Investigation of the Recyclability and Compostability of Biopolymers Contaminated by Petroleum-Based Polymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Dániel Gere ◽  
Ferenc Ronkay ◽  
Tibor Czigány
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Twin Screw Extrusion ◽  
Blown Films ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Screw Extrusion ◽  
Twin Screw

Nowadays, we can choose a carrier bag made of traditional LDPE or a biodegradable polymer to pack vegetables, bakery products, and other products in more and more shops. However, the customers and the selective waste collection system are not yet prepared for the separate collection of compostable biopolymers. Therefore, they are mixed in the plastic waste stream. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the mechanical and optical properties, and the compostability of different low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) compounds. We made different compounds from LDPE and PBAT by twin-screw extrusion and blown films from the regranulates. We investigated the tensile and optical properties and the biodegradability of the blown films. The tensile test showed that the "contaminants" had a more significant effect on elongation at break than tensile strength. We observed that the haze of the LDPE-based blends increased with an increasing weight fraction of PBAT. We found that PBAT-based samples were completely disintegrated in 42 days, regardless of the weight fraction of LDPE.

Self-Extinguishing and Non-Drip Flame Retardant Polyamide 6 Nanocomposite: Mechanical, Thermal, and Combustion Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wu ◽  
Rogelio Ortiz ◽  
Renan De Azevedo Correa ◽  
Mourad Krifa ◽  
Joseph H. Koo
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Twin Screw Extrusion ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Combustion Behavior ◽  
Screw Extrusion ◽  
Twin Screw

AbstractIncorporation of flame-retardant (FR) additives and nanoclay fillers into thermoplastic polymers effectively suppresses materials flammability and melt dripping behavior. However, it largely affects other properties, such as toughness and ductility. In order to recover the lost toughness and ductility of flame retardant polyamide 6, various loadings of maleic anhydride modified SEBS elastomer were added and processed by twin screw extrusion. TEM images showed exfoliated nanoclay platelets and reveals that the clay platelets well dispersed in the polymer matrix. By balancing the ratio of flame retardants, nanoclay and elastomers, formulation with elongation at break as high as 76% was achieved. Combining conventional intumescent FR and nanoclay, UL-94 V-0 rating and the LOI value as high as 32.2 were achieved. In conclusion, effective self-extinguishing and non-drip polyamide 6 nanocomposite formulations with significant improvement in toughness and ductility were achieved.

Morphology-Crystallinity Relationship in PLA-PHBV Blends Prepared via Extrusion

2013 ◽  
Vol 554-557 ◽  
pp. 1707-1714
Author(s):  
Alain Guinault ◽  
Gaelle Dutarte ◽  
Majdi Boufarguine ◽  
Guillaume Miquelard-Garnier ◽  
Cyrille Sollogoub
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Twin Screw Extrusion ◽  
Gas Barrier ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Screw Extrusion ◽  
Twin Screw

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable thermoplastic polyester derived from renewable resources which may replace conventional polymers for some applications. To overcome some of its limitations such as poor gas barrier properties and low elongation at break, one method is to blend PLA with small amounts of other bio-based polymers. In this study, two processes, eg classical twin screw extrusion and a multilayer co-extrusion process have been used to combine PLA and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-valerate) PHBV to obtain films with different blend morphologies. The effect of the morphology on the crystallinity has been studied and has hightlightned new behavior of PHBV. The addition of a nucleating agent in the PHBV to modify its crystallinity, has also been studied.

Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Based Composites Reinforced with B4C

2013 ◽  
Vol 685 ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Sinan Dike ◽  
Harun Mindivan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Scratch Resistance ◽  
Twin Screw Extrusion ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Screw Extrusion ◽  
Twin Screw

The present work aims to compare the mechanical properties of Polypropylene (PP) based composites reinforced with B4C. Maleic Anhydride Modified Polypropylene (MAPP) was added to improve the B4C-matrix interphase. Processing has been carried out by twin-screw extrusion and injection molding. By adding the B4C particles to the PP and PP+MAPP matrix, the yield strength, shore D hardness, microhardness and relative scratch resistance increased gradually, but PP+MAPP/B4C composites showed better overall mechanical properties than the PP/B4C composites. However, elongation at break values occurred for all composites dropped with the B4C content, and PP+MAPP/B4C composites exhibited lower elongations at break than PP/B4C composites.

Rubber toughened flame retardant (FR) polyamide 11 nanocomposites Part 1: the effect of SEBS-g-MA elastomer and nanoclay

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wu ◽  
Rogelio Ortiz ◽  
Joseph H. Koo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Twin Screw Extrusion ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Polyamide 11 ◽  
Release Capacity ◽  
Screw Extrusion ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Heat Release Capacity

Abstract The objective of this research is to develop a multifunctional polyamide 11 (PA11) with balanced thermal, mechanical, and flammability properties for SLS. In this study, two sets of formulations were prepared by twin-screw extrusion: the first set examined the effect of maleic anhydride modified elastomers on flammability and the mechanical properties, whereas the second set added various amount of nanoclay and discussed thermal stability, flammability and mechanical properties. The addition of 20 wt.% elastomer brought the elongation at break up to 40%. Reduction in heat release capacity as high as 49% was achieved, all nanocomposite samples passed UL 94 V-1 rating. The addition of nanoclay improved the tensile modulus by up to 78%, the elongation at break for all the formulations were negatively affected by the addition of flame retardant and nanoclay.

Mechanical and Thermal Behaviors of the Acrylic Based Core-Shell Rubber Modified Poly(Lactic Acid)

2011 ◽  
Vol 306-307 ◽  
pp. 340-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawadon Petchwattana ◽  
Sirijutaratana Covavisaruch ◽  
Nukul Euapanthasate
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Twin Screw Extrusion ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Screw Extrusion ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
The Impact

Toughening of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biopolymer by particles of acrylic based core-shell rubber (CSR) was conducted to observe the influences of the rubber contents on the properties of the modified PLA. A series of PLA specimens modified with the CSR by 0.1-10 wt% was prepared by twin screw extrusion and injection. Diminishing brittleness was reflected in the dramatic increment of both the impact strength by threefolds and the elongation at break by fifteenfolds when CSR was employed by 10 wt%. The toughening was also accompanied with a decrease in the tensile modulus and strength. At low loading, the added CSR by 0.5wt% also assisted crystallization of the PLA by slightly lowering the crystallization temperature, allowing decreased processing time and improving the degree of crystallinity of the generally difficult to crystallize PLA.

scholarly journals In-Line Rheo-Optical Investigation of the Dispersion of Organoclay in a Polymer Matrix during Twin-Screw Compounding

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2128
Author(s):  
Paulo F. Teixeira ◽  
José A. Covas ◽  
Loïc Hilliou
Keyword(s):  
Local Heating ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposite ◽  
Structural Rearrangement ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Optical Investigation ◽  
Twin Screw Extrusion ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Clay Dispersion ◽  
Screw Extrusion ◽  
Twin Screw

The dispersion mechanisms in a clay-based polymer nanocomposite (CPNC) during twin-screw extrusion are studied by in-situ rheo-optical techniques, which relate the CPNC morphology with its viscosity. This methodology avoids the problems associated with post extrusion structural rearrangement. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix, which can be processed at ambient and low temperatures, is used to bypass any issues associated with thermal degradation. Local heating in the first part of the extruder allows testing of the usefulness of low matrix viscosity to enhance polymer intercalation before applying larger stresses for clay dispersion. The comparison of clay particle sizes measured in line with models for the kinetics of particle dispersion indicates that larger screw speeds promote the break-up of clay particles, whereas smaller screw speeds favor the erosion of the clay tactoids. Thus, different levels of clay dispersion are generated, which do not simply relate to a progressively better PDMS intercalation and higher clay exfoliation as screw speed is increased. Reducing the PDMS viscosity in the first mixing zone of the screw facilitates dispersion at lower screw speeds, but a complex interplay between stresses and residence times at larger screw speeds is observed. More importantly, the results underline that the use of larger stresses is inefficient per se in dispersing clay if sufficient time is not given for PDMS to intercalate the clay galleries and thus facilitate tactoid disruption or erosion.

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