Full Characterization of a Tool Steel Texture and Microstructure by Using Fast Simultaneous EBSD/EDS Measurements

2011 ◽  
Vol 172-174 ◽  
pp. 1290-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Goran
Keyword(s):  
Tool Steel ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
Multiphase Materials ◽  
Submicron Scale ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

The study presents the latest developments in terms of speed and integration of theelectron backscatter diffraction(EBSD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The microstructural features and texture of a commercially available tool steel have been analyzed by simultaneous EBSD/EDS measurements. The EDS data was used for confirming/correcting the EBSD results as well as for detecting the presence of ultrafine carbide precipitates. The results indicate the formation of two different types of carbides inside a ferritic matrix. Most of the matrix was found to be composed of fully recrystallized grains with average diameters around 10 microns. Zones characterized by finer submicron scale grains could also be identified locally as well as grains containing networks of subgrain boundaries. This study demonstrates that the combination of the two techniques, i.e. EBSD and EDS, results in a powerful tool for a fast, reliable and complete characterization of multiphase materials.

scholarly journals Characterization of Coarse-Grained Heat-Affected Zones in Al and Ti-Deoxidized Offshore Steels

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1096
Author(s):  
Henri Tervo ◽  
Antti Kaijalainen ◽  
Vahid Javaheri ◽  
Satish Kolli ◽  
Tuomas Alatarvas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prior Austenite ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Grain Coarsening ◽  
Austenite Grain ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Prior Austenite Grain ◽  
Deoxidation Practice

Deterioration of the toughness in heat-affected zones (HAZs) due to the thermal cycles caused by welding is a known problem in offshore steels. Acicular ferrite (AF) in the HAZ is generally considered beneficial regarding the toughness. Three experimental steels were studied in order to find optimal conditions for the AF formation in the coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ). One of the steels was Al-deoxidized, while the other two were Ti-deoxidized. The main focus was to distinguish whether the deoxidation practice affected the AF formation in the simulated CGHAZ. First, two different peak temperatures and prolonged annealing were used to study the prior austenite grain coarsening. Then, the effect of welding heat input was studied by applying three cooling times from 800 °C to 500 °C in a Gleeble thermomechanical simulator. The materials were characterized using electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and electron backscatter diffraction. The Mn depletion along the matrix-particle interface was modelled and measured. It was found that AF formed in the simulated CGHAZ of one of the Ti-deoxidized steels and its fraction increased with increasing cooling time. In this steel, the inclusions consisted mainly of small (1–4 μm) TiOx-MnS, and the tendency for prior austenite grain coarsening was the highest.

scholarly journals Analysis of Strain Partitioning in Intercritically Deformed Microstructures via Interrupted Tensile Tests

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Unai Mayo ◽  
Nerea Isasti ◽  
José M. Rodríguez-Ibabe ◽  
Pello Uranga
Keyword(s):  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Strain Partitioning ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Electron Backscatter ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Final Deformation ◽  
Micro Alloyed Steel ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

Intercritically deformed steels present combinations of different types of ferrite, such as deformed ferrite (DF) and non-deformed ferrite (NDF) grains, which are transformed during the final deformation passes and final cooling step. Recently, a grain identification and correlation technique based on EBSD has been employed together with a discretization methodology, enabling a distinction to be drawn between different ferrite populations (NDF and DF grains). This paper presents a combination of interrupted tensile tests with crystallographic characterization performed by means of Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD), by analyzing the evolution of an intercritically deformed micro-alloyed steel. In addition to this, and using the nanoindentation technique, both ferrite families were characterized micromechanically and the nanohardness was quantified for each population. NDF grains are softer than DF ones, which is related to the presence of a lower fraction of low-angle grain boundaries. The interrupted tensile tests show the different behavior of low- and high-angle grain boundary evolution as well as the strain partitioning in each ferrite family. NDF population accommodates most of the deformation at initial strain intervals, since strain reaches 10%. For higher strains, NDF and DF grains behave similarly to the strain applied.

Application of Electron Backscatter Diffraction for Crystallographic Characterization of Tin Whiskers

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 876-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Michael ◽  
Bonnie B. McKenzie ◽  
Donald F. Susan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Tin Whiskers ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Final Choice ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Electron Backscatter ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

AbstractUnderstanding the growth of whiskers or high aspect ratio features on substrates can be aided when the crystallography of the feature is known. This study has evaluated three methods that utilize electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) for the determination of the crystallographic growth direction of an individual whisker. EBSD has traditionally been a technique applied to planar, polished samples, and thus the use of EBSD for out-of-surface features is somewhat more difficult and requires additional steps. One of the methods requires the whiskers to be removed from the substrate resulting in the loss of valuable physical growth relationships between the whisker and the substrate. The other two techniques do not suffer this disadvantage and provide the physical growth information as well as the crystallographic growth directions. The final choice of method depends on the information required. The accuracy and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed.

scholarly journals Application of Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) for Crystallographic Characterization of Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Sputtered Films

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (S4) ◽  
pp. 103-104
Author(s):  
C.B. Garcia ◽  
E. Ariza ◽  
C.J. Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Electron Backscatter ◽  
Aluminum Doped Zinc Oxide ◽  
Ebsd Technique ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

Zinc Oxide is a wide band-gap compound semiconductor that has been used in optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications due to its good electrical and optical properties. Aluminium has been an efficient n-type dopant for ZnO to produce low resistivity films and high transparency to visible light. In addition, the improvement of these properties also depends on the morphology, crystalline structure and deposition parameters. In this work, ZnO:Al films were produced by d.c. pulsed magnetron sputtering deposition from a ZnO ceramic target (2.0 wt% Al2O3) on glass substrates, at a temperature of 250 ºC.The crystallographic orientation of aluminum doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) thin films has been studied by Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) technique. EBSD coupled with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is a powerful tool for the microstructural and crystallographic characterization of a wide range of materials.The investigation by EBSD technique of such films presents some challenges since this analysis requires a flat and smooth surface. This is a necessary condition to avoid any shadow effects during the experiments performed with high tilting conditions (70º). This is also essential to ensure a good control of the three dimensional projection of the crystalline axes on the geometrical references related to the sample.Crystalline texture is described by the inverse pole figure (IPF) maps (Figure 1). Through EBSD analysis it was observed that the external surface of the film presents a strong texture on the basal plane orientation (grains highlighted in red colour). Furthermore it was possible to verify that the grain size strongly depends on the deposition time (Figure 1 (a) and (b)). The electrical and optical film properties improve with increasing of the grain size, which can be mainly, attributed to the decrease in scattering grain boundaries which leads to an increasing in carrier mobility (Figure 2).The authors kindly acknowledge the financial support from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) scientific program for the National Network of Electron Microscopy (RNME) EDE/1511/RME/2005.

Use of Electron Backscatter Diffraction Technique in Characterization of 6XXX Aluminum Alloy Extrusions

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 954-955
Author(s):  
Steven R. Claves ◽  
Wojciech Z. Misiolek ◽  
William H. Van Geertruyden ◽  
David B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Metal Flow ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Electron Backscattering Diffraction ◽  
Electron Backscatter ◽  
Individual Grains ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
6Xxx Series

Electron Backscattering Diffraction (EBSD) is an important tool for analyzing the crystal grain orientation of a microstructure and can be used to formulate conclusions about microtexture, texture determined from individual grains. This technique has been used to study a 6xxx series aluminum alloy's response to the deformation of the extrusion process. Extrusion is the process by which a billet of material is forced, under high pressure, through a die. The material undergoes a significant decrease in cross sectional area, and is formed into a shape equivalent to the geometry of the die orifice. Different bearing lands are shown in shown in Figure 1. These surfaces form the part, and are designed to control the metal flow making it uniform through the die, thus yielding good mechanical properties. This research was focused on the resultant microstructure. The shaded regions of Figure 2 show the two surface regions where EBSD measurements were taken.

scholarly journals Special Types of Locally Conformal Closed G2-Structures

Axioms ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Bazzoni ◽  
Alberto Raffero
Keyword(s):  
Lie Groups ◽  
Symplectic Geometry ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Compact Manifolds ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Simply Connected ◽  
Locally Conformal

Motivated by known results in locally conformal symplectic geometry, we study different classes of G 2 -structures defined by a locally conformal closed 3-form. In particular, we provide a complete characterization of invariant exact locally conformal closed G 2 -structures on simply connected Lie groups, and we present examples of compact manifolds with different types of locally conformal closed G 2 -structures.

Wear Behavior of Different Materials Applied on Horizontal Mixer Blades Used in the Processing of Total Mixed Rations

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1743-1753
Author(s):  
Tao Wang ◽  
Baoqin Wen ◽  
Za Kan ◽  
Jingbin Li
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Manganese Steel ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Electron Backscatter ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

Abstract. A horizontal mixer can realize the cutting and mixing of coarse and fine feeds and achieve the purpose of scientific feeding. Studying the wear resistance of the mixer blades can improve the service life of a horizontal mixer. The wear performance of blades made of three different materials (manganese steel, tool steel, and spring steel) was studied under laboratory conditions and working conditions. In laboratory conditions, the wear scar morphology and surface elements were analyzed by means of three-dimensional topography, scanning electron microscopy, and energy spectrum analysis. The results show that the friction coefficient, wear quality, and surface roughness of manganese steel blades had the lowest values of 0.49158, 0.0061 mg, and 4.341 µm in three groups of tests. In working conditions, the wear amount and surface roughness of the manganese steel blades in different zones of the mixer were the lowest. In addition, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) results showed that the grain size of the manganese steel blades was the smallest. Therefore, compared with the tool steel and spring steel blades, the manganese steel blades showed excellent wear resistance.HighlightsThe wear characteristics of horizontal mixer blades with different materials were studied.The wear characteristics of the blades were studied under laboratory and working conditions.The effect of grain on the wear performance of the blades was studied by electron backscatter diffraction. Keywords: Blade, Grain, Horizontal mixer, Wear resistance, Wear test.

scholarly journals Isometric and Closed-Range Composition Operators between Bloch-Type Spaces

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Nina Zorboska
Keyword(s):  
Holomorphic Function ◽  
Composition Operators ◽  
Function Spaces ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Closed Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type Spaces ◽  
Range Determination

We present an overview of the known results describing the isometric and closed-range composition operators on different types of holomorphic function spaces. We add new results and give a complete characterization of the isometric univalently induced composition operators acting between Bloch-type spaces. We also add few results on the closed-range determination of composition operators on Bloch-type spaces and present the problems that are still open.

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