed ◽

Double Hydroxides

In this paper, layered double hydroxides (LDH) were synthesized and characterized using techniques of Physisorption of Nitrogen, Infrared, Temperature Programmed Desorption, X-Ray Diffraction, TGA and Immersion Microcalorimetry, in order to determine the basic properties of the adsorbent. The methyl orange (MO) is used as a dye and as a result, it is frequently found in effluents from textile industries. The dye adsorption isotherms on LDH were studied as function of pH and temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity of methyl orange on LDH was carried out at pH 5, and the minimum adsorption capacity at pH 11, being 40.2 mg/g and 22.1 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the suitable temperature to promote the adsorption of methyl orange on LDH was at 25 °C, as at 35 °C shows a significant decrease.

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Efficient Removal of Diclofenac from Aqueous Solution by Potassium Ferrate-Activated Porous Graphitic Biochar: Ambient Condition Influences and Adsorption Mechanism

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17010291 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 291 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nguyen Thi Minh Tam ◽

Yunguo Liu ◽

Hassan Bashir ◽

Zhihong Yin ◽

Yuan He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Diclofenac Sodium ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Potassium Ferrate ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Modified Biochar ◽

Prepared Material ◽

Endothermic Process ◽

One Step

Porous graphitic biochar was synthesized by one-step treatment biomass using potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) as activator for both carbonization and graphitization processes. The modified biochar (Fe@BC) was applied for the removal of diclofenac sodium (DCF) in an aqueous solution. The as-prepared material possesses a well-developed micro/mesoporous and graphitic structure, which can strengthen its adsorption capacity towards DCF. The experimental results indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of Fe@BC for DCF obtained from Langmuir isotherm simulation was 123.45 mg·L−1 and it was a remarkable value of DCF adsorption in comparison with that of other biomass-based adsorbents previously reported. Thermodynamic quality and effect of ionic strength studies demonstrated that the adsorption was a endothermic process, and higher environmental temperatures may be more favorable for the uptake of DCF onto Fe@BC surface; however, the presence of NaCl in the solution slightly obstructed DCF adsorption. Adsorption capacity was found to be decreased with the increase of solution pH. Additionally, the possible mechanism of the DCF adsorption process on Fe@BC may involve chemical adsorption with the presence of H-bonding and π–π interaction. With high adsorption capacity and reusability, Fe@BC was found to be a promising absorbent for DCF removal from water as well as for water purification applications.

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