Effect of Bi and In on Microstructure Formation in Sn-3Ag-3Bi-3In/Cu and /Ni Solder Joints

2016 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 142-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Belyakov ◽  
Christopher M. Gourlay
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Ternary Compound ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Solder Joints ◽  
Primary Phase ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Microstructure Formation ◽  
Five Phases

Sn-3Ag-3Bi-3In solder has been investigated to improve the understanding of microstructure formation in this solder during solidification and soldering to Cu and Ni substrates. The as-solidified microstructures of Sn-3Ag-3Bi-3In samples were found to consist of a significant fraction of βSn dendrites with a complex eutectic between the dendrites. In total five phases were observed to form during solidification: βSn, Ag3Sn, Bi, ζAg and a “Sn-In-Bi” ternary compound. Soldering of Sn-3Ag-3Bi-3In to substrates changed the phase equilibria in the system and caused the formation of additional phases: Cu6Sn5 during soldering to Cu and Ni3Sn4 and metastable NiSn4 during soldering to Ni. It is shown that metastable NiSn4 forms as a primary phase in a complex 5-component Sn-3Ag-3Bi-3In-Ni system. In and Bi were detected in solid solution in the βSn matrix in amounts of ~1.5-2at% and ~1.2at% respectively. Bi also existed as fine particles of two distinct types. (i): sub-micron (<500nm) coral-like particles and (ii) facetted particles measuring up to 7-8 μm.

scholarly journals Supplementary X-ray studies of the Ni-Sn-Bi system

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.P. Vassilev ◽  
K.I. Lilova ◽  
J.C. Gachon
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Ternary Compound ◽  
Approximate Formula ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Scanning Electron

Phase equilibria were studied in the system Ni-Sn-Bi. Special attention has been paid to the identification of the recently found ternary phase. For this purpose samples were synthesized using intimately mixed powders. After annealing and quenching, all alloys were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and by X-ray diffraction. The results give evidences about the existence of a ternary compound with approximate formula Ni6Sn2Bi to Ni7Sn2Bi. Overlapping of some neighboring diffraction peaks of this phase with NiBi and Ni3Sn_LT is the reason for the difficulties related to the X-ray diffraction identification of the ternary phase.

Microstructure in Rapidly Quenched Al-Ti,Al-B and Al-Ti-B Alloys

1986 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Majumdar ◽  
R. H. Mair ◽  
B. C. Muddle
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Primary Phase ◽  
Nucleation Sites ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Melt Spun ◽  
Chill Cast

AbstractRapidly quenched ribbons (˜50m thickness) of Al-5wt.%Ti, Al-lwt.%B and a range of Al-Ti-B alloys have been produced by melt spinning under He atmosphere and the microstructures of the ribbons, following solidification and post-solidification heat treatment, characterized using analytical electron microscopy. In the Al-5Ti alloy, the coarse equilibrium primary phase (b.c.t. Al3 Ti) that is observed following conventional casting is replaced by fine (0.1–0. 2μm), cuboidal particles of a metastable cubic (Ll2) Al3Ti in melt-spun ribbon. These metastable particles form directly from the melt and act as nucleation sites for the solid solution which subsequently forms. A refined microstructure with an average grain size of 1–2μm results. A supersaturation of Ti is retained in matrix solid solution following solidification and a variety of solid state precipitate forms, including fine dispersions of coherent, metastable Al3 Ti particles, is observed to emerge during post-solidification heat treatment. For the Al-1B alloy, the coarse distribution of primary AlB2 particles in a chill-cast ingot is replaced by a fine, uniform dispersion of the metastable boride, α-AlB12, in the melt-spun ribbon. Attempts to induce a refined boride dispersion in melt-spun Al-Ti-B alloys have proved largely unsuccessful.

Synthesis and characterization of mixed fluorides with PbF2 and ScF3

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Achary ◽  
A. K. Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Unit Cell Volume ◽  
Solubility Limit ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Fluorite Type ◽  
Low Temperature Phase

A series of mixed fluoride compositions with PbF2 and ScF3 were prepared by heating the intimate mixtures of component fluorides at 600 °C for 10 h followed by slowly cooling to room temperature. The products obtained were analyzed by powder XRD to reveal the phases present in them and hence the low-temperature phase equilibria in the PbF2-ScF3 system. The phase equilibria show the fluorite-type solid solution up to the composition of about 15 mol% of ScF3 in the PbF2 lattice. The unit cell volume decreases with increasing ScF3 contents in the fluorite-type solid solutions. Beyond the solubility limit, the biphasic mixture of the cubic fluorite-type solid solution and leftover ScF3 is found to exist.

Influence of lattice oxygen on properties of Ce–Fe composite in NO+CO reduction system

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1292-1299
Author(s):  
Yuze Bai ◽  
Huizhong Wu ◽  
Jinhao Zhu ◽  
Lichao Yang ◽  
Na Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Lattice Oxygen ◽  
Composite Catalyst ◽  
Ferric Nitrate ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Composite Catalysts ◽  
Reduction System ◽  
Co Reduction

Ce–Fe composite was prepared by hydrothermal method to simulate the ore facies with Ce–Fe coatingembedded structure in rare earth tailings. Fe2O3 is used as the carrier and cerium nitrate is used as active component. We studied the effect of lattice oxygen on the performance of Ce–Fe composites in the NO+CO reduction system. The results show that the peak of CeO2 in the sample prepared by the hydrothermal method of nitric acid moves at a high angle, the lattice constant becomes smaller, and the diffraction peak corresponding to CeO2 in Raman is red-shifted. It indicated that the hydrothermal method can form Ce–O–Fe solid solution. In TEM, nanoscale Fe2O3 particles caused by the decomposition of ferric nitrate were observed on the surface of the sample. In the whole reaction process, a large amount of lattice oxygen provided by Fe2O3 as a carrier, the presence of Ce–O–Fe solid solution and free Fe2O3 fine particles determine the high catalytic activity of the composite catalyst. The presence of CeO2 can improve the surface reduction of Fe2O3, and also promote the conversion of Fe3+ to Fe2+, Ce4+ to Ce3+. The conversion of lattice oxygen to adsorbed oxygen reflects the combined action of the composite catalysts Ce and Fe. The denitration rate of the Ce–Fe composite NO+CO reduction system exceeded 92.24% at 700 °C. Lattice oxygen can promote the performance of Ce–Fe composites in NO+CO reduction system.

Phase equilibria and solidification behavior in the PbF2−AlF3 system

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 2188-2192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda V. Moulton ◽  
Robert S. Feigelson
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Directional Solidification ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Binary Phase Diagram ◽  
Peritectoid Reaction ◽  
Solidification Behavior ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between phase equilibria in the PbF2−AlF3 system and the solidification behavior of several ternary lead aluminum fluoride compounds was explored. A partial binary phase diagram for the PbF2−AlF3 system was determined from differential thermal analysis, annealing and directional solidification studies. The compounds AlF3, Pb3Al2F12, Pb9Al2F24, and a PbF2 solid solution were identified by x-ray diffraction, energy dispersive and microprobe analysis. The previously reported phases PbAlF5 and PbAl2F8 were not observed. Directional solidification studies showed that it is possible to grow crystals of AlF3, Pb3Al2F12, and the PbF2 solid solution from nonstoichiometric PbF2−AlF3 melts. The compound Pb9Al2F24 was found to decompose on heating by a peritectoid reaction (forming two other solids) and thus could not be solidified directly from a PbF2−AlF3 melt.

scholarly journals The constitution of the aluminium-rich aluminium-cobaltcopper alloys, with special reference to the role of transitional metals in alloy formation

1949 ◽  
Vol 197 (1050) ◽  
pp. 321-335 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Ternary Compound ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Primary Crystallization ◽  
Alloy Formation ◽  
Atom Ratio ◽  
Transitional Metals ◽  
Ternary Compounds ◽  
Electron Atom

An experimental investigation of aluminium-rich aluminium-cobalt-copper alloys has shown that, as in the alloys of alumiinium and copper with nickel and iron respectively, a ternary compound, in addition to the phases Co 2 Al 9 and CuAl 2 , enters into equilibrium with the primary solid solution. Isothermal sections of the ternary model have been established at 530° and 500° C; the field in which the solid solution, α , and the ternary compound, T (CoCu), are in equilibrium is very narrow, while the ( α + Co 2 Al 9 ), ( α + Co 2 Al 9 + T (CoCu)) and ( α + T (CoCu)+CuAl 2 ) phase fields are relatively extensive. The presence of T (CoCu), and its formation peritectically from Co 2 Al 9 , have been confirmed by further experiments on solid and semi-liquid alloys and, from the examination of slowly cooled alloys, the appropriate fields of primary crystallization have been determined. The composition range in which T (CoCu) separates as primary crystals is restricted, and, for this and other reasons, pure samples of T (CoCu) cannot be obtained for analysis. Extrapolation of the accurately established ( α + T (CoCu) + CuAl 2 )/( α + T (CoCu)) and ( α + T (CoCu) + CuAl 2 )/( T (CoCu) + CuAl 2 ) boundaries, however, showrs that the homogeneity range of T (CoCu) includes the composition Co 2 Cu 5 Al 16 . The solubility of copper in Co 2 Al 9 does not exceed 1·44% at 570° C. In discussion, it is showm that the ternary compounds NiCu 3 Al 6 and FeCu 2 Al 7 occur at the same electron: atom ratio, according to the authors’ theory of the role of transitional elements in alloy formation. The compound T (CoCu) forms a third member of the same series and is probably of the ideal composition Co 2 Cu 5 Al 13 . The results support the hypothesis of absorption of electrons by transitional metal atoms present in aluminium-rich alloys, and also that the occurrence of ternary compounds is influenced to a marked degree by the electron: atom ratio.

ChemInform Abstract: Phase Equilibria and Solid Solution Relationships in the La2O3-TiO2-ZrO2 System

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (42) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
S. D. Skapin ◽  
D. Kolar ◽  
D. Suvorov
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Zro2 System

Phase equilibria in the Tl–TlI–Te system and thermodynamic properties of the Tl5Te3−xIx solid solution

2014 ◽  
Vol 590 ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dunya M. Babanly ◽  
Ilham M. Babanly ◽  
Samira Z. Imamaliyeva ◽  
Vaqif A. Gasimov ◽  
Andrei V. Shevelkov
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Phase Equilibria

Phase Equilibria in the BaO-SiO2-Al2O3 Ternary System at 1500 °C

2016 ◽  
Vol 697 ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Pekka Taskinen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Ternary Compound ◽  
Energy Dispersive Analysis ◽  
Liquidus Composition ◽  
Isothermal Sections ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Phase equilibria of the BaO-SiO2-Al2O3 ternary system was experimentally investigated using a quenching technique and analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive Analysis (EDS) and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD). A ternary compound was confirmed in the present work. The liquidus composition in equilibrium with the ternary compound at 1500 °C were quantified. The isothermal sections of the BaO-SiO2-Al2O3 ternary system at 1400 °C, 1500 °C, 1600 °C, and 1700 °C were calculated. Based on the data acquired, the isothermal section at 1500 °C was constructed.

scholarly journals Processing, Microstructure, and Properties of Multiphase Mo Silicide Alloys

1998 ◽  
Vol 552 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Liu ◽  
J. H. Schneibel ◽  
L. Heatherly
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Eutectic Composition ◽  
Primary Phase ◽  
Flexure Strength ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Microstructure And Properties ◽  
Multiphase Alloy ◽  
Microstructural Studies

ABSTRACTMultiphase Mo silicide alloys containing T2 (Mo5SiB2), Mo3Si and Mo phases were prepared by both melting & casting (M&C) and powder metallurgical (PM) processes. Glassy phases are observed in PM materials but not in M&C materials. Microstructural studies indicate that the primary phase is Mo-rich solid solution in alloys containing ≤(9.4Si+13.8B, at. %) and T2 in alloys with ≥(9.8Si+14.6B). An eutectic composition is estimated to be close to Mo–9.6Si–14.2B. The mechanical properties of multiphase silicide alloys were determined by hardness, tensile and bending tests at room temperature. The multiphase alloy MSB-18 (Mo–9.4Si–13.8B) possesses a flexure strength distinctly higher than that of MoSi2 and other Mo5Si3 silicide alloys containing no Mo particles. Also, MSB-18 is tougher than MoSi2 by a factor of 4.

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