scholarly journals Frost resistance of concretes containing ground granulated blast-furnace slag

2018 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 05001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Łukowski ◽  
Ali Salih ◽  
Joanna J. Sokołowska
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Water To Binder Ratio ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Research Show

The paper deals with the influence of addition of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) on the frost resistance of concrete. GGBS is a valuable modifier of concrete, having the latent hydraulic properties and particularly improving the chemical resistance of concrete. However, the performance of concretes with blast-furnace slag under freezing and thawing action is still not explained fully and remains a subject to discussion. The authors have investigated the concretes containing various amounts of GGBS and the portland cement CEM I, with various values of water to binder ratio, with and without the use of air-entraining admixture. The results of research show that the addition of blast-furnace slag causes some worsening of the frost resistance of concrete. The extent of this worsening depends on the water to binder ratio and the aeration of the concrete. However, even under the least favourable conditions, the concretes with GGBS addition have met the requirements of frost resistance after 200 cycles of freezing and thawing, given in the Standard PN-B-06265.

Durability of Normal and Lightweight Aggregate Mortars with Different Supplementary Cementitious Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 271-281
Author(s):  
Efstratios Badogiannis ◽  
Eirhnh Makrinou ◽  
Marianna Fount
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Pumice Sand ◽  
Water To Binder Ratio ◽  
Furnace Slag

A study on the durability parameters of normal and lightweight aggregate mortars, incorporated different supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) is presented. Mortars were prepared using limestone or pumice as aggregates and Metakaolin, Fly ash, Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Silica Fume, as SCM, that they replaced cement, at 10 % by mass. Ten different mortars, having same water to binder ratio and aggregate to cement volumetric ratio, they were compared mainly in terms of durability. The use of pumice sand was proved to be effective not only to the density of the mortars as it was expected, but also in durability, fulfilling at the same time minimum strength requirements. The addition of the different SCM further enhanced the durability of the mortars, where Metakaolin was found to be the most effective one, especially against chloride’s ingress.

scholarly journals Early Strength Development of Soft Clay Stabilized by One-Part Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiyao Zheng ◽  
Jun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Early Strength ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Water Binder Ratio

One-part or “just add water” geopolymer is a cementitious material, which is friendly to environment and users in applications. However, the mechanical behavior of the soft soil stabilized by one-part geopolymer is not well acknowledged. In this study, soft clay was stabilized with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash (FA)-based geopolymer, which is a mixture of solid aluminosilicate precursor (Al-Si raw materials: GGBFS and FA), solid alkali activator, and water. The objective was to adopt one-part geopolymer as an alternative soil binder to completely replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) for stabilizing the soft clay and evaluate the effect of the factors (i.e., GBFS/FA ratio in Al-Si precursor, activator/Al-Si precursor ratio, and water/binder ratio) that influenced the early strength. Results showed that the increase of the FA content in the Al-Si precursor increased the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values significantly through the geopolymerization process. The highest UCS values were achieved with 90% GGBFS to 10% FA in the precursor when the activator/precursor and water/binder ratio is 0.15 and 0.7, respectively. The UCS values of geopolymer-stabilized clay could reach 1.5 MPa at 14 days at ambient temperature, which is much higher than that of OPC-stabilized clay. The microstructure and mineralogy analyses indicated that the prolific hydration products, such as calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), calcium aluminum hydrate (C-A-H), and calcium aluminum silicate hydrate (C-A-S-H), contributed greatly to strengthen the soft clay by forming the soil skeleton and infilling among clay particles, while sodium aluminosilicate (N-A-S-H) gel is only served to fill the part of porosities in the soil and cannot effectively enhance the UCS of the one-part geopolymer-stabilized soft clay. This paper results suggested that one-part GGBFS-FA–based geopolymers have the potential to replace OPC in the manufacture of stabilized soft clay.

Improvement of Durability of Precast Concrete Member by Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Sand

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiki Ayano ◽  
◽  
Takashi Fujii ◽  
Kyoji Niitani ◽  
Katsunori Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Steam Curing ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

Concrete deck slabs of bridges are often deteriorated by heavy traffic and freezing and thawing actions. Spraying salt during the winter further promotes the deterioration of concrete. Some reports estimate that the length of highway roads requiring the renewal of deteriorated concrete slabs exceeds 230 km. In order to extend the lifespan of damaged bridge girders, the load for these girders must not be increased. This means that prestressed concrete (hereafter, PC) members are desirable to sustain bridge life, because they can be thinner than reinforced concrete (hereafter, RC) members. In addition, to shorten the period of traffic regulation during renewal construction, precast members should be applied. One problem in manufacturing durable precast concrete is steam curing. When the temperature, period, or both of the steam curing process are inadequate, the effect of air-entraining (hereafter, AE) agents is lost because the warmed air trapped by the AE agent expands and escapes from the concrete. Another problem is concrete fatigue. It is well known that the fatigue lives of concrete slabs in wet conditions are much shorter than those in dry conditions. Concrete slabs are waterproofed immediately after construction, but the waterproofing can be fractured soon after opening bridges, and water can reach the concrete surface. The lifespan of concrete slabs in contact with water often depends on the fatigue of the concrete. Granulated blast furnace slag sand (hereafter, BFS) can enhance the resistance to freezing and thawing actions without using AE agents. Therefore, the resistance to freezing and thawing of concrete mixed with BFS is not damaged by steam curing. The fatigue of concrete in water is also improved by the addition of BFS. Furthermore, BFS can reduce the drying shrinkage of concrete. It is advantageous to restrict the loss of prestress in PC. This study shows that precast PC members with high durability can be manufactured when granulated blast furnace slag is used as a fine aggregate in the concrete. BFS reacts with cement hydrates. It is well known that the carbonation of concrete with ground granulated blast furnace slag (hereafter, GGBF) is much greater than that with ordinary binder. However, BFS does not accelerate the carbonation of concrete. When using granulated blast furnace slag as a fine aggregate, no disadvantage in the concrete properties is detected.

scholarly journals Frost Resistance Number to Assess Freeze and Thaw Resistance of Non-Autoclaved Aerated Concretes Containing Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag and Micro-Silica

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4151
Author(s):  
Eldar Sharafutdinov ◽  
Chang-Seon Shon ◽  
Dichuan Zhang ◽  
Chul-Woo Chung ◽  
Jong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Freeze And Thaw ◽  
Aerated Concrete ◽  
Micro Silica ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Scaling Resistance

Aerated concrete (AC), such as cellular concrete, autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC), and non-autoclaved aerated concrete (NAAC), having excellent insulation properties, is commonly used in buildings located in cold regions, such as Nur-Sultan in Kazakhstan, the second coldest capital city in the world, because it can contribute to a large energy saving. However, when the AC is directly exposed to the repeated freeze and thaw (F-T) cycles, its F-T resistance can be critical because of lower density and scaling resistance of the AC. Moreover, the evaluation of the F-T resistance of the AC based on the durability factor (DF) calculated by using the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity may overestimate the frost resistance of the AC due to the millions of evenly distributed air voids in spite of its weak scaling resistance. In the present study, the F-T resistance of NAAC mixtures with various binary or ternary combinations of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) and micro-silica was assessed mainly using the ASTM C 1262/C1262M-16 Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Durability of Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units and Related Concrete Units. Critical parameters to affect the F-T resistance performance of the NAAC mixture such as compressive strength, density, water absorption, air–void ratio (VR), moisture uptake, durability factor (DF), weight loss (Wloss), the degree of saturation (Sd), and residual strength (Sres) were determined. Based on the determined parameter values, frost resistance number (FRN) has been developed to evaluate the F-T resistance of the NAAC mixture. Test results showed that all NAAC mixtures had good F-T resistance when they were evaluated with DF. Binary NAAC mixtures generally showed higher Sd and Wloss and lower DF and Sres than those of ternary NAAC mixtures. It was determined that the Sd was a key factor for the F-T resistance of NAAC mixtures. Finally, the developed FRN could be an appropriate tool to evaluate the F-T resistance of the NAAC mixture.

Effect of slag, silica fume, and finishing on the sorptivities of field concrete

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1022-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J Tumidajski
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Capillary Suction ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Cement Binder ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Exposure Conditions

For Canadian Standards Association C-2 exposure conditions (i.e., nonstructurally reinforced concrete exposed to chlorides and freezing and thawing) after 1 year, the effect of cement binder and finishing techniques on the capillary suction sorptivities of commercially batched and field-placed, cured, and finished concrete is reported. It was found that the addition of 40% ground granulated blast furnace slag or 8% silica fume is very effective in reducing sorptivities of field concrete. Furthermore, finishing techniques that do not overwork the surface assist in reducing sorptivities of field concrete.Key words: capillary suction, saturation, sorptivity, silica fume, slag, finish.

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