Mechanochemical Activation of Polymetallic Ore and Further Selective Floatation

2020 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Olena Svietkina ◽  
Kostiantyn Bas ◽  
Jamil Haddad ◽  
Kyrylo Ziborov ◽  
Valentyna Olishevska
Keyword(s):  
Interlayer Space ◽  
Mechanochemical Activation ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Octahedral Layer ◽  
First Case ◽  
Loose Packing ◽  
Elementary Constituent ◽  
Chlorhydric Acid ◽  
Polymetallic Ore

It has been demonstrated that shock-vibrating activation of minerals is a prospective method to impact the ore; it may be used to intensify chemical and physical-chemical processes of mineral raw material processing and preparation. Differences in the composition and phase properties, obtained both in terms of continuous and periodic modes, are in the fact that in the first case loadings deal with interlayer space preserving layered nature of the mineral. When the mode is continuous, then the disturbances cover the octahedral layer though elementary constituent – tetrahedrons – are preserved. It has emerged that the most important advantage of high reacting capability of activated minerals is in the fact that leaching of some ores may be performed in chlorhydric acid at the expense of transformation of some silicate components into a specific state – loose packing of basic silicate chain. Consequently, shock-vibrating activation has become a basis to develop a method of leaching process intensification as well as a method to control phase formation.

The Chemical Decontamination Process Intensification, using Ultrasounds

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Pantru ◽  
Gheorghit Jinescu ◽  
Rozalia R�dulescu ◽  
Antoneta Filcenco Olteanu ◽  
Cosmin Jinescu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Sulphuric Acid Solution ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Chemical Decontamination ◽  
First Case ◽  
Ultrasound Field ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Main Factors

This paper presents an intensive procedure used for the decontamination of the soils, which were radioactively contaminated by uranium, due to the occurrence of some antropic accidents, in order to limit the area�s pollution. The procedure used for the chemical decontamination of the polluted soils was the washing one and the decontamination degree is comparatively presented depending on the ultrasounds� presence and absence. The lab testes were performed on five types of soils , which were characterized from the granulometric, structural and chemical composition viewpoint, all these aspects represent the main factors, which determine the applied decontamination procedure�s limits and performances correlated with its utilization costs. The decontamination procedure�s kinetics for each type of soils was analyzed, using successively three different types of reagents (water, 0.1 M sulphuric acid solution and chloro-sodic solution � 100 g/L sodium chloride + 10 g/L sodium carbonate in water) for a solid to liquid ratio of 1:2, during 2 h, at a temperature of 20oC in a mechanic stirring system respectively in ultrasounds field. It was observed that the decontamination degree increases with up to 15-20% in case of the ultrasound field utilization comparing to the first case.

scholarly journals Renewable Biomass Utilization: A Way Forward to Establish Sustainable Chemical and Processing Industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-259
Author(s):  
Yadhu N. Guragain ◽  
Praveen V. Vadlani
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Biomass Feedstocks ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Sustainability Criteria ◽  
Biomass Component ◽  
Biomass Resources ◽  
Multiple Challenges

Lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks are promising alternatives to fossil fuels for meeting raw material needs of processing industries and helping transit from a linear to a circular economy and thereby meet the global sustainability criteria. The sugar platform route in the biochemical conversion process is one of the promising and extensively studied methods, which consists of four major conversion steps: pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, and product purification. Each of these conversion steps has multiple challenges. Among them, the challenges associated with the pretreatment are the most significant for the overall process because this is the most expensive step in the sugar platform route and it significantly affects the efficiency of all subsequent steps on the sustainable valorization of each biomass component. However, the development of a universal pretreatment method to cater to all types of feedstock is nearly impossible due to the substantial variations in compositions and structures of biopolymers among these feedstocks. In this review, we have discussed some promising pretreatment methods, their processing and chemicals requirements, and the effect of biomass composition on deconstruction efficiencies. In addition, the global biomass resources availability and process intensification ideas for the lignocellulosic-based chemical industry have been discussed from a circularity and sustainability standpoint.

Epiphanies of alterity: drive

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Stanghellini
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
External World ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
First Case

This chapter explains that we encounter alterity in two main domains: in ourselves, and in the external world. In the first case alterity is in the involuntary dimension of ourselves, as (for instance) our un-chosen ‘character’, including needs, desires, emotions, and habits. In the external world, alterity is encountered in the challenging otherness of the events and in the meetings with other persons that constellate our life. This involuntary dimension of my being the person that I am includes what is a priori given in my existence, the raw material that constitutes the sedimented dispositions of my being and sets the boundaries of my freedom. The roots of the involuntary are my history, my body, and the world into which I am thrown. A relevant part of the involuntary is drive. Drive is the principle of all obscurity in my will. Its two basic profiles are need and desire.

Greenhouse gas emissions reduction by process intensification: Reactive distillation column with side decanter

2020 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2093768
Author(s):  
Alexandra-Elena Plesu Popescu ◽  
Jordi Bonet ◽  
Joan Llorens
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Equilibrium ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Distillation Column ◽  
Reactive Distillation ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Heat Of Reaction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Total Reflux

Direct hydration of cyclohexene to produce cyclohexanol is the industrial process with a lower raw material cost but with a quite expensive process. Large energy consumption is consequence of large cyclohexene recycle related with its unfavourable chemical equilibrium. This study corroborates that the Asahi process is a good candidate for intensification avoiding the cyclohexene recycle. Rigorous simulation shows that a single reactive distillation column, with a side decanter, operated at total reflux, allows overcoming the chemical equilibrium limitations as the product is continuously collected by the column bottoms and the heat of reaction is directly used to separate the product by distillation. The novel process is studied and compared to the classical Asahi process. An energy comparison with the available processes proposed in the literature is performed. Therefore, achieving more energy-efficient processes leads to lowering their environmental impact, thus decreasing the carbon dioxide emissions. Applying the proposed methodology for cyclohexanol production, more than 67,000 t CO2/y emissions can be avoided compared to the nowadays used classical process, thus the potential savings applying process intensification to the chemical industry are very large and worth further investigation.

MECHANOCHEMICAL ACTIVATION IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF GYPSUM RAW PROCESSING

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P SUChKOV
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Mechanochemical Activation ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Recrystallization Process

There has been offered the technology for getting high-strength gypsum binder on the bases of the macroexamination of natural gypsum recrystallization process with hydrothermal treatment. Mechanochemical activation of raw material allows to cut the time and to low the temperature of autoclaving and to avoid the binders grinding.

Study on Preparation and Interlayer Ion State of Fe/Ni Pillared Motmorillonite

2013 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
pp. 267-272
Author(s):  
Xi Xi Zhu ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Wei Jia Gao
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Interlayer Space ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pillared Montmorillonite ◽  
Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium

Fe/Ni pillared montmorillonite is synthesized by precursor method. Organic pillared montmorillonite is prepared first by ion exchange with Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) using Ca-montmorillonite as raw material after pretreatment. Fe/Ni pillaring agents is prepared by copolymerization method. Then the Fe/Ni pillared montmorillonite is synthesized through ion exchanging and calcining. The structural changes and thermostability were studied through X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence analysis, infrared spectroscopy and TG. analysis. The concentration of CTAB has a significant effect on interlayer space height of momtmorillonite, which can reach 3.9756nm when the concentration is 3CEC. The interlayer space height of Fe/Ni pillared montmorillonite can reach 2.4001nm when when n (Fe3+):n (Ni2+) is equal to 7:3, and it remains 1.7876nm after calcined at 400°C for 2h. This indicates that thermostability is good. Pillaring agents embedded into montmorillonite interlayer, and bonding reaction happened between the skeleton of montmorillonite ([Si4O10]n) and pillaring agents, which forms the bonding of Si-M (Fe or Ni).

Hybrid membrane operations in water desalination and industrial process rationalisation

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 293-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Drioli ◽  
G. Di Profio ◽  
E. Curcio
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Process ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
Membrane Science

Membrane science and technology are recognized today as powerful tools in resolving some important global problems, and developing newer industrial processes, needed from the imperative of sustainable industrial growth. In seawater desalination, for resolving the dramatic increase of freshwater demand in many regions of the world, membrane unitary operations or the combination of some of them in integrated systems are already a real means for producing water from the sea, at lower costs and minimum environmental impact, with a very interesting prospective in particular for poor economy countries. However, membranes are used or are becoming used in some important industrial fields, for developing more efficient productive cycles, with reduced waste of raw-material, reducing the polluting charge by controlling byproduct generation, and reducing overall costs. In the present paper, other than for seawater desalination applications, some industrial applications where membrane technology has led already to match the goal of process intensification are discussed.

scholarly journals Sulfuric Acid Leaching of Altered Ilmenite Using Thermal, Mechanical and Chemical Activation

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
Anastasiia V. Dubenko ◽  
Mykola V. Nikolenko ◽  
Andrii Kostyniuk ◽  
Blaž Likozar
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sharp Constant ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Leaching ◽  
H2so4 Concentration ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of the sulfuric acid leaching of altered ilmenite, mechanisms, and process intensification methods were studied. The effect of changing the chemical composition during grinding was determined. The content of ilmenite and pseudorutile decreased from 5.3% to 3.1% and from 90.2% to 63.1%, respectively. Rutile increased from 4.5% to 28.7%, while a pseudobrookite new phase appeared in the amount of 5.1% after 2 h of grinding. It was found that the modification of raw material by sulfuric acid led to the increase of the decomposition rate, and at the same time, decreased when the ore was utilized due to an increase of insoluble TiO2 content. Isothermal conditions were evaluated with H2SO4 concentration varying from 50 to 96%. The data obtained were described with the approximation of the contracting sphere model. It was shown for the first time that H2SO4 > 85 wt% causes a sharp constant decrease of titanium. Correlating these phenomena allows for the consideration of H2SO4·H2O as reagents, rather than H2SO4 molecules. It was experimentally proven that at a temperature above 190 °C, the Ti leaching degree dropped, which is explained by the formation of polymerized TiOSO4. Finally, it was shown that adding NaF reduced the activation energy to 45 kJ/mol.

Study on Organic Modified of Montmorillonite by Corrosion Inhibitor of Quaternary Ammonium Salts

2013 ◽  
Vol 669 ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Guo Sheng ◽  
Ping Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Interlayer Space ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ion Exchange Method

A series of organic montomorilonite were prepared by using Sodium monanorilonite(Na-MMT) as raw material and quaternary ammonium salts with different chain long as intercalation agents by the way of ion exchange method. Weightlessness experiment showed that intercalated agents could alleviate the corrosion of metal. The MMT and organic MMT (OMMT) were identified by infrared spectra (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that intercalation agents had intercalated into the interlayer space of MMT, and the spacing of MMT layers had increased from 1.51 nm to 2.94 nm.

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