Physical and Mechanical Properties of Fired Clay Brick Incorporating with Mosaic Sludge Waste

2014 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Abdul Rahim ◽  
Aeslina binti Abdul Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shrinkage Porosity ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Sludge Waste

Brick is one of the most common masonry units used as building material. Due to the demand, different types of waste have been investigated to be incorporated into the bricks. Many types of sludge have been incorporated in fired clay brick for example marble sludge, stone sludge, water sludge, sewage sludge, and ceramic sludge. The utilisation of these waste materials in fired clay bricks usually has positive effects on the properties such as lightweight bricks with improved shrinkage, porosity, and strength. Therefore, this study focus on the incorporation of mosaic sludge into fired clay brick. Physical and mechanical properties were conducted such as compressive strength, shrinkage, density and initial rate of suction test. From the results, it shows that brick with 5% of mosaic sludge obtained the best result with highest compressive strength and low initial rate of suction (18.76N/mm2 and 10.08 g/mm2) respectively. Nevertheless, all the other properties for all bricks incorporated with different percentages of mosaic sludge were complied with the standard. In conclusion, mosaic sludge could be an alternative low cost material for brick and at the same time provide a disposal method for mosaic sludge waste.

Utilization of Mosaic Sludge Waste into Fired Clay Brick: Properties and Leachability

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Aeslina binti Abdul Kadir ◽  
Ahmad Shayuti Bin Abdul Rahim ◽  
Hidra Hasbee Bin Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shrinkage Porosity ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Sludge Waste

Brick is one of the most common masonry units used as building material. Due to the demand, different types of waste have been investigated to be incorporated into the bricks. Many types of sludge have been incorporated in fired clay brick for an example marble sludge, stone sludge, water sludge, sewage sludge and ceramic sludge. The utilization of these waste materials in fired clay bricks usually has positive effects on the properties such as lightweight bricks with improved shrinkage, porosity, and strength. Therefore, the objective of this study is to incorporate different percentages of mosaic sludge and investigate heavy metals leachability from the mosaic sludge brick. Heavy metals leachability was conducted by using toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). Physical and mechanical properties were also determined which are compressive strength, shrinkage, density and initial rate of suction. From the results obtained, it shows that fired clay brick with 5% of mosaic sludge obtained the best result with highest compressive strength and low initial rate of suction (18.76N/mm2 and 10.08 g/mm2) respectively. Nevertheless, all the other properties for all bricks incorporated with different percentages of mosaic sludge were also complied with the BS 3921:1985 standard. The results also demonstrated that the leachability of potential heavy metals in mosaic brick were complied with USEPA (1996) and EPAV (2005a) regulatory limit. In conclusion, mosaic sludge could be an alternative low cost material for fired clay brick as well as providing a disposal method for mosaic sludge waste.

The Utilization of Coconut Fibre into Fired Clay Brick

2016 ◽  
Vol 673 ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aeslina Abdul Kadir ◽  
Siti Noorhajar Mohd Zulkifly ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Noor Amira Sarani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Coconut Fibre

Over the year, agricultural establishment produced many types of waste in its daily operation. Coconut fibre for example is one of the most abundant agricultural wastes produced in Malaysia. Despite the massive amount of the waste produced, the standards of waste management in Malaysia are still poor. The main purpose of this study is to focus on the potential of coconut fibre utilization into fired clay bricks. The objectives of this study are to determine the characteristics of coconut fibre, to identify the gas emissions during firing process from coconut fibre brick and to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of from coconut fibre (1%, 3% and 5%) incorporation into fired clay brick. All the bricks were fired in a furnace up to 1050°C at 1°C/min. The gas emissions that were measured are carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2). Based on the three gases, the results showed that CO2 is the highest gas emission produced during the firing process. Physical and mechanical properties tested are total shrinkage, dry density and compressive strength. Results found that by adding different percentages of coconut fibre, most of the properties were complied with the standards except for the compressive strength of 5% of coconut fibre in clay brick. Therefore, the utilization of coconut fibre could be one of the alternative disposal methods for agriculture waste and it will also provide low-cost material for brick that produce adequate physical and mechanical properties.

Properties of Steel Mill Sludge Waste Incorporated in Fired Clay Brick

2016 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 358-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aeslina Abdul Kadir ◽  
Mohd Ruzaini Abd Jalil ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Sludge Waste ◽  
Hazardous Waste Landfill

Brick is one of the most common masonry units as a building material due to its properties. Many attempts have been made to incorporate different types of sludge waste into brick such as marble sludge, stone sludge, water treatment sludge, sewage sludge, desalination sludge, textile laundry sludge, ceramic sludge and steel mill sludge. SMS is waste that produced from steel manufacturing industry. This sludge is normally disposed at a hazardous waste landfill site. The objective of this study is to investigate the properties of sludge waste incorporated in fired clay brick. The characteristic of heavy metals in steel mill sludge were determined by using XRF. Characteristic of steel mill sludge shows that some of the heavy metals in steel mill sludge shows higher concentration by following this descending order Zn>Cu>Pb>Sn>Cr>Ba. Four different mixing ratios of steel mill sludge at (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%) were incorporated into fired clay brick to obtain the properties and compared with control brick and standards. In this study, physical and mechanical properties such as shrinkage, density, initial rate of suction and compressive strength test were conducted in the laboratory. Through this study, the results indicate that addition of 5% steel mill sludge into bricks shows the best quality of brick with high compressive strength (16.78N/mm2) and low initial rate of suction (3.80 g/mm2). Nevertheless, the density and shrinkage for all bricks still comply with the requirement and suitable for different work applications. Furthermore, by incorporating sludge waste into fired clay brick could provide an environmental friendly way of disposal method.

Influence of Grog and Cement on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Unfired Clay Bricks

2014 ◽  
Vol 608 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Soravich Mulinta
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Volume Shrinkage ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Moisture Expansion ◽  
Clay Bricks

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of red clay, grog and cement content (5,10,15,20%) on unfired clay brick’s properties. The comparative properties of construction bricks produced by the community fulfilled the requirements of Thai industrial standard (TIS 77-2545) for brick processing in Small and Micro Community Enterprise of Clay Brick Making Group in Son Bun Reung village. The physical and mechanical properties were tested consisting of the volume shrinkage, bulk density, appearance porosity, moisture expansion, slaking, compressive and fractural strength. The result showed that physical-mechanical properties were improved by the addition of cement. The unfired clay brick consisting of 100% grog and 20% cement had 4.5% shrinkage value. The bulk density and appearance porosity were 1.77 g/cm2 and 3.5%, respectively. The fractural strength of unfired clay bricks was 41.2 kg/cm2. The compressive strength of unfired clay bricks was 282.4 kg/cm2. The clay bricks were not slaking.

Mechanical Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Lightweight Clay Bricks Fabricated with a Powdered Marble Dust Additive

2018 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 465-470
Author(s):  
Sutas Janbuala ◽  
Mana Eambua ◽  
Arpapan Satayavibul ◽  
Watcharakhon Nethan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Marble Dust

The objective of this study was to recycle powdered marble dust to improve mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of lightweight clay bricks. Varying amounts of powdered marble dust (10, 20, 30, and 40 vol.%) were added to a lightweight clay brick at the firing temperatures of 900, 1000, and 1100 °C. When higher quantities of powdered marble dust were added, the values of porosity and water absorption increased while those of thermal conductivity and bulk density decreased. The decrease in apparent porosity and water absorption were also affected by the increase in firing temperature. The most desirable properties of the clay bricks were obtained for the powdered marble dust content of 40 vol.% and firing temperature 900 °C: bulk density of 1.20 g/cm3, compressive strength 9.2 MPa, thermal conductivity 0.32 W/m.K, and water absorption 22.5%.

ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON SANDY CLAY BRICKS WITH CEMENT MIX

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
PHARAM SINGH THAPA ◽  
◽  
GOVIND PRASAD LAMICHHANE ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
Structural Durability ◽  
Cement Strength

In order to contribute to the sustainability of the brick construction sector, this work studied the formation of economic and environment friendly sandy clay brick. Therefore, the goal was set to be developed, a “sandy clay brick with cement mix”, which has more structural durability, less weight, low cost, together with high performance with respect to indoor air quality. In this research, variation on soil – cement brick with gradual increase in cement content replacing soil material and how the soil- cement brick may be studied using soil and cement as binder by fulfilling the requirement of National Building Code (NBC). The water cement ratio was kept controlled and all other material properties used were same. The effect was seen on compressive strength because the 28 days strength of brick is slightly more when soil is replaced by 15% cement content then no replacement of soil by cement strength. Taking about 11 samples starting from 0 % to 50 % cement content it was found that sandy clay soil – cement brick with compressive strength up to 23.44 MPa with traditional value may be achieved.

Properties of Dry-Mortar with Recycled Concrete Aggregate and Powder of Crushed Clay Bricks

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 1637-1640
Author(s):  
Jian Hua Xue ◽  
Xiao Guang Li ◽  
Yun Xiao Liu ◽  
Qiang Du
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Recycled Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Clay Bricks

Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and crushed clay bricks (CCB) have been increasingly researched and used in past two decades. However, studies focusing on the properties of dry-mortar with RCA and CCB are very limited. In this research, results from physical and mechanical properties of recycled mortar with fine recycled aggregate (FRA), fine recycled powder (FRP) and crushed clay brick (CCB) were secured. It is shown that sinking degree of FRA mortar can be adjusted in the range of 70-90mm and their water-maintainability is superior to natural sand mortar. However, compressive strength of FRA mortar at various ages decrease, compared to natural sand mortar under the condition of same mixed proportion. Compressive strength of FRA mortar is above 5.0MPa with mass ratio of aggregate to cement lower than 6.0.Workability of FRP and CCB mortar is similar to fly ash mortar and their apparent densities are under the 2.0g/cm3. Compressive strength of FRP and CCB mortar is near to 8.5 MPa at 28 days of age.

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Fired Clay Bricks Incorporated with Cigarette Butts: Comparison between Slow and Fast Heating Rates

2013 ◽  
Vol 421 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Aeslina binti Abdul Kadir ◽  
Abbas Mohajerani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Slow Heating ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Fast Heating ◽  
Rate Of Absorption

In general, firing process in brick manufacturing could affect the properties, colours and appearance of the brick. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different heating rates on physical and mechanical properties during the firing of standard bricks and bricks incorporated with cigarette butt (CB). In this investigation, two different heating rates were used: slow heating rate (2oC min-1) and fast heating rate (5oC min-1). Samples were fired in solid forms from room temperature to 1050oC. All bricks were tested for their physical and mechanical properties including compressive strength, initial rate of absorption and density. Higher heating rates decrease compressive strength value but slightly increase the initial rate of absorption and density properties respectively. In conclusion, higher heating rates are able to produce adequate physical and mechanical properties especially for CB Brick.

scholarly journals Study on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Ancient Clay Brick Samples of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagadeesh Bhattarai ◽  
Dol Bahadur Ghale ◽  
Yagya Prasad Chapagain ◽  
Narendra Bahadur Bohara ◽  
Nijan Duwal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Clay Brick

Physical and mechanical properties of seven ancient clay brick samples of Kathmandu valley consisting of quartz, feldspars, spinel, margarite, muscovite type of mica mineral and hematite were studied using ASTM standards. All the brick samples used in this study have the water absorption, apparent porosity and bulk density in the range of 10-28 percent, 17-33 percent and 1.2-1.8 g/cm3, respectively, while the compressive strength of all the brick samples is found to be in the range of 5-23 MPa. The bulk density of the tile samples is found to be increased with decreasing the water absorption and apparent porosity. The compressive strength of all the clay brick samples can be correlated with their physical properties. Consequently, durability of the ancient bricks is directly influenced by their physical properties of water absorption, apparent porosity and bulk density.

Comparison of Dolomite Clay and Cullet Addition on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Clay Bricks

2018 ◽  
Vol 766 ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Rattaphon Kantajan ◽  
Soravich Mulinta
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Component Ratio ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Bricks

The purpose of this study was to study and characterize the properties of physical – mechanical for clay bricks. The raw materials used in the study are from local sources. They are Sri Khum red clay, dolomite and cullet. The component ratio of clay brick as an addition Sri Khum red clay 50–90 %, foaming agent (dolomite and cullet) 10–50%. The characterization of raw material was analyzed by particle analyzer, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The shrinkage, water absorption and compressive strength of clay brick were tested. The results showed that the properties of clay bricks after firing at temperature at 900°C were studied. The Sri Khum red clay 80% and cullet 20% had a shrinkage of 6.95%, water absorption of 20.4% and compressive strength of 182 kg/cm2. The physical – mechanical of clay brick achieved the requirements of Thai industrial standard (TIS 77-2545).

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