Nanocarbon from Rice Straw as Supercapacitor Electrode

2019 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 180-184
Author(s):  
Michael Lianto ◽  
Sulistiyawati Dewi Kiniasih ◽  
Irma Septi Ardiani ◽  
Malik Anjelh Baqiyah ◽  
Vania Mitha Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Supercapacitor Electrode ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry Test

Rice straw waste in Indonesia is abundant and not yet used optimally. The composition of rice straw is 40% cellulose, 30% hemicellulose, 15% silica and 15% lignin so it is potentially to be a raw material of active carbon and supercapasitor electrode. Many efforts has been done to increase the value of capacitance of electrode like increase the surface area with activation and milling process. In this research used the variation of activator substance and the variation of milling velocity, they are H3PO4 450 rpm, H3PO4 600 rpm, and KOH 450 rpm. The purposes of this research are identify and characterize the rice straw charcoal material as nanocarbon and also knowing the nanocarbon quality of rice straw charcoal material as supercapacitor electrode. The methods are carbonization, activation, and solid state reaction. The result of this research shows the value of capacitance at H3PO4 450 rpm, H3PO4 600 rpm, and KOH 450 rpm are 28,96 F/g; 30,89 F/g; dan 19,31 F/g. From this research, we can conclude that activator substance and milling velocity affect the value of capacitance that is produced. The result of SEM-EDX test is comparable with the result of cyclic voltammetry test, the higher number of pores the higher value of capacitances produced.

scholarly journals Electrical Conductivity Behavior of La0.5Ca0.5Mn0.5Fe0.5O3 Synthetized by the Solid State Reaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
H. A. Martínez-Rodríguez ◽  
J. F. Jurado ◽  
E. Restrepo-Parra
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Semiconductor Behavior

La0.5Ca0.5Mn0.5Fe0.5O3 was synthesized using the solid state reaction method. This method consists of two main processes: a milling process and a subsequent thermal treatment. Two samples at different conditions were produced: one using 2 h of milling time and 900°C (M-I), and the other using 6 h of milling time and 1200°C of thermal treatment (M-II).  X-ray diffraction analysis indicated, in both cases, an orthorhombic crystalline ordering of the space group Pbnm. For the case of M-I, the material exhibited secondary phases, different than the desired phase; on the contrary, in M-II, these secondary phases were not present. The dielectric response determined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) performed in a temperature range between 20°C and 300°C exhibited a thermally activated semiconductor behavior with activation energies of Eg= 0.11±0.05 eV and Eg= 0.47±0.06 eV for M-I and M-II, respectively.

Preparation and Luminescent Properties of Zn2SiO4:Mn2+

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 375-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Mei Cao ◽  
Wen Bo Bu ◽  
Chuan Ai Ren ◽  
Xiao Xu ◽  
Qiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Luminescent Properties ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Manganese Nitrate ◽  
Reducing Atmosphere ◽  
Pure Sio2

Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ was synthesized via a dipping method. Stoichiometric high pure SiO2 was put into the solution of zinc nitrate and manganese nitrate. The mixture was milled while being heated until the water was vaporized completely. The as-received mixture was added into the ethanol, and dispersed well, then the mixture was milled and heated to remove the ethanol thoroughly by evaporation. The precursor were dried for several hours at 60°C, and annealed in a reducing atmosphere of active carbon at 1000°C for 4 h. As-prepared powders of Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ was tested by XRD and SEM. Its luminescent properties were characterized by excitation and emission spectra. The results are compared with those of Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ prepared by a general solid state reaction.

Three dimensional heteroatom-doped carbon composite film for flexible solid-state supercapacitors

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 4483-4489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben-Xue Zou ◽  
You Gao ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Yongpeng Yu ◽  
Yanhua Lu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Composite Film ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Supercapacitor Electrode ◽  
Flexible Supercapacitor

Three dimensional (3D) heteroatom-doped active carbon as a flexible supercapacitor electrode is explored with a starting material of silkworm fibers and low molecular weight phenol resin composite.

Preparing LiFePO4 Using Recovered Materials from Waste Li-Ion Battery

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2940-2944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Pei ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
Wen Hua Zhang ◽  
Xu Tian ◽  
Ji Yu
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Initial Discharge Capacity ◽  
Capacity Retention ◽  
Initial Discharge ◽  
Li Ion

LiFePO4 was prepared using recovered materials from waste Li-ion battery. The recovered materials after treatment was mixed with Li2CO3, Fe (NO3) 3·9H2O and NH4H2PO4 to adjust the Li/Fe/P molar ratio equal to 1.05/1/1. The raw material was mixed with super-p and calcined in muffle to get LiFePO4 by a solid-state reaction. Optimal conditions were: 700°C, N2 ambience, 10h, and Fe/C=1/1.5 (mol). The characterization results showed that the product was irregular particles with size 5-10μm and good dispersion. When discharged in the range of 2.2~4.2V, the initial discharge capacity was 141.4mAh/g at 0.1C, 103.1mAh/g at 1C. The capacity retention was 97.2% after 300 cycles at 1C showing satisfactory stability.

Effect of Mechanical Activation on the Synthesis of Ba-Celsian and Sr-Celsian using Precursor Mixtures Containing Coal Fly Ash

2016 ◽  
Vol 1812 ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Claudia M. Lopez-Badillo ◽  
Jorge López-Cuevas ◽  
Carlos A. Gutiérrez-Chavarría ◽  
José L. Rodríguez-Galicia ◽  
Elia M. Múzquiz-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Attrition Mill ◽  
Sintered Materials

ABSTRACTBaAl2Si2O8 and SrAl2Si2O8 were synthesized by solid-state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of either BaCO3 or SrCO3 with coal fly ash and Al2O3. The mixtures were mechanically activated in an attrition mill for up to 12 h and then reaction-sintered at 900-1300 °C, aiming to promote the formation of BaAl2Si2O8 and SrAl2Si2O8 as well as the conversion from their hexagonal (Hexacelsian) into their monoclinic (Celsian) forms, which is associated with improved mechanical properties in the sintered materials. Especially in the case of SrAl2Si2O8, the formation of Celsian was favored at relatively low sintering temperatures by increasing milling time. Although only the SrAl2Si2O8 composition was fully converted into Celsian, the Hexacelsian to Celsian conversions obtained for the mechanically-activated BaAl2Si2O8 composition were significantly higher than those previously reported in the literature for this compound. This could be attributed to the use of coal fly ash as raw material, which contains mineralizers that promote the mentioned conversion.

Quaternary Chalcogenide Nanocrystals: Synthesis of Cu2ZnSnSe4 by Solid State Reaction and their Thermoelectric Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 1543 ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umme Farva ◽  
Chan Park
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Alloying Effect ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Uniform Size

ABSTRACTIn this paper, synthesis of Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) materials by using simple and cost-effective solid state reaction method from the elemental Cu, ZnO, SnO and elemental Se powders are carried out. The SEM images show spherical, non-uniform size with aggregation of nanopowders. The phase separation and thermal analysis of the milled powders suggested that most of the starting powders reacted because of a mechanical alloying effect during milling process. After the solid state reaction at above 500 °C, the nanopowders crystallized into stannite single phase, which are confirm by XRD spectra. The thermoelectric properties of synthesized powder are under study.

Optimization of Laccase Production from Penicillium sp. LX/08 for Biodelignification of Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud)

2020 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Asri Peni Wulandari ◽  
Zulfa Illiyyin ◽  
Hendro Risdianto
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Laccase Activity ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Pretreatment Method

Ramie solid waste as chips can be used as raw material for pulp. Ligninolytic enzymes of laccase widely used for pretreatment of the pulping process of ramie chips by biodelignification using laccase produced by Penicillium sp. LX/08 has been done. This study aims to obtain optimal concentrations of lignin and CuSO4 as enzyme inducers to increase laccase production from Penicillium sp. LX/08 during biodelignification process and its effect on the quality of ramie pulp. The biodelignification process of ramie chips was carried out by solid state fermentation (SSF) method with six days incubation time. Two inducer type treatment factors (CuSO4 and lignin), and variations in the concentration of each lignin (0.25 g/L, 0.5 g/L, 0.75 g/L) and CuSO4 (0.25 mM, 0.5 mM, 0.75 mM) were investigated in this study. The pulping process was carried out by the soda process in a digester under conditions: 12% active alkaline, temperature of 165°C for 3.5 hours. The results showed that 0.75 mM and 0.5 g/L of lignin were the optimal concentrations which could increase the laccase activity of Penicillium sp. LX/08 by 343 U/L and 25,8 U/L, respectively. The quality of ramie pulp showed a decrease in Kappa Number of 9,34% with an increase in pulp yield to 55,43%. Based on these results, the pretreatment method using laccase produced by Penicillium sp. LX/08 can assist the pulping process of ramie.

CO2 chemisorption in Li2CuO2 microstructurally modified by ball milling: study performed with different physicochemical CO2 capture conditions

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (63) ◽  
pp. 57880-57888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo A. Lara-García ◽  
Margarita J. Ramírez-Moreno ◽  
José Ortiz-Landeros ◽  
Heriberto Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Ball Milling Process ◽  
Co2 Chemisorption

Lithium cuprate (Li2CuO2) was obtained by a solid state reaction and a subsequent ball milling process. Then, the samples were characterized (structurally and microstructurally) and evaluated as CO2 captors.

Maricite NaFePO4/C/graphene: a novel hybrid cathode for sodium-ion batteries

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (32) ◽  
pp. 16616-16621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mokhlesur Rahman ◽  
Irin Sultana ◽  
Srikanth Mateti ◽  
Junnan Liu ◽  
Neeraj Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Sodium Ion Batteries ◽  
Cycle Stability ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Sodium Storage

A maricite hybrid cathode of NaFePO4/C/graphene with a novel microstructure is produced by a modified ball-milling process based on a solid-state reaction. This structure is capable of delivering high sodium storage capacity with outstanding cycle stability.

A Study of the Solid-State Reaction for Polishing Sapphires

2012 ◽  
Vol 497 ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Fa Deng ◽  
Zhi Xiong Zhou ◽  
Zhao Zhong Zhou ◽  
Ju Long Yuan ◽  
Ji Cui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Material Removal Rate ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Quality Requirements

As sapphire is an important substrate material, stringent surface quality requirements (i.e., surface finish and flatness) are required. In order to acquire the higher material removal rate and the better surface quality of sapphire, the solid state-reaction were introduced in this paper; abrasive of SiO2 and SiO2 with mixing the MgF2 power were compared to polish sapphire. The result showed that abrasive of SiO2 with mixing the MgF2 can obtain higher material removal rate and better surface quality. The result of the pr

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