Effective Alarm Model Using Non Invasive Corrosion Monitoring for Risk Asssessment of Underground Pipelines

2016 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 103-105
Author(s):  
Maroš Halama ◽  
Marek Smatana ◽  
Miroslav Groško ◽  
Andrej Hajšel ◽  
Anna Mercader Ardevol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Underground Pipelines

Effective corrosion monitoring can be achieved using mobile potenciostat through the selection of appropriate monitoring methods and special kind of sensor. Stern polarization technique in non-invasive arrangement was used to monitor OCP potential and actual corrosion rate of pipeline with corrosion products in soil mixture. Using global database with range of minimum and maximum corrosion rate limits obtained from terrain measurements we can determine active or passive role of corrosion products and assess risk joint with aggressiveness of soil in location of interest. Finally, values were divided between high active, medium active and passive corrosion. Output is alarm, which can help in decision if reconstruction of underground pipelines where isolation failure in time is sufficient or not. When done properly, corrosion monitoring using non-invasive in-situ technique can serve as an early warning system before the onset of corrosion-related failures.Fig. 1 Non-invasive corrosion monitoring on underground pipelines

scholarly journals The effect of defect size and soil aggressivity on corrosion of underground oil & gas pipelines

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Maros Halama ◽  
Emily Haluschak ◽  
Peter Hanzes ◽  
Gabriela Baranova
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Destructive

Nowadays, the oil & gas industry has limited number of non-destructive corrosion techniques for assessment of life-time of existing infrastructures, especially on low and medium pressure pipelines exposed to aggressive soil environment where defect in isolation and presence of water formed ideal conditions for corrosion attack. Efficient non-destructive corrosion monitoring can be achieved using mobile potentiostat through the selection of appropriate monitoring techniques and special kind of sensor. OCP potential is monitored for 10 minutes and actual corrosion rate of pipeline with corrosion products in soil mixture was determined using Stern polarization technique in non-invasive arrangement. Using global database with range of minimum and maximum corrosion rate limits obtained from terrain measurements we can determine active or passive role of corrosion products and assess risk joint with aggressiveness of soil in location of interest. Finally, values were divided between high active, medium active and passive corrosion. Output is alarm, which can help in decision if reconstruction of underground pipelines where isolation failed in time is sufficient or not. When done properly, corrosion monitoring using non-invasive “in-situ” technique can serve as an early warning system before the onset of corrosion related failures.

Role of Cardiac MRI in Detecting Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Marymol Koshy ◽  
Bushra Johari ◽  
Mohd Farhan Hamdan ◽  
Mohammad Hanafiah
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Potential Use

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a global disease affecting people of various ethnic origins and both genders. HCM is a genetic disorder with a wide range of symptoms, including the catastrophic presentation of sudden cardiac death. Proper diagnosis and treatment of this disorder can relieve symptoms and prolong life. Non-invasive imaging is essential in diagnosing HCM. We present a review to deliberate the potential use of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in HCM assessment and also identify the risk factors entailed with risk stratification of HCM based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

Water treatment to reduce internal corrosion in the drinking water distribution system in Oslo

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Hem ◽  
E.A. Vik ◽  
A. Bjørnson-Langen
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Copper Corrosion ◽  
Iron Corrosion ◽  
Internal Corrosion

In 1995 the new Skullerud water treatment plant was put into operation. The new water treatment includes colour removal and corrosion control with an increase of pH, alkalinity and calcium concentration in addition to the old treatment, which included straining and chlorination only. Comparative measurements of internal corrosion were conducted before and after the installation of the new treatment plant. The effect of the new water treatment on the internal corrosion was approximately a 20% reduction in iron corrosion and a 70% reduction in copper corrosion. The heavy metals content in standing water was reduced by approximately 90%. A separate internal corrosion monitoring programme was conducted, studying the effects of other water qualities on the internal corrosion rate. Corrosion coupons were exposed to the different water qualities for nine months. The results showed that the best protection of iron was achieved with water supersaturated with calcium carbonate. Neither a high content of free carbon dioxide or the use of the corrosion inhibitor sodium silicate significantly reduced the iron corrosion rate compared to the present treated water quality. The copper corrosion rate was mainly related to the pH in the water.

Semi-Quantitative Ultrasonographic Evaluation of NAFLD

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (32) ◽  
pp. 3915-3927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Ballestri ◽  
Claudio Tana ◽  
Maria Di Girolamo ◽  
Maria Cristina Fontana ◽  
Mariano Capitelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Progressive Liver Disease

: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) embraces histopathological entities ranging from the relatively benign simple steatosis to the progressive form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is associated with fibrosis and an increased risk of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is the most common liver disease and is associated with extrahepatic comorbidities including a major cardiovascular disease burden. : The non-invasive diagnosis of NAFLD and the identification of subjects at risk of progressive liver disease and cardio-metabolic complications are key in implementing personalized treatment schedules and follow-up strategies. : In this review, we highlight the potential role of ultrasound semiquantitative scores for detecting and assessing steatosis severity, progression of NAFLD, and cardio-metabolic risk. : Ultrasonographic scores of fatty liver severity act as sensors of cardio-metabolic health and may assist in selecting patients to submit to second-line non-invasive imaging techniques and/or liver biopsy.

scholarly journals E. coli Enterotoxin LtB Enhances Vaccine-Induced Anti-H. pylori Protection by Promoting Leukocyte Migration into Gastric Mucus via Inflammatory Lesions

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 982
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Peng ◽  
Rongguang Zhang ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Feiyan Yu ◽  
Mingyang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Gastric Injury ◽  
Oral Vaccines ◽  
Gastric Mucus ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
H Pylori

Current studies indicate that the anti-H. pylori protective efficacy of oral vaccines to a large extent depends on using mucosal adjuvants like E. coli heat-lable enterotoxin B unit (LtB). However, the mechanism by which Th17/Th1-driven cellular immunity kills H. pylori and the role of LtB remains unclear. Here, two L. lactis strains, expressing H. pylori NapA and LtB, respectively, were orally administrated to mice. As observed, the administration of LtB significantly enhanced the fecal SIgA level and decreased gastric H. pylori colonization, but also markedly aggravated gastric inflammatory injury. Both NapA group and NapA+LtB group had elevated splenocyte production of IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23 and INF-γ. Notably, gastric leukocytes’ migration or leakage into the mucus was observed more frequently in NapA+LtB group than in NapA group. This report is the first that discusses how LtB enhances vaccine-induced anti-H. pylori efficacy by aggravating gastric injury and leukocytes’ movement into the mucus layer. Significantly, it brings up a novel explanation for the mechanism underlying mucosal cellular immunity destroying the non-invasive pathogens. More importantly, the findings suggest the necessity to further evaluate LtB’s potential hazards to humans before extending its applications. Thus, this report can provide considerable impact on the fields of mucosal immunology and vaccinology.

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