Effect of Mixing Technique on Epoxy Resin Nanocomposites Filled Fly Ash Based Geopolymer to Compressive Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 673 ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusrina Mat Daud ◽  
Kamarudin Hussin ◽  
Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali ◽  
Azlin Fazlin Osman ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Type A ◽  
Mixing Efficiency ◽  
Type B ◽  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Epoxy Nanocomposite ◽  
The One ◽  
Dispersion Quality ◽  
Scanning Electron

The effects of mixing approach on compressive, flexural, water absorption properties and morphology of the epoxy nanocomposites incorporating 0 and 3 wt% fly ash-based geopolymer were investigated. The mechanical stirrer with two different type of propeller; four blade (type A) and dissolver (type B) was used to blend the epoxy with the nanoclay and the fly ash-based geopolymer filler. It was found that the epoxy nanocomposite prepared using dissolver propeller (type B) performed higher compressive strength and higher flexural strength as compared to the one prepared using four blade propeller (type A). We postulate that this was due to an improved mixing efficiency and dispersion quality as observed through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM).

Secondary High Tones in Koshikijima Japanese

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-50
Author(s):  
Haruo Kubozono
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
The South ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
South Of Japan ◽  
Remote Islands ◽  
The One ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract This paper examines the nature and behavior of secondary H(igh) tones in Koshikijima Japanese, a highly endangered dialect spoken on three small, remote islands in the south of Japan. This dialect generally has a mora-counting prosodic system with two distinctive accent types/classes (Type A and Type B), and displays two H tones, primary and secondary, in words of three or more moras: The primary H tone appears on the penultimate and final moras in Type A and Type B, respectively, whereas the secondary H tone occurs at the beginning of the word redundantly. Koshikijima Japanese displays regional variations with respect to the secondary H tone, particularly regarding its domain/position, its (in)dependence on the primary H tone, its interaction with the syllable, and its behavior in postlexical phonology. This paper examines how the secondary H tone behaves differently in three distinct accent systems of the dialect: (i) the system described by Takaji Kamimura eighty years ago, (ii) the one that is found quite extensively on the islands today, including Kamimura’s native village (Nakakoshiki) and Teuchi Village, and (iii) the system observed in Kuwanoura Village today. Comparing the three accent systems, this paper also proposes historical scenarios to account for the different behaviors of the secondary H tone across time and space.

Size Effect on Compressive Strength and Modulus of Elasticity in High Performance Concrete

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 2742-2745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Eun Kim ◽  
Wan Shin Park ◽  
Nam Yong Eom ◽  
Do Gyeum Kim ◽  
Jea Myoung Noh
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Size Effect ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
Replacement Ratio ◽  
Curing Age

This study undertook the research of size effect on compressive strength and modulus of elasticity, respectively. The parameters of this study are curing age and fly ash replacement ratio to investigate size effect of Type A (100mm x 200mm) and Type B (150mm x 300mm) specimens in high performance concrete. On this study, high performance concrete was fabricated with different FA contents of 10%, 20% and 30%. The measurements were performed on days 28 and 91.

scholarly journals Crossings and Nestings in Set Partitions of Classical Types

10.37236/392 ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Rubey ◽  
Christian Stump
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type B ◽  
Set Partition ◽  
Set Partitions ◽  
Type D ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

In this article, we investigate bijections on various classes of set partitions of classical types that preserve openers and closers. On the one hand we present bijections for types $B$ and $C$ that interchange crossings and nestings, which generalize a construction by Kasraoui and Zeng for type $A$. On the other hand we generalize a bijection to type $B$ and $C$ that interchanges the cardinality of a maximal crossing with the cardinality of a maximal nesting, as given by Chen, Deng, Du, Stanley and Yan for type $A$. For type $D$, we were only able to construct a bijection between non-crossing and non-nesting set partitions. For all classical types we show that the set of openers and the set of closers determine a non-crossing or non-nesting set partition essentially uniquely.

A Hypothesis on the Origin of Old Chinese Pharyngealization (上古漢語咽化聲母來源的一個假設)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-189
Author(s):  
Laurent Sagart (沙加爾) ◽  
William H. Baxter (白一平)
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type B ◽  
Old Chinese ◽  
Short Vowels ◽  
Surface Constraint ◽  
Glottal Stop ◽  
The One

It is proposed that oc pharyngealized onset consonants—that is, ‘type-A’ onset consonants—arose out of Proto-Sino-Tibetan plain consonants followed by geminate vowels separated by a pharyngeal fricative. When the first copy of the geminate vowel fell, the initial consonants formed clusters with the pharyngeal fricative, evolving into the oc pharyngealized consonants we reconstruct. In the Kuki-Chin branch of Tibeto-Burman, the pharyngeal fricative fell, and long vowels resulted. This proposal supposes a statistical correlation between Kuki-Chin long vowels and oc type-A words on the one hand, and between Kuki-Chin short vowels and oc type-B words on the other, as originally proposed by S. Starostin. A significant statistic bearing on forty-three probable Chinese-Kuki-Chin cognates supports this correlation. Thus reconstructed, a precursor language of Proto-Sino-Tibetan was aligned with Proto-Austronesian and Proto-Austroasiatic in exhibiting a surface constraint against monomoraic free words: by that constraint, the vowel of an underlying monosyllable was realized as a geminate with an intervening parasitic consonant such as a glottal stop or a pharyngeal fricative, while the vowels of a disyllable remained nongeminate. After reduction of disyllables to monosyllables, this process resulted in a pharyngealized vs. nonpharyngealized consonant distinction in oc. 論文提出對上古漢語咽化聲母（即“A類聲母”）來源的一個假設，認為咽化聲母來源於原始漢藏語的無標記輔音，並且此無標記輔音後跟隨著由咽部擦音[ʕ]分割的雙胞元音（geminate vowels）。在雙胞元音的前半部分脫落後，輔音聲母跟咽部擦音形成了複輔音。新形成的複輔音最終演變為上古漢語的咽化聲母。而在藏緬語庫基-欽（Kuki-Chin）語支中，則是咽化擦音脫落，使雙胞元音變為長元音。本文解釋了漢語與庫基-欽語中一個統計學的顯著相關性：一方面，庫基-欽語含長元音的詞與上古漢語含A類聲母的詞呈顯著相關；另一方面，庫基-欽語含短元音的詞與上古漢語含B類聲母的詞呈顯著相關，正如斯塔羅金（S. Starostin）所說。據此構擬，我們提出原始漢藏語、原始南島語與原始南亞語中的一個共同限制（constraint）：禁止在語流中出現單音拍（monomoraic）詞。在這一限制的作用下，單音節詞的單元音發生了雙胞化（germination），雙胞元音中間插入了喉塞音或咽部擦音之類的次聲輔音。而同時，雙音節詞的元音無變化。漢語經過雙音節詞的單音節化，就形成了無標記輔音與咽化輔音的音位對立。(This article is in English.)

Aggregation of squaraine dyes: Structure–property relationships and solvent effects

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1605-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. McKerrow ◽  
Erwin Buncel ◽  
Peter M. Kazmaier
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Effects ◽  
Absorption Maximum ◽  
Type A ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
Type B ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Lb Films ◽  
Squaraine Dyes ◽  
Structure Property Relationships

In characterizing the UV–visible absorption properties of a series of seven anilino class squaraine dyes in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) – water mixtures, spectral features characteristic of aggregation were observed. These included hypsochromic and hypochromic shifts of the absorption maximum, relative to the nonassociated state of these dyes. Previously aggregation of this class of squaraine dyes had only been reported in studies of Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films prepared with squaraine dyes. In the present study two distinctly different and novel solution dye aggregates, designated as type A and type B, were identified on the basis of their characteristic absorption properties. The type A aggregate was characterized by an absorption maximum that was hypsochromically and hypochromically shifted, in comparison with that of the nonassociated dyes, and had a secondary absorption occurring at approximately the same wavelength at which nonassociated squaraine dyes absorb. These spectral features are believed to be the result of a "face-to-face" alignment of molecules in the aggregate. The type B aggregate featured a broad absorption typically from 525 to 700 nm. Based on similarities between the spectral features of type B aggregates and LB films of surfactant squaraines, the alignment of molecules in the solution aggregate was believed to be such that the electron-deficient squarylium moieties interacted with the electron-rich dialkylamino phenyl moieties. Certain squaraine dyes that were investigated as part of this study were found to form both type A and type B aggregates, depending upon the composition of the DMSO–water medium. Typically, the type A aggregate formed preferentially in media of intermediate DMSO content (50–70% DMSO) and the type B aggregate in more water-rich media (<20% DMSO). In the intervening region it was possible to monitor spectroscopically a dynamic conversion from the type B aggregate to the type A aggregate. An examination of structure–property relationships indicated that dyes with less hydrophobic N-alkyl substituents formed only type A aggregates. Squaraine dyes with more hydrophobic N-alkyl substituents were found to form type B aggregates in water and type A aggregates in some DMSO–water mixtures. A model of squaraine aggregation was proposed in which the type A squaraine aggregate was "thermodynamically" preferred while the type B aggregate was "kinetically" preferred. The stability of the type B aggregate was proposed to be enhanced by increasing hydrophobicity of the N-alkyl substituents and decreased by increasing amounts of DMSO in the solvent system. Keywords: squaraine dyes, aggregation, crystallochromy, solvent effects.

scholarly journals The projected directive construction and object case marking in Finnish

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-190
Author(s):  
Yrjö Lauranto
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type B ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
Action Type ◽  
Type C ◽  
The One ◽  
Causative Construction ◽  
Action Verbs

This article examines object case marking in a Finnish verb structure called the Projected Directive Construction, e.g. Liisa pyysi Matti-a lähte-mä-än ‘Liisa asked Matti to leave’ (Liisa.NOMINATIVE asked Matti-PARTITIVE leave-INF-ILLATIVE). The PDC is divided into three subtypes. Type A includes verbs such as pyytää ‘to request’, which take a partitive object regardless of the outcome of the action. Verbs used in type B, such as määrätä ‘to order’, take an accusative object despite the result of the action. Type C comprises verbs such as suostutella ‘to persuade’ taking either a partitive or an accusative object, depending on the outcome of the semiotic causation expressed in the clause. The object case marking in the three subtypes reflects the two-faceted nature of the construction: on the one hand, it is a construction used for reporting of speech, on the other, it is a causative construction. It seems that boundedness – as it has traditionally been defined – does not suffice to describe the alternation of the object case in the PDC.Kokkuvõte. Yrjö Lauranto: Projitseeritud direktiivsed konstruktsioonid ja objekti käände markeerimine soome keeles. Artiklis käsitletakse objekti käänet soome keele projitseeritud direktiivses konstruktsioonis (PDK), nt Liisa pyysi Matti-a lähte-mä-än ‘Liisa palus Matit ära minna’. PDK võib jagada kolme alltüüpi. Tüüp A sisaldab verbe nagu pyytää ‘paluda’, mis nõuavad partitiivobjekti, sõltumata tegevuse tulemusest. Tüüp B verbid nagu määrätä ‘käskida’ nõuavad akusatiivobjekti, sõltumata tegevuse tulemuslikkusest. Tüüpi C kuuluvad verbid nagu suostutella ‘veenda’, mis võivad võtta nii partitiivse kui akusatiivse objekti, sõltuvalt lausega väljendatud semiootilise põhjustatuse tulemusest. Kolme alltüübi käändemarkeering peegeldab konstruktsiooni kahetist olemust: ühelt poolt kasutatakse konstruktsiooni kõne vahendamiseks, teiselt poolt on tegemist kausatiivse konstruktsiooniga. Seega ei piisa PDK objekti käändevahelduse selgitamiseks vaid piiritletuse mõistest.Võtmesõnad: objekti käände markeerimine; piiritletus; akusatiiv; partitiiv; kõne ja mõtete vahendamine; projitseerimine; kausatiivne konstruktsioon; soome keel

Epoxy Layered-Silicates Filled with Fly Ash Based Geopolymer: Compressive Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daud Yusrina Mat ◽  
Hussin Kamarudin ◽  
C.M. Ruzaidi ◽  
Azlin Fazlin Osman ◽  
Mustafa Al-Bakri
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Layered Silicates ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Compressive Test ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape ◽  
Scanning Electron

The effect of fly ash based geopolymer in epoxy layered silicates nanocomposites was studied using a compressive test. A series of nanocomposites with fly ash based geopolymer 1-7phr content was prepared. Qualitative evaluation of the three-dimensional shape of a fly ash based geopolymer surface and the origin was characterized using scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the addition of fly ash at the beginning with lower content are showing lower compressive strength than nanocomposites without fly ash filled. However, compressive properties suddenly increased at 3phr of fly ash geopolymer content compared to nanocomposites without fly ash. This indicated the blending of fly ash geopolymer in nanocomposites system have the ability for further studies.

scholarly journals Crossings and nestings in set partitions of classical types

2010 ◽  
Vol DMTCS Proceedings vol. AN,... (Proceedings) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Rubey ◽  
Christian Stump
Keyword(s):  
Nous Avons ◽  
Type A ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type B ◽  
Set Partition ◽  
Set Partitions ◽  
Type D ◽  
Nous Montrons ◽  
International Audience ◽  
The One

International audience In this extended abstract, we investigate bijections on various classes of set partitions of classical types that preserve openers and closers. On the one hand we present bijections for types $B$ and $C$ that interchange crossings and nestings, which generalize a construction by Kasraoui and Zeng for type $A$. On the other hand we generalize a bijection to type $B$ and $C$ that interchanges the cardinality of a maximal crossing with the cardinality of a maximal nesting, as given by Chen, Deng, Du, Stanley and Yan for type $A$. For type $D$, we were only able to construct a bijection between non-crossing and non-nesting set partitions. For all classical types we show that the set of openers and the set of closers determine a non-crossing or non-nesting set partition essentially uniquely. Dans ce résumé, nous étudions des bijections entre diverses classes de partitions d'ensemble de types classiques qui préservent les "openers'' et les "closers''. D'une part, nous présentons des bijections pour les types $B$ et $C$ qui échangent croisées et emboôtées, qui généralisent une construction de Kasraoui et Zeng pour le type $A$. D'autre part, nous généralisons une bijection pour le type $B$ et $C$ qui échange la cardinalité d'un croisement maximal avec la cardinalité d'un emboîtement maximal comme il a été fait par Chen, Deng, Du, Stanley et Yan pour le type $A$. Pour le type $D$, nous avons seulement construit une bijection entre les partitions non croisées et non emboîtées. Pour tout les types classiques, nous montrons que l'ensemble des "openers'' et l'ensemble des "closers'' déterminent une partition non croisées ou non emboîtées essentiellement de façon unique.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Morphology, Colonial Appearance, Agglutinability, and Virulence to Mice of Certain Variants of Bacterium aertrycke

1930 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
Smooth Form ◽  
Type D ◽  
Virulent Type ◽  
Type C ◽  
Transitional Forms ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

1. Analysis of a series of 135 strains of B. aertrycke indicates that at least four well-defined types may be recognised on the basis of morphology, colonial formation, virulence to mice, and to a less extent agglutination by salt, serum, and acids. These types comprise: (i) type A—the normal smooth virulent form; (ii) type B—a smooth form of low virulence; (iii) type C—a roughish, so-called ichthyotic, form of low virulence; (iv) type D—the really rough avirulent form. Between these well-defined types certain transitional forms may sometimes be recognised, the virulence of which is frequently of an order intermediate between that of the A type on the one hand, and the B, C, or D types on the other.2. Evidence is brought to show that if a virulent strain is sub-cultured daily, under conditions known to lead to a fall in virulence of the whole culture, a gradual replacement occurs of the virulent type A bacilli by the avirulent B, C or D types. So long as an adequate proportion, which is very small, of type A bacilli persists in the culture the virulence of the whole culture remains fairly high; but when all type A bacilli have been replaced by bacilli of the B, C or D types the virulence of the whole culture falls considerably.

Biological and Morphological Studies on Low-Leukemia-Strain Mice with Hodgkin's-Like Neoplasia Induced by Serial Cell-Free Transmission of Leukemic Organs of SJL/J Strain Mice

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
S. Fujinaga ◽  
K. Maruyama ◽  
C.W. Williams ◽  
K. Sekhri ◽  
L. Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Type A ◽  
Reticulum Cell ◽  
Type B ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
Serial Transfer ◽  
Strain Mouse ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Cell Neoplasm ◽  
Free Material

Yumoto and Dmochowski (Cancer Res.27, 2098 (1967)) reported the presence of mature and immature type C leukemia virus particles in leukemic organs and tissues such as lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, liver, and kidneys of SJL/J strain mice with Hodgki's-like disease or reticulum cell neoplasm (type B). In an attempt to ascertain the possibility that this neoplasia may be of viral origin, experiments with induction and transmission of this neoplasm were carried out using cell-free extracts of leukemic organs from an SJL/J strain mouse with spontaneous disease.It has been possible to induce the disease in low-leukemia BALB/c and C3HZB strain mice and serially transfer the neoplasia by cell-free extracts of leukemic organs of these mice. Histological examination revealed the neoplasia to be of either reticulum cell-type A or type B. Serial transfer is now in its fifth passage. In addition leukemic spleen from another SJL/J strain mouse with spontaneous reticulum cell neoplasm (type A) was set up in tissue culture and is now in its 141st serial passage in vitro. Preliminary results indicate that cell-free material of 39th tissue culture passage can reproduce neoplasia in BALB/c mice.

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