The Ternary Blends of TPS/PBAT/PLA Films: A Study on the Morphological and Mechanical Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 861 ◽  
pp. 170-175
Author(s):  
Supanut Phattarateera ◽  
Nantaya Junsook ◽  
Pramote Kumsang ◽  
Ajcharaporn Aontee ◽  
Noppadon Kerddonfag
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Ternary Blend ◽  
Ternary Blends ◽  
Binary Blend ◽  
Soil Burial Test ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Screw Design ◽  
Twin Screw

This study investigated the effect of polylactic acid (PLA) on the mechanical properties and biodegradability of a ternary blend comprising of thermoplastic starch (TPS), Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and PLA. The binary blend (TPS/PBAT) and ternary blend (TPS/PBAT/PLA) with various contents of PLA were prepared through a twin-screw compounding using an intensive mixing screw design. In order to observe the microstructure in blends, the SEM observation revealed the two types of morphology in the blends including (1) some TPS domain that still remained immiscible in all blends and (2) the partially compatible of binary and ternary blends. For the mechanical properties of the blends, the addition of the PLA component led to an improvement of the tensile strength and modulus. For the simple soil burial test, it found that binary film was fully disintegrated within one month, whereas the ternary blend films were also broken down but still remained in small pieces of fragile films. Finally, it can be suggested that the presence of TPS brought to the biodegradation of blends in soil burial test, while incorporating with PLA led to retardation in degradation rate.

Characterization and Properties of Nucleated Polylactide, Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate), and Thermoplastic Starch Ternary Blend Films: Effects of Compatibilizer and Starch

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 673-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Worasak Phetwarotai ◽  
Duangdao Aht-Ong
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Ternary Blend ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Flexible Polymer ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Biodegradable ternary blend films of nucleated polylactide (PLA), poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), and thermoplastic starch (TPS) with the presence of nucleating agent and compatibilizer were prepared via a twin screw extruder. The effects of compatibilizer types and starch contents on the thermal, morphological, and tensile properties of these blend films were evaluated. Two types of compatibilizer (methylene diphenyldiisocyanate (MDI) and polylactide-graft-maleic anhydride (PLA-g-MA)) were used for enhancing an interfacial adhesion of the blends, whereas TPS from tapioca starch was added as a filler at various concentrations (0 to 40 wt%). In addition, talc and PBAT acted as a nucleating agent and a flexible polymer were fixed at 1 phr and 10 wt%, respectively. The results indicated that the thermal stability of the blend films was affected from the presence of compatibilizer and TPS. In addition, the tensile properties and compatibility of PLA, PBAT, and TPS blends were improved with the addition of compatibilizer compared to uncompatibilized blend films as evidenced by SEM results. Furthermore, the blend films with MDI gave higher mechanical properties than those with PLA-g-MA at all compositions. The water absorption of the ternary blend films was evidently increased when the TPS amount was increased; in contrast, tensile strength and elongation at break (EB) of these blend films were significantly decreased.

Reactive Compatibilization of Polylactide, Thermoplastic Starch and Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Biodegradable Ternary Blend Films

2011 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 178-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Worasak Phetwarotai ◽  
Duangdao Aht-Ong
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Ternary Blend ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Reactive Compatibilization ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Reactive Modification ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate

Biodegradable blend films of polylactide (PLA), thermoplastic starch (TPS), and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) were prepared through reactive modification. Three types of compatibilizers, methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), maleic anhydride (MA), and MA-g-PE, were studied. PLA and PBAT were blended in the presence of the compatibilizer to improve and evaluate the interfacial interaction. PBAT content was varied from 0 to 20 wt%, while compatibilizer content was differed from 0 to 5 wt% based on PBAT amount. For ternary blending, PLA, TPS, and PBAT were melt-blended with and without compatibilizer in a twin screw extruder using glycerol and tapioca starch as plasticizer and filler, respectively. The effects of type and content of compatibilizer and blend compositions on the physical, thermal, morphological, and tensile properties of the films were investigated. The results showed that the blend films with MDI had appropriate physical, thermal, and tensile properties. The presence of small amount of MDI enhanced the thermal and tensile properties of the films compared to the uncompatibilized films. This can be explained by a uniform morphology of the dispersed phase in the PLA matrix.

Study on the effect of processing conditions on the mechanical properties of PP/PC/SEBS ternary blends using Taguchi experimental analysis

e-Polymers ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Moini Jazani ◽  
A. Arefazar ◽  
M.H. Beheshty
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Ternary Blend ◽  
Twin Screw Extruder ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Ternary Blends ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Twin Screw

AbstractIn this study, nine ternary polymer blends based on polypropylene (PP)/polycarbonate (PC)/styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene triblock copolymer (SEBS) with the same compositions (70%wt PP, 15%wt PC, 7.5%wt SEBS and 7.5%wt maleic-anhydride grafted SEBS (SEBS-g-MAH) as a compatibilizer) are prepared using twin screw extruder at different levels of die temperature (235-245- 255 °C), screw speed (70-100-130rpm) and blending sequence (M1-M2-M3) . In M1 procedure, all of the components are dry blended and extruded simultaneously using Brabender twin-screw extruder. In M2 procedure, PC, SEBS, and SEBS-g- MAH minor phases are first pre-blended in twin screw extruder and after granulating are added to PP continuous phase in twin screw extruder. Consequently, in M3 procedure, PP and SEBS-g-MAH are first pre-blended and then are extruded with other components. The influence of these parameters as processing conditions on mechanical properties of PP/PC/SEBS ternary blends is investigated using L9 Taghuchi experimental design. The responding variables are impact strength and tensile properties (young modulus and yield stress) which are influenced by the morphology of ternary blend and the results are used to perform the analysis of variance (ANOVA). It is shown that the resulted morphology, tensile and impact strength are influenced by extrusion variables. Additionally the optimum processing conditions of ternary PP/PC/SEBS blends from Taguchi analysis was achieved.

scholarly journals Chitosan/Gelatin/PVA Scaffolds for Beta Pancreatic Cell Culture

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2372
Author(s):  
Yesenia Sánchez-Cardona ◽  
Claudia E. Echeverri-Cuartas ◽  
Marta E. Londoño López ◽  
Natalia Moreno-Castellanos
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ternary Blend ◽  
Ternary Blends ◽  
Binary Blend ◽  
Pancreatic Cell ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Swelling Rate

Chitosan scaffolds based on blending polymers are a common strategy used in tissue engineering. The objective of this study was evaluation the properties of scaffolds based on a ternary blend of chitosan (Chi), gelatin (Ge), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (Chi/Ge/PVA), which were prepared by cycles of freeze-thawing and freeze-drying. It then was used for three-dimensional BRIN-BD11 beta-cells culturing. Weight ratios of Chi/Ge/PVA (1:1:1, 2:2:1, 2:3:1, and 3:2:1) were proposed and porosity, pore size, degradation, swelling rate, compressive strength, and cell viability analyzed. All ternary blend scaffolds structures are highly porous (with a porosity higher than 80%) and interconnected. The pore size distribution varied from 0.6 to 265 μm. Ternary blends scaffolds had controllable degradation rates compared to binary blend scaffolds, and an improved swelling capacity of the samples with increasing chitosan concentration was found. An increase in Young’s modulus and compressive strength was observed with increasing gelatin concentration. The highest compressive strength reached 101.6 Pa. The MTT assay showed that the ternary blends scaffolds P3 and P4 supported cell viability better than the binary blend scaffold. Therefore, these results illustrated that ternary blends scaffolds P3 and P4 could provide a better environment for BRIN-BD11 cell proliferation.

Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Starch-Based Bioplastics

2016 ◽  
Vol 846 ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Aina Ismail ◽  
Syuhada Mohd Tahir ◽  
Yahya Norihan ◽  
Muhamad Firdaus Abdul Wahid ◽  
Nur Ezzati Khairuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Soil Burial Test ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Starch Potato

This study was carried out to evaluate the potential of plastic synthesized using bio-based starch. The method began with extraction of starch from chosen tubers with high content of starch; potato and yam. The samples were first grated, grinded and strained to obtain crude starch, which then centrifuged and rinsed to get pure starch. The starch was then reacted with hydrochloric acid to breakdown amylopectin to prevent the starch from becoming plastic-like. Finally, propan-1,2,3-triol was added as a plasticizer to increase the elasticity of the product. The chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the products were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), tensile strength tester and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The FTIR spectra of the product displayed the presence of O-H, C-H, C=O and C-O absorption peaks, which indicate the formation of bioplastic has already occured. The tensile strength obtained for potato and yam starch-based bioplastic are 0.6 MPa and 1.9 MPa, respectively. The result gained from TGA showed that 50% weight loss occurred at 250°C for potato and 310°C for yam-based plastic. The highly biodegradability of the plastic was proven using soil burial test, which observed the percentage of soil biodegradation for potato and yam-based bioplastic in 1 week duration is 43% and 26%, respectively. These bio-based plastics have exhibited good thermal and mechanical properties with high biodegradability that makes them a suitable alternative for the existing conventional plastics.

Mechanical Properties of Poly(lactic acid) / Thermoplastic Starch Blends Crosslinked by Gamma Radiation

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 467-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siriruck Kalapakdee ◽  
Thirawudh Pongprayoon ◽  
Kasinee Hemvichian ◽  
Phiriyatorn Suwanmala ◽  
Wararat Kangsumrith
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Gel Fraction ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Starch Blends

This research aims to determine the influences of radiation-induced crosslinking on the mechanical properties of polymer blends between poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and thermoplastic starch (TPS). PLA and TPS were mixed at different ratios (90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40) in the presence of a crosslinking agent using a twin screw extruder. The blends were compression molded into films. The film samples were irradiated by gamma radiation at different doses. Gel fraction was used to determine crosslinking efficiency. Results showed that gamma radiation was able to induce crosslinking for PLA/TPS blends. The gel fraction and mechanical properties decreased with increasing TPS content. The optimum ratio of PLA:TPS with the maximum gel fraction and mechanical properties was 90:10 and the optimum dose was 40 kGy by gamma radiation.

Effect of PHB on the properties of biodegradable PLA blends

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Vanovčanová ◽  
Pavol Alexy ◽  
Jozef Feranc ◽  
Roderik Plavec ◽  
Ján Bočkaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Twin Screw Extruder ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Specific Storage ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Identical Material

AbstractBlends of biodegradable polymers polylactic acid/thermoplastic starch/polyhydroxybutyrate (PLA/TPS/PHB) were prepared using a twin-screw extruder. The TPS content was constant (50 %) and the PHB content in the blends was gradually changed from 0 mass % to 20 mass %. TPS was prepared by melting, where a mixture of native starch, water and glycerol was fed into the twin-screw extruder. Average temperature of extrusion was 180 °C and the concentration of glycerol was 40 mass %. Influence of the PHB concentration in the blend and that of the processing technology on the mechanical and rheological properties of the PLA/PHB composition containing TPS were studied. Mechanical properties were measured 24 h after the film and monofilament preparation and also after the specific storage time to study the effect of storage on the properties. The results indicate that differences in morphology strongly influence the mechanical properties of the studied materials with identical material composition.

Synergistic effect of silane cross-linker (APTEOS) on PVA/gelatin blend films for packaging applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 095400832199465
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zeeshan ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan Dilshad ◽  
Atif Islam ◽  
Sadia Sagar Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Sarfraz Akram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
High Tensile Strength ◽  
Optimum Amount ◽  
Soil Burial Test ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Degree Of Swelling ◽  
Cross Linker ◽  
Hydrogel Films

The objective of this work is to fabricate hydrogel films which are biodegradable and also fit for packaging applications. The hydrogel films were prepared by the reaction of polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin with and without 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTEOS) cross-linker. The hydrogel films were then characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, degree of swelling, TGA, SEM analysis and mechanical testing. The FTIR spectra of the hydrogel films confirmed the presence of both polymers and hydrogen bonding between them. TGA analysis confirmed the increase in thermal stability with the increase of cross-linker amount. SEM analysis confirmed the increase in uniformity of structure with the increase of cross-linker amount. The increase in cross-linker amount resulted in decrease of degree of swelling and increase of tensile strength. The biodegradability of hydrogel films was evaluated by performing soil burial test and found to be decreased with the increase of cross-linker amount. In order to balance the tensile strength and biodegradability, the optimum amount of cross-linker was determined which resulted in the formation of the best performing film. Finally, our best performing film was compared with other hydrogel films reported in the literature. Hence, the hydrogel films cross-linked with APTEOS are biodegradable, having high tensile strength and suitable for packaging purpose.

scholarly journals Characterization and Biodegradability of Rice Husk-Filled Polymer Composites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Saw Yin Yap ◽  
Srimala Sreekantan ◽  
Mohd Hassan ◽  
Kumar Sudesh ◽  
Ming Thong Ong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Soil Burial Test ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Hydrophilic Nature ◽  
Polybutylene Succinate ◽  
Competitive Pricing

The fabrication of affordable biodegradable plastics remains a challenging issue for both the scientific community and industries as mechanical properties and biodegradability improve at the expense of the high cost of the material. Hence, the present work deals with fabrication and characterization of biodegradable polymer with 40% rice husk waste filler and 60% polymer-containing mixture of polybutylene succinate (PBS) and poly butylenes adipate-Co-terephthalate (PBAT) to achieve good mechanical properties, 92% biodegradation in six months, and competitive pricing. The challenge in incorporating high amounts of hydrophilic nature filler material into hydrophobic PBS/PBAT was addressed by adding plasticizers such as glycerol and calcium stearate. The compatibilizers such as maleic anhydride (MA) and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) was used to improve the miscibility between hydrophobic PBS/PBAT and hydrophilic filler material. The component with the formulation of 24:36:40 (PBS/PBAT/TPRH) possessed the tensile strength of 14.27 MPa, modulus of 200.43 MPa, and elongation at break of 12.99%, which was suitable for the production of molded products such as a tray, lunch box, and straw. The obtained composite polymer achieved 92% mass loss after six months of soil burial test confirming its biodegradability.

Effects of Dynamic Vulcanization on Properties of Polypropylene/Natural Rubber/Thermoplastic Starch Blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
S.M. Hazwan ◽  
A.W.M. Kahar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Dynamic Vulcanization ◽  
Soil Burial Test ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Starch Blends ◽  
Biodegradable Properties

The effects of thermoplastic starch (TPS) loading on polypropylene (PP)/natural rubber (NR) blend vulcanized with N, N’-m-phenylene bismaleimide (HVA-2) were investigated. Thermoplastic starch ratios was varied at 5%,10%,20% and 30% weight percentage in order to imparted biodegradable properties into PP/NR blends. The study has focused on the thermoplastic starch loading and blend’s modification on the mechanical properties, morphology and biodegradable properties of PP/NR blends. This study showed that the tensile properties of the PP/NR blends were deteriorated with increasing in TPS content. The dynamic vulcanization by using HVA-2 crosslinker was applied on the blends in order to compensate the deterioration properties caused by incorporation of TPS. According to the results, the HVA-2 crosslinker showed the increasing in tensile properties as well as better morphology analysis as compared to unvulcanized counterparts. On top of that, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studied also found that the interfacial adhesion and dispersion of TPS was improved upon HVA-2 vulcanized in PP/NR blends. Microscope images after soil burial test show that the HVA-2 crosslinker has delayed the biodegradability of PP/NR/TPS blends.

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