Measurement of Outgassing in a Vacuum Environment

Outgassing, the evolution of gas from the material in a vacuum, is not only a source of micro contamination in a semiconductor or the flat display panel production process, but it also a limitation factor in the ultra clean process of nano-technology. The outgassing from the materials of satellites and spacecrafts must be controlled for increased safety and function because space is also a vacuum environment. Several methods are used in outgassing measurement in general, but there is no one method suitable for obtaining all outgassing data. The most suitable method for a particular application must be chosen by the experimenter or user. Three types of outgassing measurement systems were fabricated and characterized, ‘Throughput method,’ ‘Rate of Rise method’ and ‘Mass Loss Measurement method’. The outgassing rates of many kinds of materials were measured and characterized using these systems.

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Erosion-Behaviors of the Steel Structure Coating Eroded at Low Erosion-Angle in Sandstorm Environment

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.3933 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 383-390 ◽

pp. 3933-3938

Author(s):

Yun Hong Hao ◽

Yong Ming Xing ◽

Li Li

Keyword(s):

Mass Loss ◽

Wear Mechanism ◽

Measurement Method ◽

Decisive Role ◽

Steel Structure ◽

Erosion Wear ◽

Loss Measurement ◽

High Toughness ◽

Erosion Test ◽

Erosion Zone

Aiming at the durability deterioration of the coating of steel structure because of being eroded in sandstorm. through the erosion test to the coating of steel structure by airflow jet with sand at low erosion-angle, the mass-loss measurement method is used to assess erosion-wear degree of the coating, Observation of microstructure of the erosion zone using SEM to analyze the erosion-wear mechanism of the coating, and proposes a assessment formula for assessing the erosion-wear degree of the coating. Results show that the erosion-wear mechanism is that erosion is mainly micro-cutting role at low erosion-angle, materials hardness is decisive factor, and erosion is mainly compression deformation at high erosion-angle, materials toughness plays decisive role, as the coating is low hardness and high toughness materials, which is eroded more seriously at low erosion-angle. The reliability of the assessment formula is verified to assess the erosion-wear degree of the coating. The study will provide basis for exactly assessing the durability of steel structure.

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Reaction to fire tests. Mass loss measurement

10.3403/30134819u ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Mass Loss ◽

Fire Tests ◽

Loss Measurement

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Meteorological Measurement Systems

10.1093/oso/9780195134513.001.0001 ◽

2001 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Fred V. Brock ◽

Scott J. Richardson

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Performance ◽

Measurement Systems ◽

Sensor Performance ◽

Performance Specifications ◽

Meteorological Measurement ◽

Design Type ◽

Static Sensitivity ◽

And Function ◽

Logical Functions ◽

Source Of Error

This book treats instrumentation used in meteorological surface systems, both on the synoptic scale and the mesoscale, and the instrumentation used in upper air soundings. The text includes material on first- and second-order differential equations as applied to instrument dynamic performance, and required solutions are developed. Sensor physics are emphasized in order to explain how sensors work and to explore the strengths and weaknesses of each design type. The book is organized according to sensor type and function (temperature, humidity, and wind sensors, for example), though several unifying themes are developed for each sensor. Functional diagrams are used to portray sensors as a set of logical functions, and static sensitivity is derived from a sensor's transfer equation, focusing attention on sensor physics and on ways in which particular designs might be improved. Sensor performance specifications are explored, helping to compare various instruments and to tell users what to expect as a reasonable level of performance. Finally, the text examines the critical area of environmental exposure of instruments. In a well-designed, properly installed, and well-maintained meteorological measurement system, exposure problems are usually the largest source of error, making this chapter one of the most useful sections of the book.

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A Practical Copper Loss Measurement Method for the Planar Transformer in High-Frequency Switching Converters

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics ◽

10.1109/tie.2007.899877 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 2276-2287 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Yongtao Han ◽

W. Eberle ◽

Yan-Fei Liu

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Measurement Method ◽

Switching Converters ◽

Loss Measurement ◽

Copper Loss

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Cross Calibration by FFT Equalization

Journal of Dynamic Systems Measurement and Control ◽

10.1115/1.2801239 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 119 (2) ◽

pp. 236-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. Peleg

Keyword(s):

Measurement Method ◽

Functional Relationship ◽

Measurement Methods ◽

New Method ◽

Measurement Systems ◽

True Value ◽

Calibration Problem ◽

Regression Techniques ◽

The Cross ◽

Cross Calibration

The classical calibration problem is primarily concerned with comparing an approximate measurement method with a very precise one. Frequently, both measurement methods are very noisy, so we cannot regard either method as giving the true value of the quantity being measured. Sometimes, it is desired to replace a destructive or slow measurement method, by a noninvasive, faster or less expensive one. The simplest solution is to cross calibrate one measurement method in terms of the other. The common practice is to use regression models, as cross calibration formulas. However, such models do not attempt to discriminate between the clutter and the true functional relationship between the cross calibrated measurement methods. A new approach is proposed, based on minimizing the sum of squares of the differences between the absolute values of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) series, derived from the readings of the cross calibrated measurement methods. The line taken is illustrated by cross calibration examples of simulated linear and nonlinear measurement systems, with various levels of additive noise, wherein the new method is compared to the classical regression techniques. It is shown, that the new method can discover better the true functional relationship between two measurement systems, which is occluded by the noise.

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Postpartum Blood Loss Measurement Using Digital Image Processing

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20187313023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

pp. 13023

Author(s):

Siska Febrina Fauziah ◽

Suryono Suryono ◽

Melyana Nurul Widyawati

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

Blood Loss ◽

Blood Volume ◽

Digital Image Processing ◽

Digital Image ◽

Measurement Method ◽

Delivery Care ◽

Loss Measurement ◽

Postpartum Blood Loss ◽

Image Area

Most of maternal mortality is directly caused by obstetric hemorrhage and almost three-quarters of it take place in postpartum period. The risk of maternal death due to hemorrhage can be reduced with prompt and proper care that in turn relates to the blood loss measurement method used. Unfortunately, the most commonly practiced method is not yet accurate enough. This research proposes a postpartum blood loss measurement method using digital image processing. Initially, characterization is carried out to find out blood absorbance against digital image area and blood volume in the underpad. Results of this characterization then serve as the basis for blood loss measurement using digital image processing. This measurement basis is validated by measuring blood volume lost during delivery care. Results show that the area and volume of blood absorbed in the underpad has significant linear relation (R = 0.9734). Digital image processing can be used to measure postpartum blood loss with a high accuracy up to 83.7%. The use of this method is therefore an accurate and objective alternative to the other available method. Nonetheless, the use of this new method must also adhere to standard guidelines in delivery care as to ensure the utmost outcomes.

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Research and Application of High-Tech Materials Adapted in the Sport Training

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.194 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 926-930 ◽

pp. 194-197

Author(s):

Jian Quan Yang ◽

Yong Cai Zheng ◽

Liang Chen

Keyword(s):

Production Process ◽

High Tech ◽

New Materials ◽

Sport Training ◽

Process Characteristics ◽

And Function ◽

Main Material

The development of sports needs the use of new high - tech materials and forces human to research and make use of new materials1 It is very importent and urgent to study and summary the effects of new high - tech materials on the development of sports. New materials applied in the game equipment greatly promoted the increase of sports results. Summarizing and researching new materials in sports equipment in the role, interaction, main material and function and the production process characteristics helps accelerate the sports value and application of new materials.

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