Mechanical Behaviors Analysis and Johnson-Cook Model Establishment of 4Cr13 Stainless Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 589-590 ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Na Zhang ◽  
Peng Nan Li ◽  
Si Wen Tang ◽  
Wen Bo Tang ◽  
Shuai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Factor ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Mechanical Behaviors ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Cook Model

The stress-strain curves, mechanical behaviors, and Johnson-Cook model of 4Cr13 stainless steel were investigated at both the strain rates from 0.001s-1 to 7000s-1 and the temperatures from 293K to 673K based on the electronic universal testing machine and the split Hopkinson bar. The results showed that 4Cr13 stainless steel was very sensitive to the temperature and the strain rate. The temperature sensitivity factor decreased with increasing the temperature, and the strain rate sensitivity factor increased with increasing the strain rate. Both the temperature sensitivity factor and strain rate sensitivity factor decreased with increasing strain. The flow stress increased with strain rate and strain, but decreased with temperature. The J-C model prediction had a good agreement with the experimental stress-strain in the wide range of temperatures and strain rates. The Johnson-Cook model gave the foundation for finite element analysis during the cutting process.

Method for determining the strain rate sensitivity factor for the Johnson-Cook model in Charpy tests

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 965-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Stopel ◽  
Dariusz Skibicki ◽  
Wojciech Moćko
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Factor ◽  
Cook Model

Strain Rate Sensitivity, Strain Hardening, and Yield Behavior of 304L Stainless Steel

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Stout ◽  
P. S. Follansbee
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Hardening ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Work Hardening ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Yield Locus ◽  
304L Stainless Steel ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Yield Behavior

Sheet and rod stock of 304L stainless steel were tested in uniaxial tension and compression at strain rates between 10−4 s−1 and 104 s−1. To evaluate the yield locus behavior of the sheet material, multiaxial experiments were performed at a strain rate of 10−3 s−1. We have analyzed these results in terms of existing strain-rate sensitivity, work hardening, and yield locus models. Strain-rate sensitivity was found to follow a thermal activation law over the entire range of strain rates used in this investigation. The best description of strain hardening did depend on the strain range to which the data were fit. The Voce law was the most accurate at large strains (ε > 0.40), whereas at small strains, in the vicinity of yield, the laws of either Swift or Ludwik were the most accurate. A simple power law description of work hardening was inadequate over all levels of strain. We examined a number of yield criteria, both isotropic and anisotropic, with respect to the biaxial yield behavior. Bassani’s yield criterion gave the best fit to our experimental results. However, the simple von Mises yield function also gave an acceptable prediction of yield strength and direction of current plastic strain rate. The yield criteria of Hill, both the quadratic and nonquadratic versions, did not match the experimental data. We feel that these results have direct application to the selection of the proper constitutive laws for the finite element modeling of the deformation of 304L stainless steel.

Investigation on Strain Rate Sensitivity of 3D Printed sPEEK-HAP/rGO Composites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar Mahalingappa Baligidad ◽  
Chethan Kumar Gangadhara ◽  
Maharudresh Aralikatte Chandrashekhar
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Factor ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
High Strain Rates ◽  
Compression Behaviour ◽  
Yield Behaviour

Abstract Nanofillers can be added to polymers to improve their mechanical behavior. However, the yield behaviour of most polymer composites is influenced by strain rate. The majority of the research focused on the behaviour of polymer composites at high strain rates. This work aims to investigate how hydroxyapatite (HAP) and reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) nanofillers affect the mechanical properties of sulphonated polyetheretherketone (sPEEK) at low (tensile and compression behaviour) and high strain rates (compression behaviour). The thermal, mechanical, and energy absorption responses of sPEEK filled with HAP and varying mass fraction (Mf) of rGO (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) at different strain are studied in detail. The strong strain rate effect was seen in HAp and rGO loaded sPEEK composites. The strain rate sensitivity factor of sPEEK-HAP/rGO improved as the strain rate increased, but decreased when the Mf of rGO increased. Under low strain rate compression, HAp and rGO loaded sPEEK absorbed more energy at Mf about 4%. SEM micrography was used to study the microstructures of the fractured interfaces of the components, revealing that the HAp and sPEEK materials formed a good compatibility in presence of rGO.

Local Investigations of the Mechanical Properties of Ultrafine Grained Metals by Nanoindentations

2006 ◽  
Vol 503-504 ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Mueller ◽  
Karsten Durst ◽  
Dorothea Amberger ◽  
Matthias Göken
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Fcc Metals ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Ultrafine Grained ◽  
Indentation Strain

The mechanical properties of ultrafine-grained metals processed by equal channel angular pressing is investigated by nanoindentations in comparison with measurements on nanocrystalline nickel with a grain size between 20 and 400 nm produced by pulsed electrodeposition. Besides hardness and Young’s modulus measurements, the nanoindentation method allows also controlled experiments on the strain rate sensitivity, which are discussed in detail in this paper. Nanoindentation measurements can be performed at indentation strain rates between 10-3 s-1 and 0.1 s-1. Nanocrystalline and ultrafine-grained fcc metals as Al and Ni show a significant strain rate sensitivity at room temperature in comparison with conventional grain sized materials. In ultrafine-grained bcc Fe the strain rate sensitivity does not change significantly after severe plastic deformation. Inelastic effects are found during repeated unloading-loading experiments in nanoindentations.

Strain Rate Sensitivity of Mixed SAC-SnBi Solder Joints

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 000480-000487
Author(s):  
Luke A. Wentlent ◽  
James Wilcox ◽  
Xuanyi Ding
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Solder Joints ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Fracture Mechanisms ◽  
Eutectic System ◽  
Strain Rates

Abstract As the electronics industry continues to evolve a concerted effort has developed to implement lower melting point solders. The ability to minimize the thermal exposure that an assembly is subjected to affords significant benefits with respect to both the reliability and the materials that can be used. One of the most popular low melt solder alloys currently being investigated by the industry is the Bi-Sn eutectic system, which has a melting point of 139°C. The BiSn system itself is not particularly novel as it was posited as a SAC alternative during the initial shift from Pb based solders. While a body of knowledge currently exists regarding this system, and the near eutectic variant BiSnAg, there are still concerns regarding its ductility, especially as a function of thermal exposure and strain rate. Bismuth is widely acknowledged as a brittle element and its presence in such quantities raises concerns of not just Cu6Sn5 embrittlement but also solder fragility in high strain rate types of environments. A challenge with regards to near term implementation is that most packages are not available with BiSn solder bumps. Therefore, it will be necessary to use components already balled with SAC 305 solder. This means that the resulting solder interconnect, reflowed below conventional SAC reflow temperatures, will form a type of mixed hybrid microstructure. This non-equilibrium microstructure will be composed of two regions, one Bi-rich region which is well past saturation and a second region which is Bi-deficient. It is of specific industrial interest then to not just investigate the BiSn solder system but also within the context of a realistic mixed interconnect. Recent work by several researchers has shown that this hybrid microstructure is unstable and quite active with respect to the movement and localized concentration of the Bismuth. The degree of mixing of these two regions has been shown to be highly dependent upon reflow temperature and the paste to ball volume ratio. Mixed SAC-BiSn solder joints were formed by placing SAC 305 spheres on BiSn paste deposits for a paste to ball volume ratio of .18. These samples were then reflowed at either 175°C or 200°C. SAC 305 control samples were also made using a conventional Pb-free reflow profile with a peak temperature of 247°C. A 22 mil Cu-OSP pad on a 1.0 mm thick FR4 substrate was used for all samples. A selection of the solder joints were then isothermally aged at 90°C for 200 hours. Using a joint level micromechanical tester, ball shear tests were conducted at a range of strain rates for samples in the as-reflowed and aged state. Using this information, the strain rate sensitivity of the interconnects was mapped and correlated with the observed failure modes. Investigations into the fracture mechanisms were conducted by examining the shear fracture surface with optical and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the evolution of the microstructure was characterized. Results showed a clear transition from ductile solder failure to a brittle separation failure at the higher strain rates.

scholarly journals Strain-Rate-Dependent Deformation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of a Multi-Phase Medium-Manganese Steel

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Sevsek ◽  
Christian Haase ◽  
Wolfgang Bleck
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Manganese Steel ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Medium Manganese Steel ◽  
Multi Phase

The strain-rate-dependent deformation behavior of an intercritically annealed X6MnAl12-3 medium-manganese steel was analyzed with respect to the mechanical properties, activation of deformation-induced martensitic phase transformation, and strain localization behavior. Intercritical annealing at 675 °C for 2 h led to an ultrafine-grained multi-phase microstructure with 45% of mostly equiaxed, recrystallized austenite and 55% ferrite or recovered, lamellar martensite. In-situ digital image correlation methods during tensile tests revealed strain localization behavior during the discontinuous elastic-plastic transition, which was due to the localization of strain in the softer austenite in the early stages of plastic deformation. The dependence of the macroscopic mechanical properties on the strain rate is due to the strain-rate sensitivity of the microscopic deformation behavior. On the one hand, the deformation-induced phase transformation of austenite to martensite showed a clear strain-rate dependency and was partially suppressed at very low and very high strain rates. On the other hand, the strain-rate-dependent relative strength of ferrite and martensite compared to austenite influenced the strain partitioning during plastic deformation, and subsequently, the work-hardening rate. As a result, the tested X6MnAl12-3 medium-manganese steel showed a negative strain-rate sensitivity at very low to medium strain rates and a positive strain-rate sensitivity at medium to high strain rates.

The Simulation and Role of Discontinuous Yield Behaviors of Material

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 4590-4594
Author(s):  
Shao Wei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Stress Rate ◽  
Instability Criterion ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Dynamic Behaviors ◽  
Jerky Flow ◽  
Thermal Origin

Discontinuous yield of material as Jerky flow was explained. Then, the strain rate sensitivity (SRS) and instability criterion was given out. Some tests were carried out at constant stress rate, so Jerky flow is manifested as a discontinuity in the stress-strain curves in form of strain bursts. Finally, the dynamic behaviors of specimens during instability of thermal origin were simulated with COLSYS software, whose results are good with test ones.

scholarly journals Strain rate sensitivity and mechanical anisotropy of selective laser melted 17-4 PH stainless steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. SMM0049-SMM0049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler LEBRUN ◽  
Kenichi TANIGAKI ◽  
Keitaro HORIKAWA ◽  
Hidetoshi KOBAYASHI
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Mechanical Anisotropy
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