Laser Beam Welding of Aluminium: Process Optimisation to Achieve Hermetic Sealing for Electrochemical Energy System Containers

2012 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 632-637
Author(s):  
T.D. Mercy ◽  
Rahul Sharma ◽  
V.F. Kaladharan ◽  
K.P. Kamalakaran
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Laser Beam Welding ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells ◽  
Hermetic Sealing ◽  
High Heat Input

Hermetic sealing is essential for long cycle life and calendar life of Lithium ion cells. Ingress of moisture and leaking of electrolyte in Lithium ion cells deteriorates the electrochemical performance. Nickel coated mild steel, Stainless steel, Aluminium and its alloys are generally used as case material. Pure Aluminium and Aluminium alloys are used to improve energy density of Lithium ion cells. High heat input is required for aluminium to obtain a sound weld because of the high thermal conductivity of the Aluminium. High heat input results in increased heat affected zone (HAZ) and transfer of heat into internal components during welding. Laser Beam Welding (LBW) results in very narrow heat affected zone (HAZ) and it is possible to have dissimilar metal welding. In the present work, experimental studies conducted to optimise the laser beam welding parameters for welding of Li-ion AA3003 cell case to lid without defects viz porosity and required weld strength. Hermeticity and strength of the weld bead were analysed in detail to ensure the adequacy of the process. It has been demonstrated that laser beam welding is a viable process for joining of cell case to its cover.

Interfacial Microstructure of A6111/Steel Lap Joint Fabricated by Defocused Laser Beam Welding

2006 ◽  
Vol 519-521 ◽  
pp. 1119-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang Jin Lee ◽  
Shinji Kumai ◽  
Nobuhiro Ishikawa ◽  
Kazuo Furuya
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Laser Beam Welding ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Weld Interface ◽  
Interfacial Microstructure ◽  
Lap Joint ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
High Heat Input

Lap joining of A6111 alloy and steel (SPCC: Steel Plate Cold-rolled C) plates was performed using a defocused YAG laser beam. A detailed investigation was performed on the intermetallic compound (IMC) layer formed at the weld interface. Two representative joints fabricated under different welding conditions were selected and the effect of the welding conditions on the kind and morphology of the IMC was investigated using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). An electron diffraction pattern method was used to identify IMC. It was found that the morphology and kind of IMC formed at the weld interface were strongly affected by the welding conditions, in particular, by the amount of heat input during welding. The thickness of the IMC layer formed at the weld interface was about 1 μm and the average grain size of the IMC in the layer was less than 300 nm when the joining was carried out with a small amount of heat input. The IMC layer was composed of Fe3Al, FeAl, Al2Fe, Al5Fe2 and Al13Fe4 in this case. However, the thickness of the IMC layer was around 6 μm when the joining was carried out under high heat input conditions. In this case, the IMC layer was composed of coarse Al5Fe2 (5 μm) and Al13Fe4 (1 μm). Therefore, it is considered that the reduced bonding strength of the joint with a thick IMC layer is due not only to the overall morphology of the IMC layer but also to the formation of coarse Al-rich IMCs in the layer.

Mechanical properties and fatigue behavior of CO2 laser beam welded armor steel joints

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 689-697
Author(s):  
Z. Balalan ◽  
F. Sarsilmaz ◽  
O. Ekinci
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
High Heat Input

Abstract Armor 500T steel used in armored military vehicles and marine vehicles were joined by CO2 laser beam welding method by applying three welding powers and two welding speeds under shielding argon atmosphere. From microstructure and microhardness results, under low laser welding power and high welding traveling speeds, microstructural transformation in the joining region of the performed welds occurred at a narrower distance as compared to other parameters, and it was determined that four regions formed independent of each other for each parameter group. Furthermore, it was determined that there is a gradual decrease in the microharness values of samples in which welding parameters cause heat input to decrease. The fatigue test results of all samples showed high strength properties in the parameters with high heat input. Additionally, tensile test results for all samples with high heat input parameters also exhibited high strength properties. Fracture at the intersection at high heat input parameters of a relatively ductile separation type occurred in HAZ whereas, at other parameters fracture occurred at the weld center and wide gap semi-brittle fracture behavior was observed. As a consequence, it was found that the most effective parameter as compared with laser welding power is laser welding traveling speed.

Low Heat Input Welding for Thin Steel Fabrication

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
S.M. Kelly ◽  
R.P. Martukanitz ◽  
P. Michaleris ◽  
M. Bugarewicz ◽  
T. D. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Process Development ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Hybrid Laser Arc Welding ◽  
Thin Steel ◽  
High Heat Input ◽  
Time Distortion ◽  
Buckling Distortion

As thinner members are used in marine construction, the use of conventional joining techniques results in significant angular and buckling distortion due to the inherent high heat input with these processes. Several low heat input alternatives, including laser beam, gas metal arc, and hybrid laser arc welding, are explored. The paper focuses on process development, real time distortion measurements, and implementation of these processes.

scholarly journals Grain Refinement of Heat Affected Zone in High Heat Input Welding by Liquid Phase Pinning of Oxy-Sulfide

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 2018-2026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takako Yamashita ◽  
Junji Shimamura ◽  
Kenji Oi ◽  
Masayasu Nagoshi ◽  
Katsunari Oikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
High Heat ◽  
High Heat Input

High Heat Input Welding of 12Cr-6Ni-2.5Mo Supermartensitic Stainless Steel

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragnhild Aune ◽  
Hans Fostervoll ◽  
Odd Magne Akselsen
Keyword(s):  
Weld Metal ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Final Microstructure ◽  
Girth Welding ◽  
High Heat Input ◽  
Longitudinal Seam

In conventional welding of 13% Cr supermartensitic stainless steels, the normal microstructure that forms on cooling is martensite. Although high heat input tends to give a certain coarsening of the final microstructure, the eventual accompanying loss in toughness is not known. The present study was initiated to examine the effect of heat input on weld metal and heat affected zone mechanical properties of a 12Cr-6Ni-2.5Mo grade. The results obtained showed that the notch toughness is low (25 J) and independent of heat input for the weld metal, while it is reduced with increasing heat input for fusion line and the heat affected zone locations. Subsequent post weld heat treatment gave a substantial increase in toughness for all notch locations. Based on these results, indications are that a specified maximum heat input is not applicable in welding of supermartensitic stainless steels, allowing more production efficient techniques to be used, both in longitudinal seam and girth welding.

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