Study on the Durability of Cementless Concrete Produced with Industrial By-Products

2015 ◽  
Vol 665 ◽  
pp. 189-192
Author(s):  
Jong Won Lee ◽  
Yong Il Jang ◽  
Byung Jae Lee ◽  
Wan Shin Park
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Binding Material ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
By Products

This study evaluated the durability of concrete produced with a cementless binding material and potassium hydroxide (KOH) based on ground granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash. These industrial byproducts are used to replace cement in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The test conducted for the freezing and thawing resistance of concrete using cementless binding material revealed that the relative dynamic modulus was 83.4%. From the results of a chemical resistance test, the mass reduction rate stood at 12.3% for the 5% HCl solution and 12.7% for the 5% H2SO4 solution, showing better chemical resistance than concrete using cement. The depth of neutralization was observed to be 4.48mm, a similar level to that of cement-containing concrete.

Experimental Study on Compound Binding Material of Alkali Activated Metakaolin and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 1275-1279
Author(s):  
Yong Jia He ◽  
Lin Nu Lu ◽  
Shu Guang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Hydration Product ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Binding Material ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Alkali Activated

Compound binding material was prepared by the alkali activation of metakaolin and ground granulated blast furnace slag. Hydration product components, microstructure and mechanical properties of the hardened paste were investigated by IR, XRD, SEM, MIP, and compressive strength measurement. Results indicated that hydration products included C-S-H and geopolymer, and both of them were amorphous although there were differences in their structure and morphology. When the dosage of slag was less than 50%, the compressive strength of hardened paste increased as the dosage increased, which was mainly because C-S-H produced by the reaction of GGBFS and alkali filled void in geopolymer phase, and part of unreacted slag particles acting as microaggregate to prevent from extension of microcrack in the hardened paste, so the porosity of hardened paste decreased and compressive strength increased.

Improvement of Durability of Precast Concrete Member by Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Sand

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiki Ayano ◽  
◽  
Takashi Fujii ◽  
Kyoji Niitani ◽  
Katsunori Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Steam Curing ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

Concrete deck slabs of bridges are often deteriorated by heavy traffic and freezing and thawing actions. Spraying salt during the winter further promotes the deterioration of concrete. Some reports estimate that the length of highway roads requiring the renewal of deteriorated concrete slabs exceeds 230 km. In order to extend the lifespan of damaged bridge girders, the load for these girders must not be increased. This means that prestressed concrete (hereafter, PC) members are desirable to sustain bridge life, because they can be thinner than reinforced concrete (hereafter, RC) members. In addition, to shorten the period of traffic regulation during renewal construction, precast members should be applied. One problem in manufacturing durable precast concrete is steam curing. When the temperature, period, or both of the steam curing process are inadequate, the effect of air-entraining (hereafter, AE) agents is lost because the warmed air trapped by the AE agent expands and escapes from the concrete. Another problem is concrete fatigue. It is well known that the fatigue lives of concrete slabs in wet conditions are much shorter than those in dry conditions. Concrete slabs are waterproofed immediately after construction, but the waterproofing can be fractured soon after opening bridges, and water can reach the concrete surface. The lifespan of concrete slabs in contact with water often depends on the fatigue of the concrete. Granulated blast furnace slag sand (hereafter, BFS) can enhance the resistance to freezing and thawing actions without using AE agents. Therefore, the resistance to freezing and thawing of concrete mixed with BFS is not damaged by steam curing. The fatigue of concrete in water is also improved by the addition of BFS. Furthermore, BFS can reduce the drying shrinkage of concrete. It is advantageous to restrict the loss of prestress in PC. This study shows that precast PC members with high durability can be manufactured when granulated blast furnace slag is used as a fine aggregate in the concrete. BFS reacts with cement hydrates. It is well known that the carbonation of concrete with ground granulated blast furnace slag (hereafter, GGBF) is much greater than that with ordinary binder. However, BFS does not accelerate the carbonation of concrete. When using granulated blast furnace slag as a fine aggregate, no disadvantage in the concrete properties is detected.

A Review on the Effects of Various Supplementary Cementitious Materials on Physical Properties of Hardened Concrete

2014 ◽  
Vol 905 ◽  
pp. 287-291
Author(s):  
Salim Barbhuiya ◽  
Hamid Nikraz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
By Products

The global development and current trends in social attitude are resulting in an increase in the amount of waste generated by society, the treatment and disposal of which are becoming a serious problem. Therefore, waste management is one of the most important aspects in ensuring sustainable development in todays world. Some of the industrial by-products, such as pulverised-fuel ash (PFA), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) and microsilica (MS) can be used in concrete to improve its properties. In this paper the influence of various by-products on the physical properties of concrete is reviewed.

Rheological and Physical Properties of Magesium Oxide and Silica Fume-Modified Cement Mortars Cured at High Temperature

1982 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenbe-e Nakagawa ◽  
Elizabeth L. White ◽  
Della M. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Intrinsic Permeability ◽  
Expansive Agent ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Sealing Materials ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
By Products ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACTPhysical properties and placement characteristics of cementitious mortars have been studied for their potential as repository sealing materials. They contained various expansive agents and industrial by-products, and were investigated at curing temperatures up to 250° C, the upper limit of an emplacement site or generally of relevance in accelerated reaction studies. An expansive agent, magnesium oxide, and two industrial by-products, silica fume and granulated blast furnace slag have been used at different percentages in the mixtures. Excellent general performance, including very high strengths up to 240 MPa combined with very low intrinsic permeability <10−8 Darcy (μm2) were generated at 175°C on material having a viscosity of 5000 cP (mPa·s) at 38° C. One 1700 cP(mPa·s) material treated at 250°C had compressive strength >180 MPa and also <10−8 Darcy (μm2) permeability. MgO was found to accelerate formation of tobermorite and generally cause expansion; at 250° C expansion was also related to xonotlite formation.

scholarly journals Utilization of Industrial By-Products/Waste to Manufacture Geopolymer Cement/Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Numanuddin M. Azad ◽  
S.M. Samindi M.K. Samarakoon
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Geopolymer Cement ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
By Products

There has been a significant movement in the past decades to develop alternative sustainable building material such as geopolymer cement/concrete to control CO2 emission. Industrial waste contains pozzolanic minerals that fulfil requirements to develop the sustainable material such as alumino-silicate based geopolymer. For example, industrial waste such as red mud, fly ash, GBFS/GGBS (granulated blast furnace slag/ground granulated blast furnace slag), rice husk ash (RHA), and bagasse ash consist of minerals that contribute to the manufacturing of geopolymer cement/concrete. A literature review was carried out to study the different industrial waste/by-products and their chemical composition, which is vital for producing geopolymer cement, and to discuss the mechanical properties of geopolymer cement/concrete manufactured using different industrial waste/by-products. The durability, financial benefits and sustainability aspects of geopolymer cement/concrete have been highlighted. As per the experimental results from the literature, the cited industrial waste has been successfully utilized for the synthesis of dry or wet geopolymers. The review revealed that that the use of fly ash, GBFS/GGBS and RHA in geopolymer concrete resulted high compressive strength (i.e., 50 MPa–70 MPa). For high strength (>70 MPa) achievement, most of the slag and ash-based geopolymer cement/concrete in synergy with nano processed waste have shown good mechanical properties and environmental resistant. The alkali-activated geopolymer slag, red mud and fly ash based geopolymer binders give a better durability performance compared with other industrial waste. Based on the sustainability indicators, most of the geopolymers developed using the industrial waste have a positive impact on the environment, society and economy.

scholarly journals Frost resistance of concretes containing ground granulated blast-furnace slag

2018 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 05001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Łukowski ◽  
Ali Salih ◽  
Joanna J. Sokołowska
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Water To Binder Ratio ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Research Show

The paper deals with the influence of addition of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) on the frost resistance of concrete. GGBS is a valuable modifier of concrete, having the latent hydraulic properties and particularly improving the chemical resistance of concrete. However, the performance of concretes with blast-furnace slag under freezing and thawing action is still not explained fully and remains a subject to discussion. The authors have investigated the concretes containing various amounts of GGBS and the portland cement CEM I, with various values of water to binder ratio, with and without the use of air-entraining admixture. The results of research show that the addition of blast-furnace slag causes some worsening of the frost resistance of concrete. The extent of this worsening depends on the water to binder ratio and the aeration of the concrete. However, even under the least favourable conditions, the concretes with GGBS addition have met the requirements of frost resistance after 200 cycles of freezing and thawing, given in the Standard PN-B-06265.

scholarly journals The Binder Index – A Parameter That Influences the Strength of Geopolymer Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Seshu D. Rama ◽  
R. Shankaraiah ◽  
Srinivas B. Sesha
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Nonlinear Relation ◽  
Alkaline Activator ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
By Products

Abstract Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is an environmentally friendly material in the sense that it uses industrial by-products such as ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and fly ash (FA), which are activated by an alkaline solution. This paper presents an experimental investigation concerning the strength of the GPC and its relation to a new parameter called the ‘Binder Index (BI)’. The parameters considered in the investigation include GGBS to fly ash ratios (0.25 0.43, 0.67, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.3) and the molarity of the alkaline activator (6, 8, 10, and 12). The binder index combines the effect of the GGBS to the fly ash ratio and the molarity of the alkaline activator. The results have shown that the strength of the GPC is significantly influenced by varying the binder index. The results indicate that a nonlinear relation exists between the binder index and the compressive strength of the GPC and the binder index and the modulus of rupture.

Effect of slag, silica fume, and finishing on the sorptivities of field concrete

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1022-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J Tumidajski
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Capillary Suction ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Cement Binder ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Exposure Conditions

For Canadian Standards Association C-2 exposure conditions (i.e., nonstructurally reinforced concrete exposed to chlorides and freezing and thawing) after 1 year, the effect of cement binder and finishing techniques on the capillary suction sorptivities of commercially batched and field-placed, cured, and finished concrete is reported. It was found that the addition of 40% ground granulated blast furnace slag or 8% silica fume is very effective in reducing sorptivities of field concrete. Furthermore, finishing techniques that do not overwork the surface assist in reducing sorptivities of field concrete.Key words: capillary suction, saturation, sorptivity, silica fume, slag, finish.

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