Optimization of Welding Conditions for Sealing of Lithium-Ion Battery by Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser

Laser material processing is a very rapidly advancing technology for various industrial applications, because of its many advantages. A few of its major advantages, less yet better controlled heat input, have been successfully exploited for the very critical application of aluminum alloy welding. This study suggested the source of weld-defects and its solution methods in welding a lithium ion battery with pulsed Nd:YAG laser. In the experiment, battery case has changed over joint geometry from side welding to flat welding. In the case of an electrolyte inlet seal welding, welding was carried out after pressing an Al ball and the degree of eccentricity, the contact length and the gap are presented as major parameters. With the Al ball indent improvement, the eccentricity and the gap were reduced and the contact length was increased. As a result of an experiment, a sound weld bead shape and crack-free weld bead were obtained.

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Fire Extinguishing Test of Lithium-Ion Battery Case in Electric Bus

2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE) ◽

10.1109/icfsfpe48751.2019.9055837 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Dongxing Yu ◽

Yi Li ◽

Shaoyu Zhang ◽

Haibin Dong ◽

Guang Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Fire Extinguishing ◽

Electric Bus ◽

Battery Case

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The effect of using the metal tube on laser welding of the battery case and the tab for lithium-ion battery

10.21203/rs.3.rs-97420/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dongkyoung Lee

Keyword(s):

Laser Welding ◽

Gaussian Beam ◽

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Power Distribution ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Metal Tube ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽

Battery Case ◽

Positive Effect

Abstract Given the drawbacks of the conventional welding methods in joining the battery case and tab in the lithium-ion battery, the laser welding technique using the metal tube has been introduced for the weld. The metal tube is supposed to contribute a positive effect on protecting the outside structure by blocking the injection of the spatters. However, the use of the metal tube is believed to affect the intensity as well as the power distribution of the laser gaussian beam. Through the observation and analysis in this study, both advantages and disadvantages of the application of the metal tube on the weld have been clarified. The use of the metal tube prevents the ejection of the spatter to the outside of the welding zone, the gap between the battery case and tab in the weld is also minimized. Besides, the limitation of the intensity and the power energy distribution of the laser Gaussian beam has caused significant changes in the morphology, mechanical, and electrical properties of the weld.

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Modeling and validation of lithium-ion battery with initial state of charge estimation

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ◽

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1317-1331 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 1317

Author(s):

Ali Mohsen Alsabari ◽

M.K Hassan ◽

Azura CS ◽

Ribhan Zafira

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Equivalent Circuit Model ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

State Of Charge ◽

Lookup Table ◽

Maximum Relative Error ◽

Initial State ◽

Internal Parameters ◽

Terminal Voltage

The modeling of lithium-ion battery is an important element to the management of batteries in industrial applications. Various models have been studied and investigated, ranging from simple to complex. The second-order equivalent circuit model was studied and investigated since the dynamic behavior of the battery is fully characterized. The simulation model was built in Matlab Simulink using the Kirchhoff Laws principle in mathematical equations, while the battery's internal parameters were identified by using the BTS4000 (Battery tester) device. To estimate the full state of charge (SOC), the initial state of charge (SOC0) must be identified or measured. Hence, this paper seeks for the SOC estimation by using experimental terminal voltage data and SOC with Matlab lookup table. Then, the simulated terminal voltage, as well as the SOC of the battery are compared and validated against measured data. The maximum relative error of 0.015 V and 2% for terminal voltage and SOC respectively shows that the proposed model is accurate and relevant based on the error analysis.

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An Investigation on the Effect of Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser Welding Parameters of Stainless Steel 1.4418

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.6247 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 383-390 ◽

pp. 6247-6251 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Moradi ◽

M. Ghoreishi ◽

M.J. Torkamany ◽

J. Sabbaghzadeh ◽

M.J. Hamedi

Keyword(s):

Pulse Duration ◽

Welding Speed ◽

Nd:Yag Laser ◽

Focal Point ◽

Average Power ◽

Weld Bead ◽

Welding Parameters ◽

Pulsed Nd:Yag Laser ◽

Pulsed Nd:Yag Laser Welding ◽

Bead Profile

In the present study, a low average power pulsed Nd:YAG laser is used for bead-on-plate welding of low carbon steel plate. The effect of laser process parameters on the weld quality and weld bead profile, welding penetration (P), welding surface width (W) and welding pool area (A), is studied. Focal point position, welding speed, pulse duration, and energy are selected as the process variables. The formation of a keyhole and weld bead profile is found to be highly dependent on laser pulse parameters. Results show that the maximum penetration accurse when the focal point is above the surface, in pulse duration of 6 ms, welding speed of 2 mm/s and pulse energy of 16.67 J.

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The Effect of Using a Metal Tube on Laser Welding of the Battery Case and the Tab for Lithium-Ion Battery

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13194460 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 4460

Author(s):

Lanh Ngoc Trinh ◽

Dongkyoung Lee

Keyword(s):

Laser Welding ◽

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Metal Tube ◽

Lap Joint ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽

Battery Case ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Welding Technique

Given the drawbacks of the conventional welding methods in joining the battery case and tab in the lithium-ion battery, the laser welding technique using the metal tube has been introduced for the weld. The metal tube is supposed to contribute a positive effect including protection to the outside structure by blocking the injection of the spatters, and minimization of the contact gap between the battery case and table. However, the use of the metal tube is believed to cause the plume trapped inside and affect the intensity distribution of the laser gaussian beam. Through the observation and analysis in this study, both advantages and disadvantages of the application of the metal tube on the weld have been analyzed. The use of the metal tube prevents the ejection of the spatter to the outside of the welding zone, as well as minimize the air gap between the battery case and tab in the lap joint weld is also minimized. On the other hand, the trapped plume inside the metal tube and the reduction of the energy of the laser beam have been considered to cause significant changes in the morphology, mechanical, and electrical properties of the weld.

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Machine Learning based Analytical Framework for Automatic Hyperspectral Raman Analysis of Lithium-ion Battery Electrodes

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-54770-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ankur Baliyan ◽

Hideto Imai

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Real Time ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Spectral Signature ◽

Analytical Technique ◽

Spectral Signatures ◽

Capacity Degradation ◽

Class Labels

AbstractThe intelligence to synchronously identify multiple spectral signatures in a lithium-ion battery electrode (LIB) would facilitate the usage of analytical technique for inline quality control and product development. Here, we present an analytical framework (AF) to automatically identify the existing spectral signatures in the hyperspectral Raman dataset of LIB electrodes. The AF is entirely automated and requires fewer or almost no human assistance. The end-to-end pipeline of AF own the following features; (i) intelligently pre-processing the hyperspectral Raman dataset to eliminate the cosmic noise and baseline, (ii) extract all the reliable spectral signatures from the hyperspectral dataset and assign the class labels, (iii) training a neural network (NN) on to the precisely “labelled” spectral signature, and finally, examined the interoperability/reusability of already trained NN on to the newly measured dataset taken from the same LIB specimen or completely different LIB specimen for inline real-time analytics. Furthermore, we demonstrate that it is possible to quantitatively assess the capacity degradation of LIB via a capacity retention coefficient that can be calculated by comparing the LMO signatures extracted by the analytical framework (AF). The present approach is suited for real-time vibrational spectroscopy based industrial applications; multicomponent chemical reactions, chromatographic, spectroscopic mixtures, and environmental monitoring.

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The Characteristics of Laser Welding of a Thin Aluminum Tab and Steel Battery Case for Lithium-Ion Battery

Metals ◽

10.3390/met10060842 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 842 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lanh Ngoc Trinh ◽

Dongkyoung Lee

Keyword(s):

Laser Welding ◽

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Electrical Resistance ◽

Dissimilar Materials ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Hardness Test ◽

High Productivity ◽

Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽

Pulsed Fiber Laser ◽

Battery Case

During lithium-ion battery packing, joining between battery cases and tabs is challenging for manufacturers due to dissimilar materials of the battery case and the tab, as well as their thicknesses. Laser welding, which has proven to produce a good weld with high productivity and low electrical resistance, is introduced to weld these materials. The weld was conducted with nanosecond-pulsed fiber laser and the effect of laser powers on mechanical and electrical properties as well as microstructure of the joint is investigated. The weld bead at the low laser power exhibited several blowholes on the surface, while the formation of voids including centerline and root cavities was observed through the cross-section. Moreover, the phenomenon of upward penetration (UP) was observed in all laser powers and recoil pressure which was generated by metal evaporation was supposed to cause the formation of an upward flow of the lower material. A hardness test was performed on both horizontal and vertical directions through the fusion zone. Additionally, the increase of upward penetration (UP) resulted in higher strength and lower electrical resistance of the weld.

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