Obtaining of Mullite by Rapid Sintering from Bentonite Clay

2010 ◽  
Vol 660-661 ◽  
pp. 936-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josileido Gomes ◽  
Alysson Israel Oliveira Rocha ◽  
Romualdo Rodrigues Menezes ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
Maria Isabel Brasileiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nucleation Kinetics ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Sintering Time ◽  
Rapid Sintering ◽  
Bentonite Clays ◽  
Aluminium Silicates

Bentonite clays are aluminium–silicates that when heated turn into mullite. The sintering of mullite obtained from these mineral clays by quick microwaves heating comes up as an alternative process for mullite powders synthesis. The use of quick heating on ceramics nano-powders synthesis is a recent technology that is being successfully used on synthesis with microwaves and synthesis process by combustion. The quick microwaves heating enable adding heat quickly and equally, accelerating the nucleation kinetics and the development of the mullite stage. Thus, the purpose of this work is to analyze the effect of the microwaves heating process variables, analyzing the influence of the applied power and of the heating rate on the mullite powders obtaining from bentonite clays. The clays have been favored and submitted to the following characterizations: chemical granulometric and mineralogically. Subsequently, the clays have been delamined aiming disagglomeration and separation of the thinner fractions and submitted to granulometric and mineralogical characterization. The synthesis has been realized on a domestic microwaves oven. The obtained powders have been characterized by X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the applied power variation and the sintering time are fundamental on the obtaining of mullite powders.

Bentonite Clays from Sossego, Paraiba, Brazil: Physical and Mineralogical Characterization

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
I.D.S. Pereira ◽  
V.N.F. Lisboa ◽  
I.A. Silva ◽  
J.M.R. Figueirêdo ◽  
G.A. Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
The State ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Granulometric Analysis ◽  
Ball Clay ◽  
Bentonite Clays ◽  
The Town ◽  
Clay Kaolin

In the northeastern region Brazil, especially in the State of Paraíba, there is a large incidence of non-metallic minerals, among which we may highlight the bentonite clay, ball clay, smectitic clay, kaolin... limestone and mica. In past years, there has been an intense research for discovering new deposits in the State of Paraíba, thus creating expectations for widening the mineral raw production in that region. So, this work is intended to make the physical, mineralogical and technological characterization of smectitic clays from the town of Sossego, PB, Brazil. The characterization was made by means of the following techniques: granulometric analysis by laser diffraction (GA), themogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG and DTA), chemical analysis (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results evidence that the studied clays present the following mineral phases: smectitic, kaolinite and accessory minerals such as quartz, carbonates feldspars and mica.

Influence of Organophilization Process Variables in Bentonite Clays from Cubati-PB

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1467-1472
Author(s):  
Carla Dantas da Silva ◽  
Rosa do Carmo de Oliveira Lima ◽  
Julliana Marques Rocha Costa ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
Heber Carlos Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Laser Diffraction ◽  
Ionic Surfactants ◽  
Organic Media ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bentonite Clays ◽  
Sodium Form

This work aims at the development of organoclay from two varieties of bentonite for use in organic media using ionic surfactants, studying the influence of process variables in the organophilization process. We used the following materials: natural bentonite clay from Cubati-PB District, and the ionic quaternary ammonium salt: Praepagen WB® with 45% active matter. The clays were benefited and then turned into sodium form and subsequently into organoclays. The bentonites were characterized by laser diffraction (GA) X-ray fluorescence chemical composition (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermogravimetry (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The organoclays were characterized by (XRD) thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermogravimetry (DTA). The results showed that the clay has potential for application in the organophilization process and that there is influence of process variables.

Bentonite Clays Characterization in the Town of Sossego – Paraiba State

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
I.D.S. Pereira ◽  
V.N.F. Lisboa ◽  
I.A. Silva ◽  
J.M.R. Figueirêdo ◽  
G.A. Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Bentonite Clays ◽  
The Town ◽  
Petroleum Drilling

Bentonite exhibt a range of industrial applications moving millions of dollars on the market per year. Among several applications if highlights it is use for petroleum drilling fluids. Thus, this work aims to characterize physical, mineralogical and technologically, the bentonitics clays of Sossego County, Paraíba, Brazil. Mineralogical characterization of clays was done through the following techniques: particle size analysis by laser diffraction, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, chemical analysis and x-ray diffraction. The clays were turned in by treatment with sodium in Na2CO3 and then determined whether the apparent viscosity, plastic and volume of filtrate of clay-water dispersions. The results showed that the samples are of polycationic, showing levels of MgO, CaO and K2O, similar to those from Boa Vista County, Paraíba, Brazil, and consist of clay mineral kaolinite, quartz and esmec. The clays showed rheological properties that indicate potential for use in drilling fluids.

Preparation of Organoclay for Polymeric Nanocomposites Membranes

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 899-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keila Machado Medeiros ◽  
Taciana Regina de Gouveia Silva ◽  
Luana Rodrigues Kojuch ◽  
Edcleide Maria Araújo ◽  
Hélio Lucena Lira
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Nanosized Particles ◽  
Polymeric Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Contact Area ◽  
Bentonite Clays

Bentonites are the most used fillers in the development of nanocomposites, due to their characteristics that provide nanosized particles, contributing to a large contact area between the clay and the polymer. In general, the additions of small amounts of organoclay improve the mechanical and thermal properties of nanocomposites. Bentonite clays and organoclays were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetry (TG). The results of XRF, XRD and FTIR confirmed the presence of quaternary ammonium salt in the organoclay structure. From TG, it was observed that the organoclay showed better thermal stability when compared with bentonite clay.

Study of Process Variables for Organofilization of the Bentonite Clay from Cubati, Pb

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
C.D. Silva ◽  
J.M.R. Figueiredo ◽  
I.D.S. Pereira ◽  
J.M. Cartaxo ◽  
G.A. Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Ionic Surfactants ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Granulometric Analysis ◽  
Bentonite Clays ◽  
The Town

Bentonite clays, after treated with surfactants, are called organofilic clays. The objective of this work is the development of organofilic clays, using ionic surfactants, based on a variety of smectite from Cubati, PB, for application in organic media. The following materials were used: Superior Gray bentonite clay from the town of Cubati, PB, Brazil, and the ionic surfactants Praepagen WB® and Praepagen HY®. The clay was characterized with basis on the granulometric analysis by laser diffraction (AG), chemical composition by X-ray fluorescence (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and thermal differential (DTA). The clay was processed and then turned into sodic and later into organofilic clays. The results prove that there was intercalation of the ionic surfactant into the clay fraction, and that the process variables did not affect the organofilization process, but the surfactant type has influence on the process.

Study Intercalation and Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposites of HDPE/Organoclay

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1785-1788
Author(s):  
Milena Costa da Silva ◽  
Sara Verusca de Oliveira ◽  
Tomás Jefférson Alves de Mélo ◽  
Edcleide Maria Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
New Class ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Nanocomposites are hybrid materials that can be obtained with, three, two or bust one-dimensional in nanoscale found in particles dispersed in the matrix. By presenting a nanometric structure, this new class of materials may have only properties, different from traditional composites and their constituents, which may be established in the synthesis process. The aim of this work is prepare nanocomposites of HDPE/ bentonite clay by melt intercalation technique. Systems were evaluated for the presence of untreated clay and chemically treated (organoclay) with two different types of quaternary ammonium salts, Cetremide and Dodigen. In the preparation of nanocomposites were obtained concentrated using a high speed mixer and then the nominal percentage of clay was dispersed in a twin screw extruder corrotacional. The systems were characterized by X-ray diffraction and mechanical properties. The XRD patterns of nanocomposite of HDPE/organoclay suggest a not intercalated structure. The mechanical properties of nanocomposites presented reducing values in relation to pure polymer.

scholarly journals TECHNOLOGY OF REVERSE-BLAST CORROSION CLEANING OF STEEL SHEETS PRIOR TO LASER CUTTING

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-241
Author(s):  
A. N. Zguk ◽  
I. V. Kachanov ◽  
A. V. Filipchik
Keyword(s):  
Laser Cutting ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Film Coating ◽  
Surface Cleaning ◽  
Protective Film ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gas Lasers ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Bentonite Clays

Quality of surface cleaning against corrosion influences on efficiency in realization of a number of technological processes. While using bentonite clays in power fluid reverse-blast cleaning ensures formation of anticorrosion protective coating with light absorbing properties on the cleaned surface and prevents formation of the repeated corrosion. The paper presents results of the investigations pertaining to influence of reverse-blast cleaning parameters of steel sheets on quality of the cleaned surface prior to laser cutting. Processing conditions, applied compositions of power fluid and also properties of the protective film coatings on the cleaned surface have been given in the paper. The paper considers topography, morphology and chemical composition of the given coating while applying complex metal micrographic, X-ray diffraction and electronic and microscopic investigations. A complex of laser cutting (refer to gas lasers) with output continuous capacity of 2.5/4.0 kW has been applied for experimental works to evaluate influence of the formed surface quality on efficiency of laser cutting process. Specimens having dimension 120×120 mm, made of steel Ст3пс, with thickness from 3 to 10 mm have been prepared for the experiments. An analysis has shown that the application of reverse-blast cleaning ensures higher speed in laser cutting by a mean of 10–20 %. The investigations have made it possible to determine optimum cleaning modes: distance from a nozzle to the surface to be cleaned, jet velocity, pressure. It has been revealed that after drying of the specimens processed by power fluid based on water with concentrations of bentonite clay and calcined soda a protective film coating with thickness of some 5–7 µm has been formed on the whole cleaned specimen surfaces. Chemical base of the coating has been formed by the elements which are included in the composition of bentonite clay being the basic component of the power fluid. 

A Comparative Analysis of Various Types of Modified Bentonite Clays Added to Poly Methyl Butadiene for Nanocomposite Preparation

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Fayq Hsan Jabbar ◽  
Wisam A. Latif
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Clay Layer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nano Composite ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Bentonite Clays

New Nano-composite of biopolymers was prepared for this analysis. The natural bentonite clay group forms Na- Bentonite (Na- BTT), K- Bentonite (K- BTt), and Ca- Bentonite (Ca-Btt) has been modified by the addition of synthesized fatty amide (FACO), namely Corn oil (CO). To achieve the modification the clay particles was mixed thoroughly in an aqueous (FACO) solution which increases the separation of the clay layer from 1.25 to 2.75 nm of BTT, 1.17 to 1.34 nm of BTt and 1.14 to 1.31nm of Btt due to the action exchange capacity of Na- BTT which is much greater than the low cation exchange capacity of K- BTt and Ca-Btt, respectively. The improved Na- BTT was then used in the preparation of poly methyl butadiene (PMB) Nano-composite. The modifiers interaction in the clay layer is described by X-ray diffraction (XRD). A conventional approach was used to synthesize the Nano-composite, in which the modified clay (FACO- BTT) was melt mixed with PMB. To classify the Nano-composite XRD, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Thermogravimetric have been used. The results of XRD and TEM confirmed Nano-composite growth. In contrast to pure PMB, PMB modified BTT Nano-composite showed higher thermal stability. The use of FACO as a vegetable oil derivative to modify clay would minimize reliance on petroleum based surfactants. Moreover, such Nano-composites are considered environmentally friendly in addition to being renewable resources.

Development of Organoclays for Use in Oil-Based Drilling Fluids

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1557-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirtys Allamana Ferreira Cardoso ◽  
Heber Sivini Ferreira ◽  
Isabelle Albuquerque da Silva ◽  
Heber Carlos Ferreira ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Oil Wells ◽  
Ionic Surfactants ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bentonite Clays

The organoclays are derived from bentonite clays treated in aqueous solution with surfactants, which are incorporated into the interlayer surface of clays, covering them with an organic layer; so, the naturally hydrophilic clay becomes hydrophobic. This paper proposes a study to find the dispersant media (diesel, paraffin or ester) which is more suitable for use in fluids, using the bentonite clay Cloisite Na +, treated with ionic surfactants Praepagen HY and Praepagen WB. The organoclay obtained was characterized by X-ray diffraction, and we measured the apparent viscosity and plastic dispersions. We observed the importance of the type of surfactant and dispersant amid to obtain organoclays for non-aqueous drilling fluids with the dispersants that meet existing specifications for drilling oil wells.

Highly thermally conductive UHMWPE/NG composites with the segregated structure and their application for heat spreader

2020 ◽  
pp. 089270572096564
Author(s):  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Hui Lu ◽  
Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Laser Flash ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Heat Spreader ◽  
Conductive Composites ◽  
Compression Direction ◽  
Thermal Analyzer ◽  
Thermally Conductive ◽  
Plane Direction

In this work, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/natural flake graphite (NG) polymer composites with the extraordinary high thermal conductivity were prepared by a facile mixed-heating powder method. Morphology observation and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests revealed that the NG flakes could be more tightly coated on the surface of UHMWPE granules by mixed-heating process and align horizontally (perpendicular to the hot compression direction of composites). Laser flash thermal analyzer (LFA) demonstrated that the thermal conductivity (TC) of composites with 21.6 vol% of NG reached 19.87 W/(m·K) and 10.67 W/(m·K) in the in-plane and through-plane direction, respectively. Application experiment further demonstrated that UHMWPE/NG composites had strong capability to dissipate the heat as heat spreader. The obtained results provided a valuable basis for fabricating high thermal conductive composites which can act as advanced thermal management materials.

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