The Critical Temperature of N-Nitro-Dihydroxyethylami Nitration Reaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 881 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Peng Gang Jin ◽  
Song Tao Ren ◽  
Hong Tao Xu ◽  
Xi Bo Jiang ◽  
Hong Bin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Process Safety ◽  
Thermal Safety ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Energy Material ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Safety Studies ◽  
Critical Ignition ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The nitration reaction is one kind of important reaction in many synthetic chemical reactions. The reaction with a high temperature releases a lot of heat and is easy to get out of control. The energetic materials is the main ingredients of the reaction mixture in late of nitrification of energy-containing materials, the accident about burn or rapid energy release will happen once the reaction is out of hand. There are so many thermal safety studies of energy materials, but the thermal safety research about energy material nitrification production line is not reported. Using the designed multi-scale energy material test, the thermal stability of DINA (N-Nitro-dihydroxyethylami) nitration reaction mixture was studied. The critical ignition temperature about different scale was obtained, and this temperature can be used as the base of enterprise process safety design.

scholarly journals Recent advances on thermal safety characterization of energetic materials

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Hsu ◽  
S. A. Strout ◽  
G. L. Klunder ◽  
E. M. Kahl ◽  
N. K. Muetterties ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Thermal Safety ◽  
Recent Advances

scholarly journals Effect of boron on HEM radiant ignition characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 2057 (1) ◽  
pp. 012062
Author(s):  
A G Korotkikh ◽  
I V Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Ignition Temperature ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Radiant Heating ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
High Energy Materials ◽  
Bimetallic Systems ◽  
Critical Ignition ◽  
Boron Particles ◽  
Ignition Characteristics

Abstract The paper presents the ignition characteristics of high-energy materials (HEMs) containing ammonium perchlorate, butadiene rubber, and a mixture of Al/B nanopowders with different component ratios. Bimetallic systems based on aluminum with boron increase the reactivity and intensify the ignition of boron particles, which helps to decrease the critical ignition conditions of HEMs during heating. It is shown that the use of systems based on aluminum-boron reduces the delay time (by 17–52 %) and the ignition temperature of propellants in comparison with a HEM containing aluminum powder, and increases the activation energy of HEM during radiant heating.

Multi-scale thermal stability of niobate-based lead-free piezoceramics with large piezoelectricity

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (34) ◽  
pp. 8780-8787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Song Zhou ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Fang-Zhou Yao ◽  
Ting Zheng ◽  
Jiagang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Multi-scale thermal stability of (K,Na)NbO3-based perovskites with a high d33 of 430 pC N−1 is investigated, revealing the origin of its large piezoelectricity.

Stabilization of an intramolecular hydrogen-bond block in an s-triazine insensitive high-energy material

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (27) ◽  
pp. 10675-10679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Shucun Wang ◽  
Longyu Liao ◽  
Qing Ma ◽  
Zhenqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
High Energy Materials ◽  
Energy Material ◽  
High Energy Material ◽  
Intramolecular Hydrogen

A unique intramolecular hydrogen-bond block was stabilized in s-triazine insensitive high-energy materials with face-to-face stacking.

Preclinical Safety Profile of Brimonidine

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.V. Angelov ◽  
A.G. Wiese ◽  
D.D. Tang-Liu ◽  
A.A. Acheampong ◽  
I.M. Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Profile ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Drug ◽  
Organ Toxicity ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Safety Studies ◽  
Pharmacologic Effect ◽  
Excellent Safety Profile

Brimonidine is a selective α2-adrenergic agonist developed for lowering intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients. Since brimonidine will be used in long-term theraphy, the safety of this drug is an important feature for its clinical success. Brimonidine has been evaluated in a number of safety studies using doses much greater than those in humans. In this paper chronic and carcinogenicity studies are presented. The results of the 6-month ocular/systemic study in rabbits and the 1-year ocular/systemic study in monkeys with 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8% brimonidine ophthalmic formulations showed no ocular or organ toxicity. The highest concentration of 0.8% used in rabbits and monkeys resulted in plasma drug concentrations of 95 (Cmax) and 10 (C2hr) times, respectively, higher than those seen in humans following topical dosing. Dose-related transient exaggerated pharmacologic effects of sedation were observed in the 1-year oral study in monkeys without any organ toxicity. The dose that elicited an apparent pharmacologic effect produced a plasma drug concentration that was approximately 115 times higher than that in humans. In 2-year carcinogenicity studies in mice and rats using doses that produced plasma concentrations 77 and 118 times, respectively, higher than those seen in humans, no oncogenic effect was observed. Based on the extensive safety research on brimonidine, it was concluded that this drug has an excellent safety profile.

1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TITNB) from benzene: Balancing performance and high thermal stability of functional energetic materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 378 ◽  
pp. 122119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Zhao ◽  
Chunlin He ◽  
Dheeraj Kumar ◽  
Joseph P. Hooper ◽  
Gregory H. Imler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
High Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Al/HTPB Composite for High Energetic Materials

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2222
Author(s):  
Alexander Vorozhtsov ◽  
Marat Lerner ◽  
Nikolay Rodkevich ◽  
Sergei Sokolov ◽  
Elizaveta Perchatkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Slow Heating ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Nanosized Powders ◽  
The Cost

Nanosized Al (nAl) powders offer increased reactivity than the conventional micron-sized counterpart, thanks to their reduced size and increased specific surface area. While desirable from the combustion viewpoint, this high reactivity comes at the cost of difficult handling and implementation of the nanosized powders in preparations. The coating with hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) is proposed to improve powder handling and ease of use of nAl and to limit its sensitivity to aging. The nAl/HTPB composite can be an intermediate product for the subsequent manufacturing of mixed high-energy materials while maintaining the qualities and advantages of nAl. In this work, experimental studies of the high-energy mixture nAl/HTPB are carried out. The investigated materials include two composites: nAl (90 wt.%) + HTPB (10 wt.%) and nAl (80 wt.%) + HTPB (20 wt.%). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is performed from 30 to 1000 °C at slow heating rate (10 °C/min) in inert (Ar) and oxidizing (air) environment. The combustion characteristics of propellant formulations loaded with conventional and HTPB-coated nAl are analyzed and discussed. Results show the increased burning rate performance of nAl/HTPB-loaded propellants over the counterpart loaded with micron-sized Al.

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