Effect of Basicity and Boron Oxide in Slags of the AOD Process on the Equilibrium Interphase Distribution of Sulfur and Boron

2021 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Anatolij A. Babenko ◽  
Ruslan R. Shartdinov ◽  
Alena G. Upolovnikova
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Boron Oxide ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Oxide Phase ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Interphase Distribution ◽  
Metallurgical Slags ◽  
Argon Oxygen Decarburization ◽  
Fluxing Agent ◽  
Equilibrium Content

The use of fluorspar in modern metallurgical slags, incl. slags of the argon-oxygen decarburization (AOD) process, as a fluxing agent, is associated with many disadvantages. Those disadvantages can be solved by using boron oxide as an alternative, which also provides conditions for direct microalloying of steel with boron. The paper presents the results of thermodynamic modeling of the effect of basicity and boron oxide content in slags of the CaO–SiO2–B2O3–Cr2O3–Al2O3–MgO system on the equilibrium interphase distribution of sulfur and boron, and their equilibrium content in the metal. Modeling was carried out using the HSC 8.03 Chemistry software package (Outokumpu). Slag from the desulfurization period of the AOD-process was used as the oxide phase. As a result, it was shown that, in the range of basicities 2.0-2.5 and a content of 2-4% B2O3, it is possible to carry out desulfurization of the metal, providing a sulfur content of 0.001-0.007%, and simultaneous microalloying of steel with boron in an amount of up to 0.0103%.

Properties of Barium Stannate Titanate with Boron Oxide Addition

2009 ◽  
Vol 421-422 ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
Nattaya Tawichai ◽  
Sukum Eitssayeam ◽  
Uraiwan Intatha ◽  
Kamonpan Pengpat ◽  
Gobwute Rujijanagul
Keyword(s):  
Boron Oxide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Sintering Aid ◽  
Oxide Addition ◽  
Barium Stannate ◽  
Multilayer Capacitor ◽  
Solid State Sintering ◽  
Titanate Ceramics ◽  
Sintering Method

In this study, barium stannate titanate ceramics with an addition of boron oxide were synthesized via a solid-state sintering method. The effect of sintering aid on electrical and mechanical properties of barium stannate titanate ceramics was investigated. It was found that, the ceramic with 2 wt% boron oxide showed the lowest porosity and the highest dielectric constant of ~ 13700 at room temperature. In addition, an increase in the boron oxide content was observed to enhance the hardness of the ceramics. These results may be helpful in the multilayer capacitor applications.

scholarly journals Direct microalloying of steel with cerium under slags of СаО–SiO 2 – Ce2O3– 15 % Al2O3 –8 % MgO system with additional reducing agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 581-587
Author(s):  
A. G. Upolovnikova ◽  
A. A. Babenko ◽  
L. A. Smirnov ◽  
L. Yu. Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Equilibrium Concentration ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Slag Basicity ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Cerium Content ◽  
System Temperature ◽  
Equilibrium Content

An assessment of the possibility of steel direct microalloying with cerium was performed using thermodynamic modeling of cerium reduction from slags of CaO– SiO2– Ce2O3 system containing 15 % Al2O3 and 8 % МgO, additional additives of reducing agents (aluminum or ferrosilicoaluminium), at temperatures of 1550 and 1650 °C using the HSC 6.1 Chemistry (Outokumpu) software package. Depending on the additional additives of aluminum or ferroglycoaluminium, metal temperature, slag basicity and content of cerium oxide, 0.228 to 40.5 ppm of cerium transfers into the metal. With an additional additive of aluminum from slag (Y1) containing 1.0 % of cerium oxide, 0.228 ppm of cerium is transferred to the metal at 1550 °C. An increase in the system temperature to 1650 °C is accompanied by a slight increase in cerium content, reaching no more than 0.323 ppm. When added to ferrosilicoaluminium metal, cerium content in the metal is higher and amounts to 0.402 and 0.566 ppm at 1550 and 1650 °C, respectively. When concentration of cerium oxide in the slag (Y2) increases to 7.0 %, more signifcant increase in cerium content in the metal is observed, reaching in temperature range of 1550 – 1650 °C, 1.65 – 2.31 ppm with aluminum additives and 2.90 – 4.05 ppm with ferrosilicoaluminium additives. The most noticeable increase in cerium content in the metal is observed with an increase in slag basicity. During formation of slags with basicity of 2 – 3, containing 1 – 7 % Ce2O3, the equilibrium concentration of cerium in the metal varies from 0.5 to 4 ppm with aluminum additives and 1 – 7 ppm with ferro­silicoaluminium additives at 1550 °C. Slags transfer to the increased (up to 3 – 5) basicity is accompanied by an increase in the equilibrium content of cerium in the metal to 4 – 12 ppm with aluminum additives and 7 – 20 ppm with ferrosilicoaluminium additives at Ce2O3 content of 3 – 7 % and, as a result, an increase in efciency of cerium reduction process.

Features of ladle desulfuration of pipe steel with low sulfur content

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 716-720
Author(s):  
S. N. Ushakov ◽  
V. A. Bigeev ◽  
A. M. Stolyarov ◽  
M. V. Potapova ◽  
E. V. Sokolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Slag Composition ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Pipe Steel ◽  
Converter Slag ◽  
Sulfur Removal ◽  
Slag Basicity ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Covering Slag

At the present time the sulfur content in pipe steel is strictly regulated. Under conditions of PJSC “Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works” the metal is smelted in BOF shop with preliminary desulfurization of molten iron, treatment of tapping steel by a solid slag-forming mixture and final desulfurization in the “Ladle-Furnace” unit (LP-unit). In order to increase the efficiency of the sulfur removal process, the influence of the covering slag composition on metal desulfurization is considered. Statistical processing of production data array consisting of 14 melts of steel grade 10Г2ФБЮ with K60 strength class was performed. The dependences of the sulfur content in the metal after desulfurization in the LP-unit on the oxidizing ability, covering slag basicity and the content of magnesium oxide was established: it is shown that the amount of sulfur removed during the ladle treatment process increases with the increase of the covering slag basicity and with the decrease of the magnesium oxide content in slag. For describing this dependence, a new parameter was proposed – the ratio of slag basicity to MgO content in it, %–1. A high content of magnesium oxide in the “white” slag was revealed. This fact indicates a significant amount of converter slag getting into the ladle due to its poor cut-off in the process of metal tapping from the unit. The study of the influence of the coating “white” slag composition on the metal desulfurization process in the LP-unit showed, that for the effective sulfur removal, it is necessary to provide not only welldeoxidized slag with a total content of iron and manganese oxides of less than 1%, but also to ensure the ratio of its basicity to the magnesium content in this slag not less than 0.60–0.65%–1.

Effect of Improved ThO2 Particle Dispersion in Nickel on High-Temperature Strength

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
E. R. Kimmel ◽  
H. L. Anthony ◽  
W. Scheithauer
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Oxide Particle ◽  
Oxide Phase ◽  
Dislocation Motion ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Oxide Particles ◽  
The Stability

The strengthening effect at high temperature produced by a dispersed oxide phase in a metal matrix is seemingly dependent on at least two major contributors: oxide particle size and spatial distribution, and stability of the worked microstructure. These two are strongly interrelated. The stability of the microstructure is produced by polygonization of the worked structure forming low angle cell boundaries which become anchored by the dispersed oxide particles. The effect of the particles on strength is therefore twofold, in that they stabilize the worked microstructure and also hinder dislocation motion during loading.

Quanitative aspects of electron diffraction using electron holography

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 616-617
Author(s):  
E. Völkl ◽  
L.F. Allard ◽  
B. Frost ◽  
T.A. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Spatial Coherence ◽  
Electron Holography ◽  
Image Intensity ◽  
Interference Fringes ◽  
Complex Image ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Recorded Image

Off-axis electron holography has the well known ability to preserve the complex image wave within the final, recorded image. This final image described by I(x,y) = I(r) contains contributions from the image intensity of the elastically scattered electrons IeI (r) = |A(r) exp (iΦ(r)) |, the contributions from the inelastically scattered electrons IineI (r), and the complex image wave Ψ = A(r) exp(iΦ(r)) as:(1) I(r) = IeI (r) + Iinel (r) + μ A(r) cos(2π Δk r + Φ(r))where the constant μ describes the contrast of the interference fringes which are related to the spatial coherence of the electron beam, and Φk is the resulting vector of the difference of the wavefront vectors of the two overlaping beams. Using a software package like HoloWorks, the complex image wave Ψ can be extracted.

Computer programs for the calculation of x-ray intensities emitted by elements in multi-layer structures

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
G.F. Bastin ◽  
H.J.M. Heijligers ◽  
J.M. Dijkstra
Keyword(s):  
Software Package ◽  
Light Element ◽  
Matrix Correction ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Know How ◽  
Accurate Knowledge ◽  
Layer Structures ◽  
Bulk Matrix

For the calculation of X-ray intensities emitted by elements present in multi-layer systems it is vital to have an accurate knowledge of the x-ray ionization vs. mass-depth (ϕ(ρz)) curves as a function of accelerating voltage and atomic number of films and substrate. Once this knowledge is available the way is open to the analysis of thin films in which both the thicknesses as well as the compositions can usually be determined simultaneously.Our bulk matrix correction “PROZA” with its proven excellent performance for a wide variety of applications (e.g., ultra-light element analysis, extremes in accelerating voltage) has been used as the basis for the development of the software package discussed here. The PROZA program is based on our own modifications of the surface-centred Gaussian ϕ(ρz) model, originally introduced by Packwood and Brown. For its extension towards thin film applications it is required to know how the 4 Gaussian parameters α, β, γ and ϕ(o) for each element in each of the films are affected by the film thickness and the presence of other layers and the substrate.

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