Abrasive Erosion Comparison for a Ceramics and a High Chrome Cast Iron Applied in a Slurry Pump

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 894-897
Author(s):  
Xian Wu Luo ◽  
Hong Yuan Xu ◽  
Juan Liu ◽  
Long Hao Qi
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Engineering Ceramics ◽  
Flow Passage ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Abrasive Erosion ◽  
Si3n4 Ceramics

Slurry pumps are used to transport the liquid fluids with solid particles in the industries. The materials of flow passage in a slurry pump are subjected to severe damage due to abrasive erosion. This paper compares the abrasive erosion for an engineering ceramics i.e. hot pressed Si3N4 ceramics and a high chrome cast iron i.e. Cr26 by laboratory test and industrial operation. The results indicate that the erosion rate of Cr26 is much larger than that of hot pressed Si3N4 ceramics under the same test conditions. That indicates that the engineering ceramics is a promising alternation of the expensive material such as Cr26 in the application of slurry pumps. It is noted that the erosion pattern such as scale ripple has the similar features for both materials, even the hardness of hot pressed Si3N4 ceramics is much higher than Cr26. Further, the scale ripple is suspected to be originated from the relatively weak grain boundary and enhanced by cavitation.

scholarly journals A proposal to determine the distribution of lateral forces from loaded recycled plastic drainage kerbs

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fin O’Flaherty ◽  
Fathi Al-Shawi
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Test Methodology ◽  
Lateral Forces ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Construction Product

AbstractThis study presents a detailed analysis of the lateral forces generated as a result of vertically applied loads to recycled plastic drainage kerbs. These kerbs are a relatively new addition to road infrastructure projects. When concrete is used to form road drainage kerbs, its deformation is minimum when stressed under heavy axle loads. Although recycled plastic kerbs are more environmentally friendly as a construction product, they are less stiff than concrete and tend to deform more under loading leading to a bursting type, lateral force being applied to the haunch materials, the magnitude of which is unknown. A method is proposed for establishing the distribution of these lateral forces resulting from deformation under laboratory test conditions. A load of 400 kN is applied onto a total of six typical kerbs in the laboratory in accordance with the test standard. The drainage kerbs are surrounded with 150 mm of concrete to the front and rear haunch and underneath as is normal during installation. The lateral forces exerted on the concrete surround as a result of deformation of the plastic kerbs are determined via a strain measuring device. Analysis of the test data allows the magnitude of the lateral forces to the surrounding media to be determined and, thereby, ensuring the haunch materials are not over-stressed as a result. The proposed test methodology and subsequent analysis allows for an important laboratory-based assessment of any typical recycled plastic drainage kerbs to be conducted to ensure they are fit-for-purpose in the field.

Analogues for the Corrosion-induced Expansion of Iron in HLW containers

2003 ◽  
Vol 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas R. Smart ◽  
Rachel Adams ◽  
Lars Werme
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Geologic Repository ◽  
Iron Corrosion ◽  
Aqueous Environments ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Anaerobic Corrosion ◽  
Magnetite Film

ABSTRACTIn Sweden, spent nuclear fuel will be encapsulated in sealed cylindrical canisters, consisting of a cast iron insert and a copper outer container. The canisters will be placed in a deep geologic repository and surrounded by bentonite. If a breach of the outer copper container were to occur the cast iron insert would undergo anaerobic corrosion, forming a magnetite film whose volume would be greater than that of the base metal. In principle there is a possibility that accumulation of iron corrosion product could cause expansion of the copper canister. Anaerobic corrosion rates are very slow, so in the work described in this paper reference was made to analogous archaeological materials that had been corroding for long periods in natural anoxic aqueous environments. This paper describes a number of archaeological artefacts containing iron and copper corroding in constrained geometries in anoxic natural waters. No evidence has been obtained which would suggest that severe damage is likely to occur to waste canisters as a result of expansive corrosion of cast iron under repository conditions.

Effect of slurry concentration on erosion wear behavior of AISI 5117 steel and high-chromium white cast iron

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ahmed Al-Bukhaiti ◽  
Ahmed Abouel Kasem Mohamad ◽  
Karam Mosa Emara ◽  
Shemy M. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Particle Concentration ◽  
White Cast Iron ◽  
Slurry Erosion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Chromium ◽  
Slurry Concentration ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the influence of slurry concentration on the erosion behavior of AISI 5117 steel and high-chromium white cast iron by using a whirling-arm rig. In this study, the slurry erosion mechanism with particle concentration has been studied. Design/methodology/approach The tests were carried out with particle concentrations in the range of 1-7 Wt.%, and the impact velocity of slurry stream was 15 m/s. Silica sand with a nominal size range of 500-710 µm was used as an erodent. The study revealed that the failure mode was independent of concentration. Findings The results showed that the erosion rate decreases with the increase in particle concentration and the variation in the reduction depends on the material. It was found that the variation of fractal dimension calculated from slope of linearized power spectral density of eroded surface image for different concentrations can be used to characterize the slurry erosion intensity in a similar manner to the erosion rate. It was also found that the variation of fractal dimension versus concentration of sand has a general trend that does not depend on magnification factor. Originality/value Using the gravitational measurement and image analysis, the variation of the wear with slurry concentration has been analyzed to investigate the implicated mechanisms of erosion during the process.

scholarly journals Numerical investigation on the solid particle erosion in elbow with water–hydrate–solid flow

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 003685041989724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zhang ◽  
JiaWei Zhou ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Wei Gong
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Stokes Number ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Curvature Radius ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Solid Flow ◽  
Erosion Zone

Erosion in pipeline caused by solid particles, which may lead to premature failure of the pipe system, is regarded as one of the most important concerns in the field of oil and gas. Therefore, the Euler–Lagrange, erosion model, and discrete phase model are applied for the purpose of simulating the erosion of water–hydrate–solid flow in submarine hydrate transportation pipeline. In this article, the flow and erosion characteristics are well verified on the basis of experiments. Moreover, analysis is conducted to have a good understanding of the effects of hydrate volume, mean curvature radius/pipe diameter ( R/ D) rate, flow velocity, and particle diameter on elbow erosion. It is finally obtained that the hydrate volume directly affects the Reynolds number through viscosity and the trend of the Reynolds number is consistent with the trend of erosion rate. Taking into account different R/ D rates, the same Stokes number reflects different dynamic transforms of the maximum erosion zone. However, the outmost wall (zone D) will be the final erosion zone when the value of the Stokes number increases to a certain degree. In addition, the erosion rate increases sharply along with the increase of flow velocity and particle diameter. The effect of flow velocity on the erosion zone can be ignored in comparison with the particle diameter. Moreover, it is observed that flow velocity is deemed as the most sensitive factor on erosion rate among these factors employed in the orthogonal experiment.

Representative volume element-based simulation of multiple solid particles erosion of a compressor blade considering temperature effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (8) ◽  
pp. 1173-1184
Author(s):  
Bijan Mohammadi ◽  
AmirSajjad Khoddami
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Solid Particle ◽  
Representative Volume Element ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Compressor Blade ◽  
Volume Element ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Solid Particle Erosion ◽  
Particle Erosion ◽  
Representative Volume

Solid particle erosion is one of the main failure mechanisms of a compressor blade. Thus, characterization of this damage mode is very important in life assessment of the compressor. Since experimental study of solid particle erosion needs special methods and equipment, it is necessary to develop erosion computer models. This study presents a coupled temperature–displacement finite element model to investigate damage of a compressor blade due to multiple solid particles erosion. To decrease the computational cost, a representative volume element technique is introduced to simulate simultaneous impact of multiple particles. Blade has been made of Ti-6Al-4V, a ductile titanium-based alloy, which is impacted by alumina particles. Erosion finite element modeling is assumed as a micro-scale impact problem and Johnson–Cook constitutive equations are used to describe Ti-6Al-4V erosive behavior. In regard to a wide variation range in thermal conditions all over the compressor, it is divided into three parts (first stages, middle stages, and last stages) in which each part has an average temperature. Effective parameters on erosive behavior of the blade alloy, such as impact angle, particles velocity, and particles size are studied in these three temperatures. Results show that middle stages are the most critical sites of the compressor in terms of erosion damage. An exponential relation is observed between erosion rate and particles velocity. The dependency of erosion rate on size of particles at high temperatures is indispensable.

Erosion Wear Behavior of Coatings with Growth Defects Produced by Ion Beam Enhanced Pulsed Filtered Vacuum Arc Deposition

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 1527-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Fang Wu ◽  
Jian Xin Deng ◽  
Pei Yan ◽  
Wen Long Song
Keyword(s):  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Hard Metal ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
Erosion Wear ◽  
Growth Defects ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
Arc Deposition

The erosion wear behavior of TiN coatings with growth defects was studied. The TiN coatings were produced on a hard metal by ion beam enhanced pulsed filtered vacuum cathode arc deposition. The erosion wear was tested with a gas blast apparatus. In the test, TiN coatings were impacted at an impingement angle of 90° by angular SiC solid particles with an average diameter of 124um. The maximum depth of the erosion scar measured by the optical profiler was used to evaluate the erosion wear loss of the coatings. The coatings proved to have much lower erosion rate than that of the substrate material and consequently, the erosion rate increased significantly to the high level of the hard metal substrate after the coatings were penetrated. The failure mechanism was revealed by examining the surface morphologies of the coatings before and after the erosion test. The erosive wear of the TiN coatings with growth defects behaved as typical brittle materials. The damage mechanism of the coatings with growth defects was described.

Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) Measurement of Abrasive Microparticle Impact Speed and Angle in Both Air-Sand and Slurry Erosion Testers

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Mansouri ◽  
Hadi Arabnejad Khanouki ◽  
Siamack A. Shirazi ◽  
Brenton S. McLaury
Keyword(s):  
Solid Particle ◽  
Particle Tracking ◽  
Particle Tracking Velocimetry ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Particle Impact ◽  
Solid Particle Erosion ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
Sand Flow ◽  
Sand Particles

Solid particle laden flows are very common in many industries including oil and gas and mining. Repetitive impacts of the solid particles entrained in fluid flow can cause erosion damage in industrial equipment. Among the numerous factors which are known to affect the solid particle erosion rate, the particle impact speed and angle are the most important. It is widely accepted that the erosion rate of material is dependent on the particle speed by a power law Vn, where typically n = 2–3. Therefore, accurate measurements of abrasive particle impact speed and angle are very important in solid particle erosion modeling. In this study, utilizing a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system, particle impact conditions were measured in a direct impinging jet geometry. The measurements were conducted with two different test rigs, for both air-sand and liquid-sand flows. In air-sand testing, two types of solid particles, glass beads and sharp sand particles, were used. The measurements in air-sand tests were carried out using particles with various sizes (75, 150, and 500 μm). Also, submerged testing measurements were performed with 300 μm sand particles. In the test conditions, the Stokes number was relatively high (St = 3000 for air/sand flow, St = 27 for water/sand flow), and abrasive particles were not closely following the fluid streamlines. Therefore, a Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) technique was employed to measure the particle impact speed and its angle with the target surface very near the impact. Furthermore, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed, and the CFD results were compared with the experimental data. It was found that the CFD results are in very good agreement with experimental data.

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