Post-Seismic Damage Assessment of a Historical Masonry Building: The Case Study of a School in Teramo

2017 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 620-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Colonna ◽  
Stefania Imperatore ◽  
Maria Zucconi ◽  
Barbara Ferracuti
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Seismic Action ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Historical Masonry

The historical masonry buildings are characterised by a great vulnerability regard the seismic action, as the recent events occurred in Central Italy have highlighted. During the seismic emergency the authors, in collaboration with the Civil Protection Department as part of the ReLUIS activities, have carried out usability inspections, analysing also the case study described in this paper. The structure, a school in Teramo, was already affected by previously seismic damages and it has been highly involved by the seismic events abovementioned. In this work the results of first inspection, reported in the AeDES form, and a more accurate visual inspection are presented in terms of detection of the crack patterns and evaluation of the seismic damages index. Moreover the vulnerability index has been calculated according to the GNDT 2° level method. The vulnerability index is finally used to calculate the damage index expected for the seismic intensity registered during the seismic event of October 30, 2016, and compared with the observed post-seismic damage level.

scholarly journals Seismic Risk Assessment Using Stochastic Nonlinear Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeudy Vargas-Alzate ◽  
Nieves Lantada ◽  
Ramón González-Drigo ◽  
Luis Pujades
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Seismic Action ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Capacity Spectrum

The basic input when seismic risk is estimated in urban environments is the expected physical damage level of buildings. The vulnerability index and capacity spectrum-based methods are the tools that have been used most to estimate the probability of occurrence of this important variable. Although both methods provide adequate estimates, they involve simplifications that are no longer necessary, given the current capacity of computers. In this study, an advanced method is developed that avoids many of these simplifications. The method starts from current state-of-the-art approaches, but it incorporates non-linear dynamic analysis and a probabilistic focus. Thus, the method considers not only the nonlinear dynamic response of the structures, modeled as multi degree of freedom systems (MDoF), but also uncertainties related to the loads, the geometry of the buildings, the mechanical properties of the materials and the seismic action. Once the method has been developed, the buildings are subjected to earthquake records that are selected and scaled according to the seismic hazard of the site and considering the probabilistic nature of the seismic actions. The practical applications of the method are illustrated with a case study: framed reinforced concrete buildings that are typical of an important district, the Eixample, in Barcelona (Spain). The building typology and the district were chosen because the seismic risk in Barcelona has been thoroughly studied, so detailed information about buildings’ features, seismic hazard and expected risk is available. Hence, the current results can be compared with those obtained using simpler, less sophisticated methods. The main aspects of the method are presented and discussed first. Then, the case study is described and the results obtained with the capacity spectrum method are compared with the results using the approach presented here. The results at hand show reasonably good agreement with previous seismic damage and risk scenarios in Barcelona, but the new method provides richer, more detailed, more reliable information. This is particularly useful for seismic risk reduction, prevention and management, to move towards more resilient, sustainable cities.

Comparison of macroseismic-intensity scales by considering empirical observations of structural seismic damage

2020 ◽  
pp. 875529302094417
Author(s):  
Siqi Li ◽  
Yongsheng Chen ◽  
Tianlai Yu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Macroseismic Intensity ◽  
Intensity Scale ◽  
Failure Characteristics ◽  
Damage Survey ◽  
Seismic Engineering

In practice, seismic intensity is evaluated in accordance with a macroseismic-intensity scale recognized in the field of seismic engineering globally. The application of different seismic-intensity scales to evaluate the seismic damage of a specific structure due to an earthquake yields diverse results. On this basis, this study compared a few extensively used macroseismic-intensity scales. The results can be used as a reference to develop an international intensity scale. According to empirical structural-damage survey data from the Wenchuan earthquake (Mw = 8.0) that occurred on 12 May 2008 in China, the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS)-98, Medvedev, Sponheuer, and Karnik (MSK)-81, and Chinese Seismic Intensity Scale (CSIS)-08 intensity scales were utilized to evaluate the resulting damage. This study carried out a vulnerability analysis of typical structures, established vulnerability seismic-damage matrices, and mapped out vulnerability curves under different intensities. Our objective is to demonstrate that the use of multiple intensity scales can lead to very different intensity levels. The differences in the damage of typical structures under different intensity levels were obtained from an evaluation using the three aforementioned intensity scales. As a result, a calculation model of the mean damage index is proposed herein. Ultimately, this article conducted an analysis on the failure characteristics of typical structures in an earthquake and provided effective measures to improve seismic performance for future reference.

Seismic Damage to Churches: Observations from the L’Aquila, Italy, Earthquake and Considerations on a Case-Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 641-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigia Binda ◽  
Claudio Chesi ◽  
Maria Adelaide Parisi
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Crack Pattern ◽  
Damage Analysis ◽  
Classification Procedure ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
The City

The earthquake that hit the city of L’Aquila, in central Italy, on the 6th of April 2009 has severely damaged most of the heritage buildings of the area. Soon after the event, a first survey of damage to ancient churches and palaces has been carried out according to a predefined classification procedure. Subsequently, a more detailed damage analysis was started in order to facilitate decision on future interventions. For one of these churches, S. Biagio Amiterno, damage consisted in the collapse of the upper part of the façade, in the localized collapse of the main vault, and in an extended crack pattern in vaults, columns, and walls. This damage pattern is interpreted here as case study. In more general terms, the exam of specific case studies gives the possibility of shedding light on various issues related to the seismic behavior of the building typologies concerned.

Damage Variation in Highway Bridge Piers for Rehabilitation with Different Reinforced Options

2013 ◽  
Vol 569-570 ◽  
pp. 254-261
Author(s):  
Consuelo M. Gómez-Soberón ◽  
Bertha Olmos-Navarrete ◽  
Manuel Jara-Díaz ◽  
José Manuel Jara-Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Bridge Piers ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Seismic Action ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Seismic Scenarios ◽  
Earthquake Zone ◽  
High Degree

Bridges are considered as vital components that require a high degree of protection to guarantee their functionality, even after significant earthquakes. So, the damage evaluation of current conditions of these structures is considered a necessary tool for inspection, maintenance and rehabilitation. Seismic fragility curves of a common highway bridge structure, with simple-supported girders, for different seismic scenarios, are evaluated in this paper. The selected bridge is a RC system with rectangular piers, forming a frame substructure; the bridge piers reinforcement is designed using steel jackets. Damage fragility curves are again evaluated for the reinforced system and compared with the initial condition; for that, a non-linear analyses with Ruaumoko program are accomplished, using a Takeda constitutive model and the damage index proposed by Parket al. As an external seismic action, artificial accelerograms are obtained based on signals registered in the most hazardous earthquake zone of Mexico. The probability changes of a certain damage level are verified for the obtained results.

Seismic Assessment of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings

2016 ◽  
Vol 837 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Jorge Arturo Avila-Haro ◽  
Ahmed Saad Elshoura ◽  
Jiří Maca
Keyword(s):  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
First Case ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry Building ◽  
Ground Motion Records

The first case study used in this work is an existing seven-storey unreinforced masonry building (representing a typical residential building located in the district of L ́Example in Barcelona). The accuracy of the non-linear static procedures was evaluated by comparison with non-linear dynamic analyses for seven ground motion records and different levels of seismic intensity. The results obtained from the analyses showed good performance of the static pushover methods on the analysed building. The second case study used in this work is a two-storey unreinforced masonry building which was tested at ELSA in Ispra, Italy. First a modal response spectrum analysis was carried out. Subsequently, non-linear static analysis was performed using two different computer programmes. The results of the present work were compared with experimental results.

scholarly journals A method of seismic performance evaluation based seismic fragility analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 04036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Wang ◽  
Zhongzheng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Damage Parameter ◽  
Fragility Analysis ◽  
Seismic Fragility ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Seismic Performance Evaluation

For evaluating seismic performance of structures, a method is presented based on increment dynamic analysis and seismic fragility analysis. Firstly, the failure probability equation is deduced, in which the relationships of seismic intensities and response demands can be determined by the increment dynamic analysis. On this basis the probabilities with different damage levels under different seismic intensities are obtained. Secondly, damage parameter R is defined and used to reflect seismic damage level of structures, damage index Re is defined and used to compare with R range and determine the situation of seismic damage. Finally, the procedure is proposed for evaluating structural seismic performance. In order to verify and demonstrate the method, three structural models are designed, and typical earthquake records are selected. The results of example analysis show that this method is convenient for evaluating multi-levels seismic performance of structures.

scholarly journals A NOVEL SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF MASONRY FAÇADES: FRAMING AND VALIDATION ON CALDAROLA CASE STUDY AFTER 2016 CENTRAL ITALY EARTHQUAKE

Rivista Tema ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (N.2 (2021)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Damage State ◽  
Central Italy Earthquake ◽  
Observed Damage

An important portion of the historical built environment, which is characterized by un-reinforced masonry, is particularly vulnerable to collapse in case of earthquakes, as demonstrated by recent events. Strategies to target the facades of the most vulnerable buildings need to be tailored for retrofitting and emergency planning. In this research, a novel expeditious vulnerability assessment method, particularly suitable for historical masonry aggregates, is proposed. The method allows assessing the vulnerability index based on information available from external surveys on the building, thus facilitating and speeding up the investigation. If other more precise information (e.g., curbs and tie rods effectiveness) is available, the vulnerability estimation can be improved. The method focuses on out-of-plane mechanisms of the facade, which cause debris to fall on adjacent streets, impeding emergency response. The expeditious method is tailored starting from analytical methods applied on a large sample of historical buildings hit by earthquakes, and validated by means of comparison with kinematic analysis and observed damage state on a relevant case study, Caldarola (Macerata, Central Italy, which was struck by the earthquake in 2016). Results show a good agreement between the proposed method, the kinematic analysis, and the observed damage state of the considered case study, with 75% and 87.5% correspondence, and the method is especially precise for evaluating highly damaged facades.

scholarly journals A case study on numerical simulation of a historical masonry building

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-294
Author(s):  
Embiya Tilki ◽  
Arif Velioğlu ◽  
Barış Sayın
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analyses ◽  
Seismic Resistance ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Historical Masonry

Masonry buildings are ordinarily complex construction systems and there is a lack of knowledge and information concerning the behavior of their seismic response. Due to the life safety of masonry buildings under seismic effects are very essential, numerical modeling and analysis of the buildings are an important issue. Because of the insufficient seismic resistance on structural members such as jack arch slabs and masonry walls, numerical studies have become necessary to determine the level of the structural strength of the structures. The tensile strength of load-bearing walls in the buildings is lower whereas, the compressive strength is higher. In this way, tensile cracks occur at structural members due to insufficient tensile resistance. Therefore, the tensile stress locations in the structure are critical. The study focuses on the assessment of historical masonry buildings from the point of seismic resistance. The entire process is performed using a case study from a historical masonry building. In this study conducted in this respect, the existing situation of a historical building using numerical analyses were presented with the cross-disciplinary study of civil engineering and architecture. The linear elastic analysis is selected as an analysis method. The seismic parameters are determined based on the Turkish Earthquake Code (TBEC 2018). Consequently, the study is performed to determine the seismic-resistant of historical buildings within the scope of numerical analyses.

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