Influence of Metal-Containing Nanoparticles on the Content of Photosynthetic Pigments of Unicellular Alga Chlorella vulgaris Baijer

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri N. Morgalev ◽  
Alexander V. Kurovsky ◽  
Irina A. Gosteva ◽  
Tamara G. Morgaleva ◽  
Sergey Yu. Morgalev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Unicellular Alga ◽  
Concentration Effects ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Monotone Decrease

The research studies concentration effects and influence of nCeO2, nZnO, nNi and nPt on photosynthetic pigments in Chlorella v. B. in conditions of homeostated lab cultivation. It was shown that dependency of the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids in chlorella cells on concentrations of nCeO2, nZnO and nPt has non-linear dual-phase character. Growing concentrations of nNi in the culture solution caused monotone decrease of all photosynthetic pigments in chlorella cells. Adding 0.1 mg/L nZnO in the suspension caused a statistically significant increase of the chlorophyll a and b content (27.1 % and 64.2 % respectively) in comparison with the control sample. NPs Pt at 1 mg/L induced stimulating effect on chlorophylls a (17.4 % compared to the control) and b (23.6 % compared to the control) in chlorella cells. The number of carotenoids had a statistically significant decrease in chlorella cells by 25-70 % at high concentrations (1-10 mg/L) for all tested NPs.

scholarly journals Effect of Helium on Dispersoid Evolution under Self-Ion Irradiation in A Dual-Phase 12Cr Oxide-Dispersion-Strengthened Alloy

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyosim Kim ◽  
Tianyao Wang ◽  
Jonathan G. Gigax ◽  
Shigeharu Ukai ◽  
Frank A. Garner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Oxide Dispersion Strengthened ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Oxide Dispersion ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Peak Displacement

As one candidate alloy for future Generation IV and fusion reactors, a dual-phase 12Cr oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) alloy was developed for high temperature strength and creep resistance and has shown good void swelling resistance under high damage self-ion irradiation at high temperature. However, the effect of helium and its combination with radiation damage on oxide dispersoid stability needs to be investigated. In this study, 120 keV energy helium was preloaded into specimens at doses of 1 × 1015 and 1 × 1016 ions/cm2 at room temperature, and 3.5 MeV Fe self-ions were sequentially implanted to reach 100 peak displacement-per-atom at 475 °C. He implantation alone in the control sample did not affect the dispersoid morphology. After Fe ion irradiation, a dramatic increase in density of coherent oxide dispersoids was observed at low He dose, but no such increase was observed at high He dose. The study suggests that helium bubbles act as sinks for nucleation of coherent oxide dispersoids, but dispersoid growth may become difficult if too many sinks are introduced, suggesting that a critical mass of trapping is required for stable dispersoid growth.

The impact of different levels of sodium chloride on the quantitative changes of chlorophyll and carotenoids in chloroplasts of Elodea canadensis (Michx. 1803)

Biologija ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandrs Petjukevičs ◽  
Anna Batjuka ◽  
Nataļja Škute
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Elodea Canadensis ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
The Impact

In this study we used spectrophotometry to investigate the effect of negative concentrations of sodium chloride ions on photosynthetic pigments in <i>Elodea canadensis</i> (Michx. 1803). The concentrations of pigments, carotenoids, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, in plant leaves provide information about the physiological state of plants and were determined using a spectrophotometer. Quantity and dynamics analyses of photosynthetic pigments are effective methods which allow determining changes in metabolites of plant cells even at insignificant cellular damage. During this research photosynthetic pigments in leaves were obtained at the different sodium chloride levels: 0.0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 M. The results of this research indicate that these types of stressors at high concentrations: 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0  M after a prolonged time of impact on plant leaves lead to a decrease of photosynthetic pigments and inhibit growth and development of a plant as a whole.

Interaction between clay minerals and hydrocarbon-utilizing indigenous microorganisms in high concentrations of heavy oil: implications for bioremediation

Clay Minerals ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Khodijah Chaerun ◽  
Kazue Tazaki ◽  
Ryuji Asada ◽  
Kazuhiro Kogure
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Microbial Cells ◽  
Cell Complexes ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Hydrocarbon Degraders

AbstractThis study focused on whether the presence of clay minerals (montmorillonite and kaolinite) in marine or coastal environments contaminated with high concentrations of heavy-oil spills were able to support the growth of hydrocarbon degraders to enable bioremediation. The bacterial growth experiment utilizing ~150 g/l of heavy oil (from theNakhodkaoil spill) was conducted with 1500 mg/l of montmorillonite or kaolinite. Bacterial strainPseudomonas aeruginosa(isolated from Atake seashore, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan), capable of degrading heavy oil, was employed in combination with other hydrocarbon degraders inhabiting the heavy oil and seawater (collected from the Sea of Japan). The interactions among microbial cells, clay minerals and heavy oil were studied. Both clays were capable of promoting microbial growth and allowed microorganisms to proliferate (to a greater degree than in a control sample which contained no clay) in an extremely high concentration of heavy oil. Observation by transmission electron microscopy of the clay-oil-cell complexes showed that microbial cells tended to be bound primarily on the edges of the clays. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the clay-oil and clay-oil-cell complexes involved the adsorption of microbial cells and/or heavy oil on the external surfaces of the clays. How do the interactions among clay minerals, microbial cells and heavy oil contribute to environmental factors influencing the bioremediation process? To our knowledge, there are no previous reports on the use of clay minerals in the bioremediation of theNakhodkaoil spill in combination with biofilm formation.

scholarly journals Kinetics and reaction mechanism of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase with long-chain primary alcohols

1976 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Schöpp ◽  
H Aurich
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Primary Alcohols ◽  
Yeast Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Kinetic Coefficients ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Long Chain

Kinetic studies of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase with NAD+ and ethanol, hexanol or decanol as substrates invariably result in non-linear Lineweaver-Burk plots if the alcohol is the variable substrate. The kinetic coefficients determined from secondary plots are consistent with an ‘equilibrium random-order‘ mechanism for extremely low alcohol concentrations and for all alcohols, the transformation of the ternary complexes being the rate-limiting step of the reaction. This mechanism also applies to long-chain substrates at high concentrations, whereas the rate of the ethanol-NAD+ reaction at high ethanol concentrations is determined by the dissociation of the enzyme-NADH complex. The dissociation constants for the enzyme-NAD+ complex and for the enzyme-alcohol complexes obtained from the kinetic quotients satisfactorily correspond to the dissociation constants obtained by use of other techniques. It is suggested that the non-linear curves may be attributed to a structural change in the enzyme itself, caused by the alcohol.

scholarly journals Chlorella vulgaris logistic growth kinetics model in high concentrations of aqueous ammonia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Azlin Suhaida Azmi ◽  
NURAIN ATIKAH CHE AZIZ ◽  
Noor Illi Mohamad Puad ◽  
Amanatuzzakiah Abdul Halim ◽  
Faridah Yusof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Aqueous Ammonia ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Model Coefficient ◽  
Logistic Growth Model ◽  
High Concentrations

ABSTRACT: The ability of microalgae to utilize CO2 during photosynthesis and grow rapidly shows their potential in CO2 bio-fixation to capture and store the gas. However, CO2 capture by this biological approach is very slow compared to chemical reaction-based processes such as absorption using amine or aqueous ammonia. Integration between chemical (aqueous ammonia) and biological (microalgae) aspects might enhance the capturing process and at the same time the microalgae can assimilate CO2 for beneficial bioproduct formation. Thus, it is important to assess the growth of the microalgae in various concentrations of ammonia with CO2 supply. Hence, the main objective of this study is to investigate Chlorella vulgaris growth and its kinetics in aqueous ammonia. To achieve that, C. vulgaris was cultivated in various concentrations of aqueous ammonia between 0 to 1920 mg/L at room temperature (i.e. 27 °C) and supplied with 15% (v/v) of CO2 under illumination of 3500 lux of white fluorescent light. Result shows that the maximum growth capacity (Xmax) of C. vulgaris is deteriorating from 1.820 Au to 0.245 Au as the concentration of aqueous ammonia increased. However, no significant change in maximum specific growth rate (µmax) was observed. The growth data was then fitted into the logistic growth model. The model coefficient of determination (R2) is decreasing, which suggests modification of the model is required. ABSTRAK: Keupayaan alga-mikro untuk menggunakan CO2 semasa proses fotosintesis dan pembiakannya yang pesat menunjukkan potensi dalam penggunaan dan penyimpanan gas ketetapan-biologi. Walau bagaimanapun, penggunaan CO2  melalui cara ini adalah sangat perlahan berbanding proses tindak balas kimia melalui penyerapan amina ataupun cecair  ammonia. Percampuran antara tindak balas kimia (cecair ammonia) dan tindak balas biologi, memungkinkan penambahan proses percampuran dan pada masa sama alga-mikro akan menyerap CO2 bagi kepentingan pembentukan hasil biologi. Dengan itu, adalah sangat penting untuk mengawasi pertumbuhan alga-mikro dalam pelbagai ketumpatan ammonia bersama kandungan CO2. Oleh itu, objektif utama penyelidikan ini adalah untuk menyiasat pertumbuhan Chlorella vulgaris dan proses kinetik dalam cecair ammonia. Bagi memperoleh hasil tersebut,  C. vulgaris telah dikulturkan pada ketumpatan cecair berbeza antara 0 ke 1920 mg/L pada suhu bilik (iaitu 27 °C) dan dibekalkan dengan 15% (v/v) CO2 di bawah cahaya putih flurosen  3500 lux. Keputusan menunjukkan kapasiti pertumbuhan terbanyak (Xmax) C. vulgaris telah berkurang daripada 1.820 Au kepada 0.245 Au apabila ketumpatan cecair ammonia dikurangkan. Walau bagaimanapun, tiada perubahan ketara pada kadar pertumbuhan (µmax) dapat dilihat. Data kadar pertumbuhan kemudiannya dikemas kini pada model pertumbuhan logistik. Model pekali penentu (R2) telah direndahkan di mana cadangan untuk mengubah model adalah diperlukan.

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