Surface Doping of Steel with an Intense Pulsed Electron Beam

2018 ◽  
Vol 781 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Gennadii G. Volokitin ◽  
Yurii Ivanov ◽  
Anatolii A. Klopotov ◽  
Anton D. Teresov ◽  
Vladimir Shugurov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Zirconium Carbide ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
Pulsed Electron Beam ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Surface Doping ◽  
Carbide Particles ◽  
Crystallization Structure

Surface doping of AISI420 steel is carried out in a single vacuum cycle, and consisted of spraying a thin (0.5 μm) film of Zr-Ti-Cu alloy by electric-arc sputtering of a cathode of the composition Zr-6 at.% Ti-6 at.% Cu, and the subsequent irradiation of the system “film (Zr-Ti-Cu alloy) / (AISI420 steel) substrate” with an intense pulsed electron beam. It is shown that the concentration of zirconium in the surface layer of steel decreases with an increase in the energy density of the electron beam (ES). It is established that formation of a surface alloy is accompanied by the following: formation of a cellular crystallization structure (the average cell size increases from 150 nm at ES = 20 J/cm2 to 370 nm at ES = 40 J/cm2); formation of a dendritic crystallization structure in the presence of refractory element particles (titanium or zirconium); decomposition of a solid solution with the release of zirconium carbide particles (particle sizes increase from (10-15) nm at ES = 20 J/cm2 to (30-40) nm at ES = 40 J/cm2). Particles of the carbide phase based on chromium of the composition Cr3C2, Cr7C3 and (Cr, Fe)23С6, along with zirconium carbide particles, are revealed upon the irradiation of the system “film (Zr-Ti-Cu alloy) / (AISI420 steel) substrate” with an intense pulsed electron beam (ES = 40 J/cm2). Chromium carbide particles have a round shape; their sizes vary from 40 nm to 60 nm. The analysis of phase transformation diagrams taking place under equilibrium conditions in systems Fe-Zr-C; Cr-Zr-C; Fe-Cr-Zr is carried out. It is established that ultra-high cooling rates that occur during the irradiation of the system “film (Zr-Ti-Cu alloy) / (AISI420 steel) substrate” with an intense pulsed electron beam impose restrictions on formation of phases of the intermetallic type. It is suggested that formation of predominantly carbide phases in the surface layer of the material is conditioned upon high mobility of carbon atoms in steel.

scholarly journals Effect of the cooling rate on phase transformations in a surface-alloyed layer of steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Yuriy F. Ivanov ◽  
Anton D. Teresov ◽  
Elizaveta A. Petrikova ◽  
Vladimir V. Shugurov ◽  
Аnatoliy А. Klopotov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Zirconium Carbide ◽  
Arc Spraying ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
Pulsed Electron Beam ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Aisi 420 ◽  
Carbide Particles

Surface alloying of AISI 420 steel was carried out in a single vacuum cycle, and consisted of spraying a thin (0.5 μm) film of Zr-Ti-Cu alloy by electric arc spraying of a cathode of the composition Zr-6 at.% Ti-6 at.% Cu, and the subsequent irradiation of the “film (Zr-Ti-Cu alloy) / (AISI 420 steel) substrate” system with an intense pulsed electron beam. It is shown that the concentration of zirconium in the surface layer of steel decreases with an increase in the energy density of the electron beam (ES). It is established that formation of a surface alloy is accompanied by the following: formation of a cellular crystallization structure (the average cell size increases from 150 nm at ES = 20 J/cm2 to 370 nm at ES = 40 J/cm2); decomposition of a solid solution with the release of zirconium carbide particles (particle sizes increase from (10-15) nm at ES = 20 J/cm2 to (30-40) nm at ES = 40 J/cm2). Particles of the carbide phase based on chromium of the composition Cr3C2, Cr7C3 and (Cr, Fe)23С6, along with zirconium carbide particles, are revealed upon the irradiation of the “film (Zr-Ti-Cu alloy) / (AISI 420 steel) substrate” system with an intense pulsed electron beam (ES = 40 J/cm2). Chromium carbide particles have a round shape; their sizes vary from 40 nm to 60 nm. The authors analyzed phase transformation diagrams taking place under equilibrium conditions in Fe-Zr-C; Cr-Zr-C; Fe-Cr-Zr systems. It is established that ultra-high cooling rates that occur during the irradiation of the “film (Zr-Ti-Cu alloy) / (AISI 420 steel) substrate” system with an intense pulsed electron beam impose limitations on the formation of phases of the intermetallic type. It is assumed that the formation of predominantly carbide phases in the surface layer of the material is due to high mobility of carbon atoms in steel.

scholarly journals Multi-cycle of AISI 5135 steel modification by irradiation of the “film (Si (0.2 μm) + Nb (0.2 μm))/(AISI 5135 steel) substrate” system with an intense pulsed electron beam

2021 ◽  
Vol 2064 (1) ◽  
pp. 012041
Author(s):  
N N Koval ◽  
Yu F Ivanov ◽  
V V Shugurov ◽  
A D Teresov ◽  
E A Petrikova
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pulsed Electron Beam ◽  
Impact Area ◽  
Steel Aisi

Abstract Steel AISI 5135 surface layer modification carried out by high-cycle high-speed melting of the “film (Si + Nb)/(steel AISI 5135) substrate” system with an intense pulsed electron beam with an impact area of several square centimeters, have been implemented in a single vacuum cycle on the “COMPLEX” setup. The regime of the system “film (Si (0.2 μm) + Nb (0.2 μm))/(steel AISI 5135) substrate” irradiation with an intense pulsed electron beam (20 J/cm2, 200 μs, 3 pulses, 3 cycles) which makes it possible to form a surface layer with high thermal stability have been revealed. This layer is characterized by high hardness, more than 3 times higher than the hardness of AISI 5135 steel in the original (ferrite-pearlite structure) and wear resistance, more than 90 times higher than the wear resistance of the initial AISI 5135 steel. It is shown that the high strength and tribological properties of steel are due to the formation of the hardening phase particles (niobium silicide of Nb5Si3 composition).

Surface doping of VT6 alloy with zirconium by pulsed electron-beam mixing of predeposited multilayer Zr/Ti film

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 891-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Rotshtein ◽  
A. B. Markov ◽  
N. Shevchenko ◽  
H. Reuther ◽  
K. V. Oskomov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Pulsed Electron Beam ◽  
Surface Doping

A Study of Electrically Active Defects Induced by Pulsed Electron Beam Annealing In (100) N-Type Virgin Silicon

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Doghmane ◽  
D. Barbier ◽  
A. Laugier
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Schottky Contacts ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Electron Trap ◽  
Melting Layer ◽  
Pulsed Electron Beam ◽  
Depth Profiles ◽  
Electron Beam Pulse

ABSTRACTAu/Si Schottky contacts have been used as test structures to investigate defects induced in virgin C.Z (100) N-type silicon after irradiation with a 12 to 20 KeV mean energy electron beam pulse. A thin and highly damaged surface layer was observed from a fluence threshold of 1 J/cm2. In addition electron traps were detected in the PEBA induced melting layer with concentrations in the 1012-1013 cm-3 range. Their depth profiles have been related to the PEBA induced melting layer thickness. Quenching of multidefect complexes is the most probable mechanism for electron trap generation in the processed layer.

The structure and phase condition's evolution in the silicon carbide ceramics surface layer under the electron-beam treatment

2018 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Yu. F. Ivanov ◽  
O. L. Khasanov ◽  
M. S. Petyukevich ◽  
V. V. Polisadova ◽  
Z. G. Bikbaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Treatment ◽  
Pulsed Electron Beam ◽  
Sic Ceramics ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Carbide Ceramics ◽  
Silicon Carbide Ceramics ◽  
Beam Characteristics

The elemental constituents, phase composition and substructural evolution were investigated in the article in the silicon carbide ceramics surface layer which was subjected to the intense pulsed electron beam the density of the electron beam being varied. It was shown that the ceramic layer surface's structure and phase conditions were controlled by the electron beam characteristics. The SiC-ceramics surface layer nanostructuring was detected and the electron beam treatment conditions which lead to this effect were defined.

Microstructure Analysis of HPb59-1 Brass Induced by High Current Pulsed Electron Beam

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 715-721
Author(s):  
Jike Lyu ◽  
Bo Gao ◽  
Liang Hu ◽  
Shuaidan Lu ◽  
Ganfeng Tu
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
High Current ◽  
Pulsed Electron Beam ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Nanocrystalline Structures ◽  
Two Phases

AbstractIn this paper, the effects of high current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) on the microstructure evolution of casting HPb59-1 (Cu 57.1 mass%, Pb 1.7 mass% and Zn balance) alloy were investigated. The results showed a “wavy” surface which was formed with Pb element existing in the forms of stacking block and microparticles on the top surface layer after treatment. Nanocrystalline structures including Pb grains and two phases (α and β) were formed on the top remelted layer and their sizes were all less than 100 nm. The disordered β phase was generated in the surface layer after HCPEB treatment, which is beneficial for the improvement of surface properties. Meanwhile, there was a large residual stress on the alloy surface, along with the appearance of microcracks, and the preferred orientations of grains also changed.

Surface Treatment of Materials with High Current Pulsed Electron Beam

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 3959-3962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Zhi Hao ◽  
B. Gao ◽  
Ai Min Wu ◽  
Jian Xin Zou ◽  
Ying Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
Research Work ◽  
High Current ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Pulsed Electron Beam ◽  
Dynamic Stress Field

High current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) is now becoming a promising energetic source for the surface treatment of materials. When the concentrated electron flux transferring its energy into a very thin surface layer within a short pulse time, superfast processes such as heating, melting, evaporation and consequent solidification, as well as dynamic stress field induced by an abrupt thermal distribution in the interactive zone impart surface layer with improved physicochemical and mechanical properties. The present paper reports mainly our experimental research work on this new-style technique. Investigations performed with a variety of constructional materials (aluminum, carbon and mold steel, magnesium alloys) have shown that the most pronounced changes of composition, microstructure and properties occur in the near-surface layers, while the thickness of the modified layer with improved mechanical properties (several hundreds of micrometers) is significantly greater than that of the heat-affected zone due to the propagation of stress wave. The surfaces treated with either simply several pulses of bombardment or complex techniques, such as rapid alloying by HCPEB can exhibit improved mechanical and physicochemical properties to some extent.

scholarly journals Structure and properties of high-chromium steel irradiated with a pulsed electron beam and nitrided in a low-pressure gas discharge plasma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2064 (1) ◽  
pp. 012043
Author(s):  
Y Ivanov ◽  
E Petrikova ◽  
A Teresov ◽  
S Lykov ◽  
O Tolkachev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gas Discharge ◽  
Iron Nitride ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Pulsed Electron Beam

Abstract Ion-plasma saturation of the surface of machine parts and mechanisms with gas elements (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon) is currently one of the most effective and widely used methods of surface hardening of metal products for various purposes in the industry of developed countries. The aim of this research is to develop a complex method for modifying the surface layer of AISI 310 steel, combining irradiation with an intense pulsed electron beam and subsequent nitriding in the plasma of a low-pressure gas discharge. As a result of the studies performed, the optimal parameters of modification were revealed, which make it possible to increase the hardness of the surface layer of steel by more than 11 times, relative to the hardness of the initial material, and 8 times, relative to the hardness of steel irradiated with a pulsed electron beam. In this case, the wear resistance of the steel exceeds the wear resistance of the original and irradiated material by more than 100 times. It has been established that the high strength and tribological properties of the modified steel are due to the formation of a two-phase (iron nitride and chromium nitride) layered nanoscale structure in the surface layer.

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