Investigation into the Distribution of Erosion-Corrosion in the Furnace Tubes of Oil Refineries

2021 ◽  
Vol 1039 ◽  
pp. 165-181
Author(s):  
Muhsin Jaber Jweeg ◽  
Karrar Ibrahim Mohammed ◽  
Moneer H. Tolephih ◽  
Muhannad Al-Waily
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Convection Zone ◽  
Heat Transfer Area ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Radiation Zone ◽  
Conduction Zone ◽  
Heat Transfer By Radiation

Crude oil is one of the most important sources of energy in the world. To extract its multiple components, we need oil refineries. Refineries consist of multiple parts, including heat exchangers, furnaces, and others. It is known that one of the initial operations in the refineries is the process of gradually raising the temperature of crude oil to 370 degrees centigrade or higher. Hence, in this investigation the focus is on the furnaces and the corrosion in their tubes. The investigation was accomplished by reading the thickness of the tubes for the period from 2008 to 2020 with a test in every two year, had passed from their introduction into the work. Where the thickness of more than one point was measured on each tube in the same row and the corrosion rate was extracted for three furnaces, starting from the area of ​​heat transfer by radiation to the heat transfer area of ​​the convection in three different operating units. It was found that the highest percentage corrosion value between the standard tube thickness and the thickness of conduction position was 37% with the conduction zone, and 31% with radiation zone. There, the tubes specification was tested. Five percent Cr-0.5 Moly and the temperature of radiation zone was 578 °C to 613 °C and the stack temperature was 410 °C to 450 °C. So, the results show that the maximum erosion occur at the convection zone.

scholarly journals Plate heat exchanger design software for industrial and educational applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-449
Author(s):  
Nikola Zlatkovic ◽  
Divna Majstorovic ◽  
Mirjana Kijevcanin ◽  
Emila Zivkovic
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Plate Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Transfer Area ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Plate Heat ◽  
Two Fluids ◽  
Heat Exchanger Design ◽  
Educational Applications

Plate heat exchanger is a type of heat exchanger that uses corrugated metal plates to transfer heat between two fluids. The plate corrugations are designed to achieve turbulence across the entire heat transfer area thus producing the highest possible heat transfer coefficients while allowing close temperature approaches. Subsequently, this leads to a smaller heat transfer area, smaller units and in some cases, fewer heat exchangers. In this work, an application for thermal and hydraulic computations of plate heat exchangers had been developed using Sharp Develop, an open source programming platform. During the development process, several literature methods and correlations for calculation of heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop in a plate heat exchanger have been tested and the selected four methods: Martin, VDI, Kumar and Coulson and Richardson have been incorporated into the software. The structure of the software is visually presented through several windows: a window for inserting input data, windows for showing the results of computation by each of the methods, a window for showing comparative analysis of the most important computation results obtained by all of the used methods and a help window for demonstrating the working principle of plate heat exchanger.

scholarly journals Modelling of Polymeric Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers for Low-Medium Temperature Geothermal Applications

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2737
Author(s):  
Francesca Ceglia ◽  
Adriano Macaluso ◽  
Elisa Marrasso ◽  
Maurizio Sasso ◽  
Laura Vanoli
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Heat Transfer Area ◽  
Geothermal Fluid ◽  
Shell And Tube

Improvements in using geothermal sources can be attained through the installation of power plants taking advantage of low and medium enthalpy available in poorly exploited geothermal sites. Geothermal fluids at medium and low temperature could be considered to feed binary cycle power plants using organic fluids for electricity “production” or in cogeneration configuration. The improvement in the use of geothermal aquifers at low-medium enthalpy in small deep sites favours the reduction of drilling well costs, and in addition, it allows the exploitation of local resources in the energy districts. The heat exchanger evaporator enables the thermal heat exchange between the working fluid (which is commonly an organic fluid for an Organic Rankine Cycle) and the geothermal fluid (supplied by the aquifer). Thus, it has to be realised taking into account the thermodynamic proprieties and chemical composition of the geothermal field. The geothermal fluid is typically very aggressive, and it leads to the corrosion of steel traditionally used in the heat exchangers. This paper analyses the possibility of using plastic material in the constructions of the evaporator installed in an Organic Rankine Cycle plant in order to overcome the problems of corrosion and the increase of heat exchanger thermal resistance due to the fouling effect. A comparison among heat exchangers made of commonly used materials, such as carbon, steel, and titanium, with alternative polymeric materials has been carried out. This analysis has been built in a mathematical approach using the correlation referred to in the literature about heat transfer in single-phase and two-phase fluids in a tube and/or in the shell side. The outcomes provide the heat transfer area for the shell and tube heat exchanger with a fixed thermal power size. The results have demonstrated that the plastic evaporator shows an increase of 47.0% of the heat transfer area but an economic installation cost saving of 48.0% over the titanium evaporator.

scholarly journals Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger – the Heat Transfer Area Design Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Štefan Gužela ◽  
František Dzianik ◽  
Martin Juriga ◽  
Juraj Kabát
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Design Calculation ◽  
Heat Transfer Area ◽  
Fast Reactors ◽  
Tube Heat Exchanger ◽  
Commercial Operation ◽  
Shell And Tube

AbstractNowadays, the operating nuclear reactors are able to utilise only 1 % of mined out uranium. An effective exploitation of uranium, even 60 %, is possible to achieve in so-called fast reactors. These reactors commercial operation is expected after the year 2035. Several design configurations of these reactors exist. Fast reactors rank among the so-called Generation IV reactors. Helium-cooled reactor, as a gas-cooled fast reactor, is one of them. Exchangers used to a heat transfer from a reactor active zone (i.e. heat exchangers) are an important part of fast reactors. This paper deals with the design calculation of U-tube heat exchanger (precisely 1-2 shell and tube heat exchanger with U-tubes): water – helium.

Thermal Design of Heat Exchanger With Fins Inside and Outside Tubes

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Xie ◽  
Q. Y. Chen ◽  
M. Zeng ◽  
Q. W. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Total Pressure ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Heat Transfer Area ◽  
Tube Heat Exchanger ◽  
Total Pressure Drop

Compact heat exchangers such as tube-fin types and plate-fin types are widely used for gas-liquid or gas-gas applications. Some examples are air-coolers, fan coils, regenerators and recuperators in micro-turbines. In this study, thermal design of fin-and-tube (tube-fin) heat exchanger performance with fins being employed outside and inside tubes was presented, with which designed plate-fin heat exchanger was compared. These designs were performed under identical mass flow rate, inlet temperature and operating pressure on each side for recuperator in 100kW microturbine as well as specified allowable fractions of total pressure drop by means of Log-Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) method. Heat transfer areas, volumes and weights of designed heat exchangers were evaluated. It is shown that, under identical heat duty, fin-and-tube heat exchanger requires 1.8 times larger heat transfer area outside tubes and volume, 0.6 times smaller heat transfer area inside tubes than plate-fin heat exchanger. Under identical total pressure drop, fin-and-tube heat exchanger requires about 5 times larger volume and heat transfer area in gas-side, 1.6 times larger heat transfer area in air-side than plate-fin heat exchanger. Total weight of fin-and-tube heat exchanger is about 2.7 times higher than plate-fin heat exchanger, however, the heat transfer rate of fin-and-tube heat exchanger is about 1.4 times larger than that of plate-fin heat exchanger. It is indicated that, both-sides finned tube heat exchanger may be used in engineering application where the total pressure drop is severe to a small fraction and the operating pressure is high, and may be adopted for recuperator in microturbine.

Thermal Optimization Design of Heat Exchanger in Supersonic Engine with Parameters’ Fluctuation

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifei Wu ◽  
Wei Jia
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Probability Density Distribution ◽  
Heat Transfer Area ◽  
Thermal Optimization ◽  
Ultrahigh Temperature

AbstractPrecooled engine is a highly expected solution to achieve supersonic transport. As the crucial component, heat exchangers protect other components from ultrahigh temperature. In traditional design methods, the nominal result is multiplied by a safety factor, whose selection entirely depends on experience, ensuring sufficient working margin to cope with fluctuation of parameters. For aero-engine, heat exchangers must work reliably with minimum weight. An advanced method of thermal optimization design with parameters’ fluctuation is proposed and proved to be effective by experimental verification. The heat transfer area can be quantitatively linked with the design confidence level, considering the coupling effect of various parameters’ fluctuation. The probability density distribution of heat transfer area has the characteristic of positive skewness distribution. With the increase of design confidence, the required heat transfer area is growing faster and faster. After optimization, the design of heat exchanger meets the requirements and the weight is effectively controlled.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE FIBRES ARRANGEMENT ON HEAT TRANSFER AND PRESSURE DROP OF POLYMERIC HOLLOW FIBRE HEAT EXCHANGERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Kůdelová ◽  
Tereza Kroulíková ◽  
Ilya Astrouski ◽  
Miroslav Raudenský
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Heat Transfer Area ◽  
Hollow Fibres ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
The Difference

Polymeric hollow fibre heat exchangers are the new alternative to common metal heat exchangers. These heat exchangers provide advantages, such as low weight, corrosion resistance, easy shaping and machining. Moreover, they consume less energy during their production. Therefore, they are environmentally friendly. The paper deals with shell & tube heat exchangers, which consist of hundreds of polymeric hollow fibres. The structure of the heat transfer surfaces has a significant influence on the effectivity of the use of the heat transfer area that is formed by the polymeric hollow fibres. The study gives a comparison of heat exchangers with an identical outer volume. The difference between them is in the structure of the heat transfer insert. One of the presented heat exchangers has fibres that are in-line and the second heat exchanger has staggered fibres. The study also pays attention to the difference in differential pressures caused by the difference in the structure of the heat transfer surfaces.

Techno-economic analysis of nitrogen-doped graphene/water nanofluid in various heat exchangers (A unified analysis)

2021 ◽  
pp. 095765092110521
Author(s):  
Yousif M Alkhulaifi ◽  
Shahzada Zaman Shuja ◽  
Bekir Sami Yilbas
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Heat Transfer Area ◽  
Plate Heat ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Graphene ◽  
Doped Graphene ◽  
Shell And Tube ◽  
Double Pipe

Nitrogen-doped graphene (NDG)/water nanofluid is one of the emerging working fluids toward achieving high heating rates in heat transfer devices. In the present study, thermal performance improvement and techno-economic analysis of a double pipe, shell and tube, and plate heat exchangers are presented while incorporating NDG/water nanofluid as a working fluid. The variable properties of NDG nanofluid are incorporated and the influence of nanoparticle concentrations and mass flow rates on the device thermal performance and related costs are evaluated. The findings demonstrate that device heat transfer area and costs are adversely affected by using NDG/water nanofluid in all types of heat exchanging devices considered. An increase in heat transfer area is associated with the decrease of the specific heat capacity of the working fluid. The increase of heat transfer area can be as high as 58.5%, 45.1%, and 67.0% for double pipe, shell and tube, and plate heat exchangers, respectively. In addition, area increase becomes persistent with other types of nanoparticles used in the carrier fluid.

Analytical Design of Helically Coiled Heat Exchangers Used for Transient Heat Transfer Applications

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Salimpour ◽  
Farid Bahiraee ◽  
Soheil Akbari
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Finite Time ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbulent Regime ◽  
Heat Transfer Area ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Enhanced Heat Transfer ◽  
Helical Heat Exchanger

In the present study, a special application of a helical heat exchanger, i.e. its usage in the cooling process of a reservoir’s hot fluid at a specified finite time was considered. An analytical approach was developed to anticipate the required heat transfer area of the heat exchanger. Also, the effects of the various flow and geometry parameters of the heat exchanger like the mass and initial and target temperatures of the reservoir fluid, mass flow rate and inlet temperature of the tube-side fluid, the diameter, curvature and pitch of the coiled tube, etc, and also the finite time allocated to heat transfer were investigated. Next, the effects of different parameters upon the required length were examined in appropriate curves. It was generally observed that transition from laminar to turbulent regime, enhanced heat transfer coefficient and consequently, reduced the required length of the heat exchanger.

Designing Shell-and-Coil Mixed Convection Heat Exchangers

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Ghorbani Mianroudi ◽  
Hessam Taherian ◽  
Mofid Gorji-Bandpy
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Mixed Convection ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Convection Heat ◽  
Heat Transfer Area ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Coil Heat

A design problem of a mixed convection heat exchanger can not be treated totally similar to the case of the regular heat exchangers due to extra unknown parameters. In this paper procedures for designing mixed convection shell-and-coil heat exchangers are proposed for both rating and sizing problems. Flowcharts of the procedures are presented and a number of examples of problems have been tested. The proposed procedures show reasonable accuracy (max. error of 11.57%) in determining the required heat transfer area and also in predicting the thermal performance of a heat exchanger with known geometry (max. error of 7.87%).

The Sensitivity of Heat Exchanger Calculations to Uncertainties in the Physical Properties of the Process Fluids

1983 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
L E Haseler ◽  
R G Owen ◽  
R G Sardesai
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Heat Transfer Area ◽  
Heat Exchanger Design ◽  
Shell And Tube ◽  
Design Calculations

The various processes occurring in shell and tube heat exchangers are examined for their dependence on the physical properties of the fluid streams. This dependence, coupled with estimates of likely uncertainties in the various properties, is used in developing a simple procedure for evaluating the resultant uncertainty in heat exchanger design calculations. Two case studies, which use a well-tested computer program, have shown that the above procedure adequately quantifies the uncertainties in the calculation of heat transfer area and pressure drop.

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