Impact of Oil Additive Characteristics on Biofuel Engine Wear Using Electron Microscopy and Confocal Microscopy

Soot particles are produced during combustion process in the diesel engine. These particles will later exhaust into the thermosphere and part of them will contaminate the engine oil. When the lubricant is contaminated with soot, diesel engine abrasion or in a worst-case scenario lubricant starvation occurs. This situation will eventually lead into engine ware. High volume of soot also raises acid level of the area. If this state co-occurs with high temperature of the engine and volatile gases during operation, engine corrosion may also be produced. This research study the effect of additive volume on the dispersion of soot in engine oil and effect of additive on size and volume of soot which affect to mechanism of ware in metal by tribology four-ball tester, image analysis by scanning electron microscope and particle size analysis by laser diffraction technique.

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Fighting with the Lernean Hydra: Greek Humanitarian Crisis Enters Worst-Case Scenario. Comment on: Joseph, L.; Ismail, S.A.; Gunst, M.; Jarman, K.; Prior, D.; Harris, M.; Abbara, A. A Qualitative Research Study Which Explores Humanitarian Stakeholders’ Views on Healthcare Access for Refugees in Greece. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6972

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17218253 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (21) ◽

pp. 8253

Author(s):

Ourania S. Kotsiou ◽

Panagiotis Kotsios ◽

Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis ◽

Vaios Kotsios

Keyword(s):

Research Study ◽

Healthcare Access ◽

Point Of View ◽

Case Scenario ◽

Humanitarian Crisis ◽

Worst Case ◽

Qualitative Research Study ◽

Humanitarian Response ◽

Key Stakeholders ◽

Shed Light

Liz Joseph and collaborators shed light upon the real challenges of securing health during the Greek humanitarian crisis from the point of view of the key stakeholders in healthcare access, reflecting the need to reform a range of different contexts and types of humanitarian response [...]

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Effect of hBN/Al2O3 Nanoparticle Additives on the Tribological Performance of Engine Oil

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v66.2685 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Muhammad Ilman Hakimi Chua Abdullah ◽

Mohd Fadzli Abdollah ◽

Hilmi Amiruddin ◽

Noreffendy Tamaldin ◽

Nur Rashid Mat Nuri

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽

Fuel Efficiency ◽

Tribological Performance ◽

Engine Oil ◽

Wear Scar Diameter ◽

Engine Wear ◽

The Coefficient Of Friction ◽

Al2o3 Nanoparticle ◽

Nanoparticle Additives

Nanotechnology currently has an important role in reducing engine wear and improving fuel efficiency within engines using nanoparticle additives in engine oil. In this work, the effect of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticle additives, on the tribological performance of SAE 15W40 diesel engine oil, was studied. A tribological test was conducted using a four-ball tribotester. The results show that the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate of the ball reduced significantly by dispersing hBN nanoparticle additives in SAE 15W40 diesel engine oil; compared to without or with Al2O3 nanoparticle additives. This is in accordance with the significant reduction of wear scar diameter and smoother worn surfaces observed on the balls.

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OPTIMIZATION OF WASTE MOTOR OIL IN SHIP DIESEL WITH HIGH BOOST BY WEAR CRITERION

VESTNIK OF ASTRAKHAN STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY SERIES MARINE ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGIES ◽

10.24143/2073-1574-2018-3-78-86 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 78-86

Author(s):

Maxim Igorevich Tarasov ◽

Georgy Alexandrovich Gauk ◽

Liudmila Anatolievna Semeniuk

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Internal Combustion Engine ◽

Combustion Engine ◽

Internal Combustion ◽

Optimal Level ◽

Engine Oil ◽

Resource Saving ◽

Engine Wear ◽

The Impact

The results of modeling the impact of oil burning on the condition of the ship forced trunk piston diesel engine when using lubricants with different operating properties. The dependence of wear rate on oil fume, the quality of used lubricants and marine diesel forcing is obtained by modeling wear using the theory of planning experiments. The area of minimal wear has been determined. There has been detected the most efficient waste oil providing favorable conditions for resource-saving operation of the internal combustion engine. It is inferred that reduction of engine oil fume changes the main parameters of its aging. At the same time, the intensity of oil aging in main directions and of engine wear reduce from 0.75 to 2.25 g/(kW∙h), whereas the fume increases. Its further increase is accompanied by an increase in the rate of oil aging and engine wear. The detected "fracture" depending on И( g y) after passing the border g yopt = 2.25-2.5 g/(kW∙h) is stipulated by different ratio of oil exchange in the lubrication system and the ingress of gases into the crankcase. There has been determined the degree of oil burning, at which sludging and lacquer formation of the internal combustion engine is least intense. The smallest carbon deposits on pistons and in the crankcase of the engine can be observed when the diesel engine is operating in the zone of optimal carbonation. Experimentally, the dependence of tribotechnical properties, in particular, wear of insoluble products of oil aging has been detected at different degrees of oil burning. It is revealed that these characteristics also depend on the quality of the used fuels and lubricants and the conditions of formation and turnover of the oil film on the mirror of the cylinder, the thermal effect on it of the engine workflow. The result of simulation is the prediction of resource-saving operation of marine trunk diesel engines by maintaining oil fume at the optimal level.

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Pretreatment techniques for particle-size analysis of dust samples from high volume sampler filter papers

Journal of Sedimentary Research ◽

10.1306/d42679ab-2b26-11d7-8648000102c1865d ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 729-731 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

L. Kiefert ◽

G. H. McTainsh ◽

W. G. Nickling

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

High Volume ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Filter Papers ◽

High Volume Sampler

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Upper Pleistocene–Holocene in the continental slope of the Cará Basin: an integrated analysis based on planktic foraminifera, sedimentological and geochemical aspects

Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia ◽

10.4072/rbp.2021.3.02 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 179-194

Author(s):

Agathe Arrissa Noucoucouk ◽

Robbyson Mendes Melo ◽

George Satander Sá Freire ◽

Eldemar de Albuquerque Menor

Keyword(s):

Continental Slope ◽

Cold Water ◽

High Volume ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Ocean Basin ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Integrated Analysis ◽

Planktic Foraminifera ◽

Upper Pleistocene

This research addresses paleoclimatic variations using sedimentological, geochemical, and planktic foraminifera. The study was carried out in a survey core (ANP 1011) collected on the continental slope of the Icaraí Sub-basin (Ceará Basin), on the coast of the Municipality of Itapipoca, CE, Brazil. Particle size analysis, CaCO3 content, Ti/Ca and Fe/Ca ratios, and the analysis of foraminifera associations for biostratigraphic purposes were performed. Based on the relative abundance of planktic foraminifera, with indicators of warm and cold water throughout the studied cores, two biozones (Y: Upper Pleistocene and Z: Holocene), and two subzones (Z2 and Z1) were recognized. The data of sedimentological markers obtained confirmed the occurrence of more wet phases in northeastern Brazil during the early stages of the Holocene. The Ti/Ca and Fe/Ca ratios, as well as the geochemical and micropaleontological proxies, indicated a farther north displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the Pleistocene–Holocene transition. This may have caused greater precipitation in the Northeastern region of Brazil, effectuating the entry of a high volume of terrestrial sediments directly into the ocean basin. Keywords: Quaternary biostratigraphy, marine sedimentation, ITCZ mobility, paleoclimate.

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Low-Cost System Based on Optical Sensor to Monitor Discharge of Industrial Oil in Irrigation Ditches

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21165449 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (16) ◽

pp. 5449

Author(s):

Daniel A. Basterrechea ◽

Javier Rocher ◽

Lorena Parra ◽

Jaime Lloret

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Light Source ◽

Optical Sensor ◽

Gasoline Engine ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Engine Oil ◽

Sensing Element ◽

Worst Case ◽

Blue Led ◽

Red Led

Uncontrolled dumping linked to agricultural vehicles causes an increase in the incorporation of oils into the irrigation system. In this paper, we propose a system based on an optical sensor to monitor oil concentration in the irrigation ditches. Our prototype is based on the absorption and dispersion of light. As a light source, we use Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) with different colours (white, yellow, blue, green, and red) and a photodetector as a sensing element. To test the sensor’s performance, we incorporate industrial oils used by a diesel or gasoline engine, with a concentration from 0 to 0.20 mLoil/cm2. The experiment was carried out at different water column heights, 0 to 20 cm. According to our results, the sensor can differentiate between the presence or absence of diesel engine oil with any LED. For gasoline engine oil, the sensor quantifies its concentration using the red light source; concentrations greater than 0.1 mLoil/cm2 cannot be distinguished. The data gathered using the red LED has an average absolute error of 0.003 mLoil/cm2 (relative error of 15.8%) for the worst case, 15 cm. Finally, the blue LED generates different signals in the photodetector according to the type of oil. We developed an algorithm that combines (i) the white LED, to monitor the presence of oil; (ii) the blue LED, to identify if the oil comes from a gasoline or diesel engine; and (iii) the red LED, to monitor the concentration of oil used by a gasoline engine.

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Development and Characterization of Mg-SiC Nanocomposite Powders Synthesized by Mechanical Milling

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.165 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 742 ◽

pp. 165-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Daniela Penther ◽

Claudia Fleck ◽

Alireza Ghasemi ◽

Ralf Riedel ◽

Sepideh Kamrani

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Milling ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

High Volume ◽

Average Diameter ◽

High Energy ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Milling Process ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Magnesium Matrix ◽

Nanocomposite Powders

Magnesium powder in micron scale and various volume fractions of SiC particles with an average diameter of 50 nm were co-milled by a high energy planetary ball mill for up to 25 h to produce Mg-SiC nanocomposite powders. The milled Mg-SiC nanocomposite powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser particle size analysis (PSA) to study morphological evolutions. Furthermore, XRD, TEM, EDAX and SEM analyses were performed to investigate the microstructure of the magnesium matrix and distribution of SiC-reinforcement. It was shown that with addition of and increase in SiC nanoparticle content, finer particles with narrower size distribution are obtained after mechanical milling. The morphology of these particles also became more equiaxed at shorter milling times. The microstructural observation revealed that the milling process ensured uniform distribution of SiC nanoparticles in the magnesium matrix even with a high volume fraction, up to 10 vol%.

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