Synthesis and Characterization of Hematite Nanoparticles as Active Photocatalyst for Water Splitting Application

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sze Mei Chin ◽  
Suriati Sufian ◽  
Jeefferie Abd Razak
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Hematite Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bet Specific Surface Area

This paper highlights on the hydrogen production through photocatalytic activity by using hematite nanoparticles synthesized from self-combustion method based on different stirring period. The morphologies and microstructures of the nanostructures were determined using Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Particle Size Analyser (PSA). Besides that, surface area analyser was used to determine the BET surface area of the hematite samples. The hematite nanocatalyst as-synthesized are proven to be rhombohedral crystalline hematite (α-Fe2O3) with particle diameters ranging from 60-140 nm. The BET specific surface area of hematite samples increased from 5.437 to 7.6425 m2/g with increasing stirring period from 1 to 4 weeks. This caused the amount of hydrogen gas produced from photocatalytic water splitting to increase as well.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoporous Monetite Which Can Be Applicable for Drug Carrier

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmael Salimi ◽  
Jafar Javadpour
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plate Shape ◽  
Desorption Isotherms ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Wormhole-like mesostructured monetite was successfully synthesized using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (C19H42BrN, CTAB), as a porosity agent. X-ray techniques and FTIR reveal that the crystalline grains consist of highly crystalline pure monetite phase. Monetite rods with diameter around 20–40 nm and length in the range of 50–200 nm were confirmed by FESEM and TEM. Based on N2adsorption-desorption isotherms investigation, surface area increased up to 31.5 m2/g due to the removal of surfactant after calcinations at 400°C. The results indicate that CTAB can not only affect monetite crystallization but also change particles morphology from plate shape to rod-like.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Co-Mo/γ-Alumina Catalyst from local Kaolin clay for Hydrodesulfurization of Iraqi Naphtha

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-106
Author(s):  
Nada Sadoon Ahmed zeki ◽  
Sattar Jalil Hussein ◽  
Khalifa K. Aoyed ◽  
Saad Kareem Ibrahim ◽  
Ibtissam K. Mehawee
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Sulfur Removal ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mo Catalyst ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

This work deals with the hydrodesulfurization of three types of naphtha feedstocks; mixednaphtha (WN), heavy naphtha (HN) & light naphtha (LN) with a sulfur content of 1642.1,1334.9 & 709 ppm respectively, obtained from Missan refinery using prepared Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3catalyst. The Iraqi white kaolin was used as a starting material for the preparation of γ-Al2O3support, transferring kaolin to meta-kaolin was studied through calcination at differenttemperatures and durations, kaolin structure was investigated using X-Ray diffractiontechniques.High purity 94.83%. Crystalline γ-Al2O3 with a surface area of 129.91 m2/gm, pore volume0.9002 cm3/g was synthesized by extraction of Iraqi kaolin with H2SO4 at different acid to clayweight ratios, acid concentrations & leaching time. Ethanol was used as precipitating agent; theresultant gel was dried and calcined at 70OC, 10 hrs & 900 OC, 2 hrs respectively.The effects of different parameters on the average crystallinity and extraction % ofsynthesized γ-Al2O3 were studied like; acid: clay ratio, sulfuric acid concentration, leachingtime, leaching temperature & kaolin conversion to metakaolin. Characterization of prepared γ-Al2O3 & Co-Mo catalyst were achieved by X-ray diffraction, FTIR-spectra, texture properties& BET surface area, BJH N2 adsorption porosity, AFM, SEM, crush strength & XRF tests. Co-Mo/ γ-Al2O3 catalyst with final loading 5.702 wt% and 21.45 wt% of Co and Mo oxidesrespectively was prepared by impregnation methods.The activity of prepared Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst after moulding to be tested forhydrodesulfurization (HDS) of naphtha feedstock W.N, H.N & L.N was performed using apilot hydrotreating unit at petroleum research & development centre, at different operatingconditions. Effects of temperature, LHSV, pressure, time & pore size distribution were studied,the best percentage of sulfur removal is increased with decreasing LHSV to 2 hr-1 as a generaltrend to be 89.71, 99.72, 99.20 % at 310oC for the whole naphtha, heavy naphtha and lightnaphtha feedstocks respectively, at 34 bar pressure and 200/200 cm3/cm3 H2/HC ratio.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Titania-Rice Husk Silica Composites as Photocatalyst

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Posman Manurung ◽  
Rudy Situmeang ◽  
Ediman Ginting ◽  
Indra Pardede
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Titanium Butoxide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

This article describes the synthesis of titania-silica composites by a sol-gel method using a mixture of silica of rice husk and titanium butoxide sols. Microstructures were examined at calcination temperature in the range of 500 to 700 °C, with temperatures interval of 50 °C. The sintered catalysts were subsequently tested for photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under ultraviolet and sunlight rays. Physical characteristics were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The XRD results did not show the presence of silica crystal phase in each sample. The results showed that the highest BET surface area of samples was obtained at the temperature of 650 °C. In sample calcined 500 °C, the activity of the catalyst on MB was relatively similar in both sunlight and ultraviolet rays.

Preparation and Characterization of Ti0.6Cr0.4OxNy Nano-Sized Powder

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 1130-1132
Author(s):  
Hong Zhi Wang ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Yun Xin Gu ◽  
Yao Gang Li ◽  
Mei Fang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Auger Electron ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nano Powder ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cubic Structure

Ti0.6Cr0.4OxNy bimetallic metal oxynitride nano powder was synthesized by ammonolysis of the nanosized Cr2O3/TiO2 composite powder with n(Ti):n(Cr)=6:4 at 800oC for 8 h. The precursor and the resulting oxynitride were characterized by Auger electron spectroscope (AES), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and BET surface area techniques. The result indicated that the precursor was homogenous mixture of Cr2O3 and TiO2 with high BET surface area. The as-synthesized oxynitride powder contains only Ti0.6Cr0.4OxNy with cubic structure. The BET surface area of the oxynitride powder is 37.42 m2/g and the particle size is in the range of 20~30 nm.

Preparation and Characterization of Titanate Nanotubes by Hydrothermal Method

2010 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Zhong Sheng Chen ◽  
Wei Ping Gong ◽  
Teng Fei Chen ◽  
Guo Lin Huang ◽  
Wen Yuan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Anatase Tio2 ◽  
Titanate Nanotubes ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Bet Specific Surface Area ◽  
Ft Ir

Titanate nanotubes (TNTs) were prepared by treatment of anatase-TiO2 nanoparticles in mild hydrothermal conditions. TNTs were characterized by XRD, TEM, FT-IR and BET specific surface area technique. It was found that nanotubes might be NaxH2-xTi3O7 and were formed during the hydrothermal process, rather than during the treatment process with acid solution. The formation mechanism of TNTs can be explained as 3D→2D→1D. After hydrothermally reacting at 130°C for 48h, the as-prepared products exhibit hollow nanotubes with open ends, more than 100 nm in length, 10 nm in outer diameters, large BET surface area and pore volume, which may lead to potential photocatalysis and absorption application.

Synthesis and Characterization of Dense Mesoporous Alumina

2014 ◽  
Vol 616 ◽  
pp. 252-257
Author(s):  
Atsushi Nakahira ◽  
Hironobu Nishimoto ◽  
Yukitaka Hamada ◽  
Yuki Yamasaki
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Mesoporous Alumina ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Narrow Pore Size Distribution

Dense mesoporous alumina bulks were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal hot-pressing (HHP) method for mesoporous alumina powders prepared as starting material with a high BET surface area and narrow pore size distribution. As a result, mesoporous alumina HHP bulks had high density with uniformity pore size distribution and a high specific surface area. Their microstructural features for dense mesoporous alumina bulks were observed by SEM. The characterization of mesopores was examined.

Synthesis and Characterization of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles

2015 ◽  
Vol 1112 ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Sri Yusmartini ◽  
Dedi Setiabudidaya ◽  
Ridwan ◽  
Marsi ◽  
Faizal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Process Characterization ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles, particles of size 10-9have a high potential as water, waste water and air pollution treatment. In this research, nanoscale iron particles were synthesized by reduction of Fe2SO47 H2O by NaBH4at low temperature to avoid oxidation during the process. Characterization of the particles based on particle size, material structure, surface morphology and the composition of forming element was done by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectometry (EDS), respectively. Surface area and magnetic character was measured by BET surface area and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), respectively. Morfological observation showed that structured core-shell of size < 44 nm and shell of size ~ 3 nm with saturated magnetization value ~ 132 emu g‾¹ has been formed.

Síntesis y caracterización de la Perovskita La0,95Sr0,05CrO3. (Synthesis and Characterization of the La0.95Sr0.05CrO3 Perovskite)

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. C. Vergara Estupiñán ◽  
J. A. Gómez Cuaspud
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
20 Nm

ResumenEste trabajo investigó la síntesis y la caracterización de un material tipo perovskita basado en el sistema La0,95Sr0,05CrO3, mediante el método de polimerización-combustión, utilizando ácido cítrico para la conformación de especies intermedias de coordinación tipo citrato, que evolucionan en función de la temperatura hasta la consolidación de la fase cristalina buscada. La caracterización del precursor metalorgánico se realizó mediante análisis térmicos (TGA-DTA), con el fin de establecer una temperatura ideal de consolidación de la fase cristalina buscada. Los análisis de difracción de rayos X (XRD), microscopía electrónica de transmisión (TEM), fluorescencia de rayos X por microsonda (EDX) y análisis de área superficial (BET) se realizaron sobre el material cerámico calcinado, y revelaron la obtención de una estructura cristalina ortorrómbica nanoestructurada con grupo espacial Pnma (62), con un tamaño promedio de cristalito de 20 nm. Los análisis derivados de la microscopía electrónica de transmisión revelaron que el material está conformado por agregados del orden nanométrico con una serie de propiedades texturales y morfológicas específicas para eventual aplicación a nivel catalítico, lo que guarda una estrecha relación con los datos derivados de la medida del área superficial, obtenidos por la técnica BET. Finalmente, la valoración de la composición mediante fluorescencia de rayos X permitió determinar que el control en la composición es uno de los parámetros claves en este proceso de síntesis, lo cual permite validar el método utilizado y posibilita el empleo de los materiales obtenidos en potenciales aplicaciones tecnológicas. AbstractThis work investigated the synthesis and characterization of a perovskite material based on theLa0.95Sr0.05CrO3 system, by a wet chemical route that involves the combustion-polymerization method, using citric acid as complexing agent, in order to obtain intermediate coordination species, which evolve depending on the temperature until the desired consolidation crystalline phase is obtained. The metal-organic precursor characterization was performed by thermal analyses (TGA-DTA), in order to evaluate an ideal consolidation temperature of the searched crystalline phase. The analysis by the X-ray diraction (XRD), the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the X-ray fluorescence microprobe (EDX) and the surface area (BET), were performed over the calcined ceramic material and revealed the obtention of a nanostructured orthorhombic crystal structure with a Pnma (62) space group, and a 20 nm crystallite average size. The analysis derived from the transmission electron microscopy, revealed that the material is composed of aggregates of nanometric range with a series of textural and specific morphological properties for an eventual application at the catalytic level, which is correlated with the data derived from the measurement of the surface area obtained by the BET technique. Finally, the composition by X-ray fluorescence assessment revealed that stoichiometric control in composition is one of the key parameters in this synthesis process, which allows to validate the used method and enables to employ the obtained materials in potential technological applications.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of rice husk silica, silica-carbon composite and H3PO4 activated silica

Cerâmica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (330) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Singh ◽  
R. Kumar ◽  
A. Kumar ◽  
K. N. Rai
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Burning Temperature ◽  
Rice Husk Silica ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Composite Granules

This paper discusses synthesis and characterization of (i) rice husk based nanosilica, (ii) nanosilica carbon composite granules and (iii) phosphoric acid activated ash silica. These have been produced by burning husk in air, charring husk in hydrogen and activating husk silica with H3PO4 respectively. X-ray diffraction studies of these products reveal increasing peak width (amorphosity) with decreasing burning temperature. The activated rice husk silica transforms to crystalline product when burnt above 1000 ºC. The variation of surface area and pore volume with burning temperature show different behavior for air fired and hydrogen charred products. Activation energy associated with change in surface area for air fired and hydrogen charred samples have also been studied. Rate of variation in surface area with temperature indicate different trend. The validations of these products have been evaluated by decolorizing capacity of standard molasses and iodine solution. The adsorptive powers of these products have been found to be highest for activated silica and lowest for hydrogenated ash.

Synthesis and characterization of TiN / Ti / AISI 410 coatings

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
S Chirino ◽  
Jaime Diaz ◽  
N Monteblanco ◽  
E Valderrama
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Photoemission Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Columnar Grains ◽  
Tin Thin Films ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Interacting Surfaces ◽  
Stainless Steel Aisi

The synthesis and characterization of Ti and TiN thin films of different thicknesses was carried out on a martensitic stainless steel AISI 410 substrate used for tool manufacturing. The mechanical parameters between the interacting surfaces such as thickness, adhesion and hardness were measured. By means of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) the superficial morphology of the Ti/TiN interface was observed, finding that the growth was of columnar grains and by means of EDAX the existence of titanium was verified.  Using X-ray diffraction (XRD) it was possible to observe the presence of residual stresses (~ -3.1 GPa) due to the different crystalline phases in the coating. Under X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) it was possible to observe the molecular chemical composition of the coating surface, being Ti-N, Ti-N-O and Ti-O the predominant ones.

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